• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1986

Intra and interspecfic fusants were produced by the protoplast fusion of auxotrophic mutants from Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113 and Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. It was found that 0.6M $MgSO_4\;and\;0.6M\;NH_4Cl$ was the best osmotic stabilizer for the preparation of protoplasts from the mycelium of T. koningii and T. reesei respectively. However, $MgSO_4$ was the most suitable one for the regeneration of the protoplasts from both species. The intraspecific protoplast fusion frequencies between the auxotrophic mutants from T. reesei were $1.8{\times}10^{-2}\;to\;5.1{\times}10^{-1}$. Interspecific protoplast fusion frequencies between the auxotrophic mutants from T. koningii and T. reesei were $3.6{\times}10^{-3}$\;to\;8.4{\times}10^{-2}. Interspecific complementing fusants, however, were not alwats produced. Fusants obtained from interspecific potoplast fusion were spontaneously segregated into various strains including parental types, non-parental auxotrophic hybrids, and prototrophic hybrids on complete plate. Interspecific hybrids revealed to have partially enhanced celluloytic activities.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1991

We investigated the effect of Triton X-100 on the growth and morphology of Trichoderma koningii by comparing various parameters representing the frowth of mold in the presence or absence of Triton X-100. The specific growth rate and doubling time of T. koningii were not affected by the addition of 0.05% Triton X-100 in batch culture. However, in the presence of Triton X-100, cultures reached its stationary phase earlier and showed reduced level in total yield of biomass. The addition of Triton X-100 into solid medium also resulted in decrease in the colony radial growth rate and this response was correlated with the formation of mycelia which showed increase in branching and septation in the presence of Triton X-100.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 1989

Trichoderma koningii ATCC26113으로부터 얻어진 영양요구성 돌연변이주간의 종내 원형질체 융합을 시도하여 생성된 융합체의 유전자형을 완전평판배상에서 분석하였다. 생성된 융합체 중 모균고 다른 독립영양형 균주에서 섬유소 분해능이 증진된 융합체를 얻었으며 이들이 이배체(혹은 이수체)임을 확인하였다. 또한 이들 이배체(혹은 이수체)의 독립영양청 잡종의 원형 질체 융합을 통하여 유전자의 교환 및 재조합에 의하여 자연분리되므로써 형성됨을 확인하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113에서 분비되는 효소인 $\beta$-glucosidase를 cellobiose, sophorose, laminaribiose 및 gentiobiose 등의 기질과 반응시킨 후 효소의 transglycosylation 반응 산물을 분석하였다. 각각의 기질로부터 생성된 이당체(dimer)들을 HPLC로 분리하고 $^(1)H$-NMR spectroscopy를 통하여 분석하였다. Cellobiose를 기질로 사용하여 효소와 반응시켰을 때 그 산물에는 laminaribiose, sophorose 및 gentiobiose가 포함되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. Laminaribiose, sophorose 및 gentiobiose를 기질로 사용하였을 경우에 효소는 transglycosylation 반응을 통하여 새로운 $\beta$-glycosidic 결합을 갖는 이당체들을 생성하였다. 효소반응에 의하여 누적되는 이당체의 양은 생성속도보다는 분해속도에 의하여 결정되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.560-565
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• 1990

Trichocderma koningii의 영양요구성 돌연변이주인 CUT 121로부터 얻은 원형질체를 야생형인 ATCC 26113의 핵과 혼합하여 PEG 용액을 처리한 결과, 독립 영양형의 형질전환체가 30 이상의 빈도로 생성되었다. 이 독립영양형 군체로부터 얻은 분리체 중의 하나는 xylanase의 활성이 야생형보다 3배 가량 증진되었으며, 다른 세포의 다당류 분해효소는 야생형과 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 분리체의 DNA 함량, 인위적인 불리양상 및 동위효소 양상 등을 조사 분석한 결과, 독립영양형의 형질전환체는 실험에 사용된 형질전환체로 판명되었다. 이상의 결과로 Trichoderma속 균류의 균주개량법으로, 핵전이법이 통상의 원형질체 융합법보다 효율적인 것으로 판명되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.186-191
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• 1981

