• Title/Summary/Keyword: Trehalose

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Properties of Crude Trehalase from Agaricus bisporus (양송이 중의 조(粗) Trehalase의 분리와 그 성질)

  • Lee, Seung-In;Kim, Byung-Mook
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.209-214
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    • 1986
  • In order to study the trehalase (EC 3. 2. 1. 28) from mushroom, Agaricus bisporus Lange Sing., the crude trehalase preparation was separated by fractionation of mushroom extracts with ammonium sulfate between 0.4 and 1.0 saturation, and its properties were examined. Mushroom trehalase showed optimum pH 6.0, and optimum temperature $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable at pH range between 5.0 and 7.0, and at temperature below $50^{\circ}C$. The activities of crude trehalase had proportional relations with enzyme concentrations below 490.2 mg % of protein and with substrate concentration below $2.6{\times}10^{-3}M$, showing a Km value of 0.760 mM. The enzyme was inhibited by some metal ions such as $Sn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$, while $Ag^{+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ demonstrated remarkable increasing effects on the enzyme activity.

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Identification of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus of swine, poultry and bovine origin with the API STAPH system (API STAPH system을 이용한 돼지, 닭 및 소유래 Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus의 동정)

  • Park, Cheong-kyu
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.657-663
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    • 1996
  • The API STAPH system was compared with conventional methods for identification of 214 strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from cases of exudative epidermitis in piglets, skin of healthy pigs, skin of healthy chickens and bovine intramammary infections, and biochemical characteristics among the swine, avian and bovine strains were also compared. All of the swine and bovine strains produced acid within 24 hours from fructose, lactose and trehalose by conventional methods, but some of the avian strains showed a delayed positive reaction in these carbohydrates. These delayed positive strains in conventional methods gave usually negative results for them in the API STAPH system. With the API STAPH system, eighteen different profile numbers were encountered in 214 strains of swine, avian and bovine origin. The swine and bovine strains, respectively, were distributed among 4 profiles, while the avian strains were distributed among 17 profiles. The profile number observed most frequently in the strains of each animal species was uniformly 6 516 153. By conventional methods, approximately 96% of the swine strains were positive for ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, but not in any strains from chickens and cattle. For hyaluronidase production determined by degradation of sodium hyaluronidate in a solid culture medium, all the swine and bovine strains were positive, but only 37.5% of the avian strains were positive for it. From these findings, there were differences in the production of extracellular active substances between swine strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus and those isolated from chickens and cattle.

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Current Application of Embryo Cryopreservation for Farm Animals (가축 수정란 동결보존의 최근 이용방법)

  • 석호봉
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 1989
  • This paper reviews the most important steps that have generated consistent progress in principles and developmental progress of embryo cryopreservation, and also study on freezing procedure and its application by conventional method and current improved method for freezing procedure and its appilcation of embryo cryopreservation in farm animals. Four were of particular interest: 1.The transport of water across the ccli membrane (zona pellucida) during freezing and thawing accordinglyplays a role in determing whether the celi survives. This movement of water is controlied mainly by extracellular phase changes and by the nature and concentration of any cryoprotective agent present. Therates of cooling, freezing and warming, and the intervals over which they are applied are further decisi've factors in determining whether a cryopreservation procedure allows survival after thawing. 2.The first successful deep freezing experiments with sheep morula and blastocysts during the seventies were based on the early procedures used for mouse embryos.Current research during the eighties is developed with the aim of simplifying and improving current procedures such as one-step dilution and rapid or ultra-rapid cooling by using the model of laboratory animals. 3.The conventional method for the embryo cryopreservation is described. An alternative to this method which may result in high survival and also in reducing of the freezing and thawing time is done by combing a permeable cryoprotectant such as glycerol, DMSO or propanediol and a non-permeable compound such as sucrose, trehalose, raffinose or lactose. 4.Finally a different approach to the preservation of embryos, named vitrification, is introduced. This procedure depends upon the ability of concentrated solutions of cryoprotective agents such as glycerol and propanediol to supercool to very low temperature (-196$^{\circ}C$) during rapid cooling before solidifying without formation of ice. However, more complete data are necessary for successful vitrification of blastocysts.

