• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.141-152
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• 1995

This study was performed to find out the influences of ethanol on the metabolism of trichloroethylene(TRI) in rats. TRI in corn oil at the dosage of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg was injected peritoneally once a day for two days to two groups. In one group ethanol(4 g/kg) was taken orally 30 minutes before TRI injection, and the other group ethanol was not. The results of experiments are as follows: 1. The contents of cytochrome P-450 and $b_5$ had inverse relationship with in-jected TRI amounts in both groups. 2. The activity of NADPH P-450 reductase was decreased slowly in TRI injected group related with TRI amount, but decreased drastically in the group pretreated with ethanol. 3. The activity of NADH $b_5$ reductase had relationship with injected nt amount , but the statistical significance was found only in the groups of 300 and 600 mg/kg of TRI injected without relevance to ethanol when compared with the group that was not injected. 4. The activity of ADH was more decreased and ALDH activity was more increased in groups that TRI injected and ethanol was pretreated with ethanol groups than in group without any treatment. These results suggest that ethanol may inhibit epoxide formulation, the first step of TRI metabolism, and change from TCE-OH to TCA also.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2005

There are wide variations in the definition and functions of tri-jiao among investigators in the area of Chinese medicine. Given a wide spectrum of views, it is difficult to identify uniform opinions about the definition and functions of tri-jiao. This paper is intended to clarify the meaning of the tri-jiao, which was presented as 'it builds a waterway and serves as the passage for the flow of Shuidao' in ${\ulcorner}\;SuWen\;\cdot\;Linglanbidianlun\;{\lrcorner}$ a classic text of traditional Chinese medicine. Investigators have been divided in their opinions in interpreting this reference; some claim that tri-jiao regulates fluid metabolism in the entire body while others assert that the role of tri-jiao is limited to lower-jiao that controls urination function. However, this does not appear convincing given the description in other texts of ${\ulcorner}\;SuWen\;\cdot\;Linglanbidianlun\;{\lrcorner}$, in which functions of 12 organs were explained in a summarized manner. The assumption that the role of tri-jiao is closely linked with lower-jiao seems to have deviated from the meaning of the original texts. Besides, fluid metabolism involves the entire body, and any pathological changes caused by disorders of fluid metabolism can affect any part of the body, not only the lower area of the body cavity. The phrase, 'passage for the flow of Shuidao,' expressed in the texts of ${\ulcorner}\;SuWen\;\cdot\;Linglanbidianlun\;{\lrcorner}$ is likely to mean that body fluid is also distributed and transported to the whole body along with primordial-Qi via tri-jiao. The phrase, 'passage for the flow of Shuidao' means that tri-jiao is involved in regulating body fluid metabolism and that it plays an important role in fluid distribution.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

Nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are predominant Fusarium-producing mycotoxins found in grains, which are mainly produced by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. NIV is found in most of cereals grown in Korea, but the genetic basis for NIV production by F. asiaticum has not been extensively explored. In this study, 12 genes belonging to the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster were compared at the transcriptional level between two NIV-producing F. asiaticum and four DON-producing F. graminearum strains. Chemical analysis revealed that time-course toxin production patterns over 14 days did not differ between NIV and DON strains, excluding F. asiaticum R308, which was a low NIV producer. Both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Northern analysis revealed that the majority of TRI gene transcripts peaked at day 2 in both NIV and DON producers, which is 2 days earlier than trichothecene accumulation in liquid medium. Comparison of the gene expression profiles identified an NIV-specific pattern in two transcription factor-encoding TRI genes (TRI6 and TRI10) and TRI101, which showed two gene expression peaks during both the early and late incubation periods. In addition, the amount of trichothecenes produced by both DON and NIV producers were correlated with the expression levels of TRI genes, regardless of the trichothecene chemotypes. Therefore, the reduced production of NIV by R308 compared to NIV or DON by the other strains may be attributable to the significantly lower expression levels of the TRI genes, which showed early expression patterns.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.237-239
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• 1997

The effects of trichloroethylene (TRI) on the induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and several other related enzymes in Sprague Dawley rats were investigated Rats were treated with TRI 150. 300. 600 mg/kg body weight in corn oil intra peritoneally once a day for 2 days. The total contents of microsomal CYP and cytochrome $b_5\;(b_5)$ decreased with the increase of TRI concentration. but the activity of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase increased with the increase of TRI dosage (p<0.05). Western blot analysis which utilized monoclonal antibodies against CYP2E1 also showed a significant increase in the CYP2E band density. The increase of the activity of pentoxyresolufin-O-deethylase also was observed with the TRI treatment (p<0.05) although there was no significant increase in the cytochrome CYP2B1/2 in Western blotting The TRI did not affect the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. These findings suggest that the CYP2E1 is the primary enzyme which could be induced by TRI treatment in rats.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1994

Chloral hydrate(CH), an intermediate metabolite of trichloroethylene(TRI) is reduced to trichloroethanol(TCE-OH), and is oxidized to trichloroacetic acid(TCA) by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)-dependent enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) in liver. This study was performed to find out the change of activity of ADH and ALDH with increasing amount of TRI. Intraperitoneal injection of TRI were done to the male Sprague Dawely rats(mean body weight, $170{\pm}10g$) in com oil at the dosage of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg for 2 days. The results of experiments are following : 1. The contents of xenobiotic metabolic enzymes in liver are tended to be decreased with increasing amount of, but not significantlly (p>0.05). 2. Activity of ADH in microsome is decreased(p<0.05), and activity of ALDH is increased with amount of TRI(P<0.05). 3. Total trichloro-compounds(TTC) concentration in urine are increased with amount of TRI, but the ratio of between the TCE-OH and the TCA were not shown any critical change. These results suggests that the ALDH in microsome may be related to metabolism of TRI, but ADH was nothing less than the effected to metabolism of TRI.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 1999