Protoplast production from Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113 was investigated for the purpose of doing basic and applied researches by protoplast fusion of the cellulolytic filamentous fungus. High yields of protoplast were obtained by using the 18hr. old mycelia treated with the lytic enzyme Driselase of Kyowa Fermentation Co., Japan, in 0.6M $MgSO_4\;or\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$ as osmotic stabilizers. The optimum temeprature of mycelial digestion was about $28^{\circ}C$ and the number of protoplast increased rapidly after 3hr. digestion. Protoplasts produced at different periods showed distinct morphological heterogeneities in the whole size and the size of vacuole.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 1987

The mode of transglycosylation reaction observed during the action of low-molecular-weight 1,4-$\beta$-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4) purified from Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113 was investigated using $^{1}H-NMR $spectroscopy. The H-1 proton resonances were analysed. After reaction of the enzyme with cellotriose, the reaction products were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. H-1 resonances of the products were consisted with those of cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotitraose, respectively. Therefore it was proved that all the reaction products formed by the action of the enzyme on cellooligosaccharides, including transglycosylation products, possess only H-NMR -1,4-glycosidic linkage(s).

• 한국균학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 1985

버섯 재배상(栽培床에)서 Trichoderma속(屬)을 분리, 동정하고 아울러 Trichoderma속(屬)이 생산하는 항생물질(抗生物質)이 느타리버섯균의 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 분리된 Trichoderma속(屬)은 Rifai의 검색표에 따라 동정한 결과 Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii로 확인되었다. 2) 분리 동정된 Trichoderma속(屬) 중에서 Trichoderma viride(No. 10)이 느타리 버섯균 생육(生育)에 대한 저해율이 제일 높았다. 3) 각종 버섯균 중에서 Trichoderma viride(No. 10)에 의한 저해는 Pleurotus ostreatus와 Pleurotus sajor-caju가 제일 심했고 그 다음으로는 Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Auricularicula auricula순이었다. 4) 추출된 백색 침상 결정 항균력(抗菌力)은 각각 1/10의 농도와 500ppm의 농도에서 cycloheximide $100{\sim}200ppm$의 항균력(抗菌力)에 해당하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1993

A 1, 4-.betha.-D-xylanase, designated as xylanase II, was purified from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma koningii ATCC 251131 by column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, SP-Sephadex C-50, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-50 with an overall yield of 6.97%. It has a molecular weight of 21.000 and an isoelectric point of 9.4. The enzyme activity is optimal at pH 5.0 and at a temperature of 50.deg.C. Xylanase II is stable up to 50.deg.C, while 40 and 90% of its activity are lost after the incubation for 30 and 60 min at 60.deg.C. The enzyme degrades xylan with relatively high activity, as well as carboxymethylcellulose and Avicel. Its $K_{m}$ values for oat-spelt xylan, larchwood xylan and Avicel are 7.48, 1.98 and 13.33 mg/ml, respectively. The hydrolysis products of oat-spelt xylan by xylanase II are xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose and arabinoxylotriose, while the reaction products of larchwood xylan are xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose and small amount of higher oligomers. The action paterns of the enzyme demonstrate that xylanase II is endo-enzyme.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2004

To examine the control effect of damping-off on radish caused by Pythium spp., researchers used the isolates of a fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenae, and antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp. These were used as biocontrol agents, either alone, or in combination. Growth rates of the A. avenae isolates and fungal damages by the nematodes varied depending on Trichoderma spp., which contained lower T. koningii and T. virens cultures than other Trichoderma cultures. Phythium spp. were damaged by all five Aphelenchus isolates, but the multiplication rate of nematode isolate Aa-3 was very poor. Antibiotic activity of T. virens and T. harzianum to Pythium spp. was stronger than that of T. koningii. Control efficacy against damping-off of radish was most enhanced under the treatment using the nematode-T. harzianum combination. On the contrary, the combinations of the nematodes and T. virens or T. koningii mostly did not increase or decreased their control effect vis-$\`{a}$-vis that of the nematodes or antagonistic fungi being used alone. The results suggest that the fungivorous nematodes may play a leading role in the disease control, and that the activity of the fungivorous nematodes may be activated by T. harzianum, but inhibited by T. koningii and T.virens.