In X-ray stress measurements for uni-directionally deformed surfaces such as grinding, a strongly curved $sin^2{\Psi} diagram, so called $\Psi-splitter, has been observed recently. It has been known that this is caused by the residual shear stress induced in the deformed layer by external forces. In this case it is necessary to consider this enough for ceramics and composite materials with tri-axial stress analysis. However, sufficient studies have not been done about the tri-axial stress analysis of the macro stress and micro. stress on each phase of the composite materials. The result of obtaining is as follows. 1. $\Psi-splitter does not appear in the vertical direction though $\Psi-splitter appears in grinding direction in WC-Co cemented carbides. The reversal of $\Psi-splitter to each phase does not appear. 2. $\Psi-splitter caused in WC-Co cemented carbides has a close relation in dislocation which accumulates in WC phase and phase transformation caused in Co phase. 3. The residual stress on the surface of grinding of each phase is in the state of the compression stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.613-617
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• 2000

p-(2-Vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (4a), methyl p-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (4b), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (5a), methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(2'-vinyloxy-ethoxy) benzylidenecyanoacetate (5 b), o-(2 -vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (6a), methyl o-(2-viny-Ioxyethoxy) benzylidenecyanoacetate (6b), 1,3-di-(2',2'-dicyanovinyl)-5-methyl-2-(2'-vinyloxyetioxy)benzene (7a), l,3-di-(2'-carbomethoxy-2'-cyanovinyl)-5-methyl-2-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzene (7b), 2,3,4-tri-(2'-viny-Ioxyethoxy) benzylidenemalononitrile (8a), methyl 2,3,4-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (8b), 2,4,6-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (9a), and methyl 2,4,6-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzyl-idenecyanoacetate(9b) were prepared by the condensation of the corresponding benzaldehyde 1-3 with malononitrile or methyl cyanoacetate, respectively. Vinyl ether monomers 4, 6, and 8 polymerized readily with radical initiators to yield crosslinked polymers 10, 12, and 14. However, compounds 5, 7, and 9 were inert to radical initiators due to the steric hindrance. The resulting polymers 10, 12, and 14 were not soluble in common solvents showing a thermal stability up to $300^{\circ}C$.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1998

Test plants with 10 days old primary leaves were indouclated by shaking infected seedlings with sporulating colonies over them in an inoculation room under the conditions of 20$\pm$1 $^{\circ}C$ with constant illumination of 2.500 lux and 100% realtive humidity. A seeding reaction of 4 days after inoculation appreared in the trisomic types as opposed to Tri-5B line had been symtoms of a fungus 3 days after inoculation. The infection types of 8 days after inoculation were recognized with higher susceptibility to each trisomics in A genomie than B-genome. Tri-2A line showed less condium and there appeared symptoms of a conditions of mottle and formed papilla, and haustorium was not formed. However, Tri-5B line had much condium one overall leaves and showed a symtom like necrosis compared with normal plant. Moreover, Tri-5B line showed high sensitivity and high germination number of condium. These results inferred that resistant gene located on 2A chromosome and susceptibility gene is located on the chromosome 5B.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) filaments were treated in binary mixtures of organic solvents such as benzyl alcohol/perchloroethylene(BA/PER), benzyl alcohol/trichloroethylene(BA/TRI), benzyl alcohol/ethylene chloride(BA/EC), methanol/perchloroethylene (ME/PER), and methanol/trichloroethylene(ME/TRI). From the equilibrium swelling of PET, total and partial isotherms of PET for sorption of solvent mixtures and isotherms for distribution of the components between the phases were taken. Also the shrinkage and the crystallinity of PET treated with binary mixtures were investigated. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. All isotherms for distribution of the components between the phase deviated from the diagonal in system of PET-binary mixtures. Especially in the binary mixtures of ME/PER or ME/TRI, selectivo sorption of chlorinated hydrocarbon PER and TRI by PET occured. 2. The shrinkage of PET treated in binary mixrures was increased to compare with single solvent-treated, but the composition of binary mixtures corresponding to maximum values of shrinkage was not always agreed with the composition of binary mixtures corresponding to maximum values of shrinkage was not always agreed with the composition of binary mixtures exhibiting of the maximum swelling of PET. 3. The crystallinity of PET treated in binary mixtures generally increased than that of single solvent-treated.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2083-2088
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• 2015

The transient characteristics of the tri-axial High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) power cable are different from those of a conventional power cable depending on whether the cable is under a steady or transient state due to the quench. Verification using simulation tools is required to confirm both the characteristics of the cable and the effect of the cable when it is applied to a real utility. However, a component for the cable has not been provided in simulation tools; thus the RTDS-based model component of the tri-axial HTS power cable was developed, and a simulation was performed under the transient state. The considered properties of model component include resistance, reactance and temperature. Simulation results indicate the variation of HTS power cable condition. The results are used for the transient characteristic analysis and stability verification of the tri-axial HTS power cable. In the future, the RTDS-based model component of the cable will be used to implement the hardware-in-the-loop simulation with a protection device.