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Studies on the Biological Properties of Nocardia Brasiliensis Isolated from Pus (Nocardia brasiliensis의 분리(分離) 및 생물학적(生物學的) 성상(性狀)에 관(關)하여)

  • Suk, Jong-Sung;Lee, Jae-Chul;Lee, Sung-Hoon
    • The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 1975
  • The majority of Nocardial infections reported in North America areIN. ;asteroides while those in Latin America are N. brasiliensis species. Infection with N. brasiliensis, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported in Korea. The auther isolated one strain of Nocardia brasiliensis from the abscess of right bottock of 23 month old female leukemic patient who was treated with methotrixate for five months at the Seoul National University Hospital. The morphological characteristics and biological properties were similar with the R.E. Gordon's description. The results are summarized as follow: 1. After 5 days incubation on Sabouroud's glucose agar, the acid fast character appeared partially. 2. Tyrosine, casein and urea were decomposed by 7 days incubation both at room temperature and at $37^{\circ}C$. 3. Sod, citrate and sod. acetate were utilized at $22^{\circ}C\;and\;37^{\circ}C$ after 28 days incubation while the sod. benzoate utilization was negative. 4. The survival range of temperature was from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;40^{\circ}C$. 5. Dulcitol, galactose, glycerol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose fermentations were not observed up to 28 days, while the fermentation of glucose and inositol were positive.

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Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test of Mannheimia haemolytica from slaughtered cattle (도축우에서 Mannheimia haemolytica의 분리 및 항생제 감수성검사)

  • Byun, Jae-Won;Kim, Kyoung-Ho;Lee, Seoung-Whan;Lee, Hye-Wha;Lee, Jung-In;Hwang, Hyun-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to identify and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility for Mannheimuia haemolytical which is responsible for shipping fever. Samples were collected from nasal and lung of 100 adult healthy cattle which are slaughtered in Samsung meat corporation located in Incheon metropolitan city. lung lesion index have been investigated within 0-5 range according to Shewen and Willkie(Can J Vet Res 52:30-36, 1988). Eighty-seven of 100 cattle were under normal condition with 0-1 ranges. A total of 129 strains were collected from blood and tryptic soy agar. Among these strains, 100 strains were identified with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and enterobacteria containing E coli. Biochemical and fermentation assay of arabinose, trehalose, xylose, mannose, mannitol, lactose and salicin were tested to identify with Mannheimia sp. for 7 strains shown haemolytic activity on blood agar. Five strains were identified with Mannheimia haemolytica and 2 strains were untyped. In seasonal survey, Mannheimia sp recovered from fall to winter(5 of 7) have been highly isolated rather than those from spring to summer(2 of 7). Mannheimiz haemolytica were susceptible to antibacterials tested in this study but more resistant to oxytetracycline and streptomycin.

Changes of characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium isolate following sequential exposures to porcine neutrophil (Salmonella Typhimurium의 돼지 호중구내 연속노출에 따른 특성변화)

  • Lee, Hee-Soo;Kim, Aeran;Youn, Min;Lee, Ji-Youn;Lim, Suk-Kyung;Kang, Ho-Young;Yoo, Han Sang;Park, Jung-Won;Wee, Sung-Hwan;Jung, Suk-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2013
  • To develop a live vaccine candidate using an attenuated strain of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), biochemical properties, plasmid profile, PFGE patterns and pathogenic analysis of the ST isolate were carried out after sequential passage of the ST isolate in porcine neutrophils. By the passage, the ability of the neutrophil-adapted isolate to utilize d-xylose was lost, while the ability of the strain to ferment trehalose was delayed after 2 or more days of the culture. Also, changes including deletion of the gene fragments were observed in PFGE analysis of the neutrophil-adapted isolates. Two plasmids, 105kb and 50kb, were cured in the strain passaged over 15 times in porcine neutrophils. The 50% of lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of the parent strain was changed from $1{\times}10^5\;LD_{50}$ to $6{\times}10^6\;LD_{50}$ by the passage in intraperitoneal injection of the strains into mice. These results suggested that bacterial genotypic and phenotypic responses might be globally altered depending on the inside environment of neutrophils.

내열설 전분다 전환효소: 이성화효소 및 트레할로스 합성효소

  • 고석훈;박병철;이대실
    • Food Industry And Nutrition
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.7-9
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    • 1997
  • 내열설 미생물, Thermus caldophilus CK24에 대한 탄수화물 생합성을 연구하는 과정에서 다양한 탄수화물 관련효소를 탐색하고 그레 대한 생화학적 및 분자생물학적 연구를 수행하고 있다. 일차로 내열성 미생물내 1) 당핵산염 합성효소와 당전이 효소, 2) 탄수화물 대사효소. 3)탄수화물 분해 및 전환효소의 존재를 HPLC/Bio-LC분석을 통하여 확인하고 이들에 대한 연구를 진행하고 있다. 본 연구발표에서는 포도당을 과당으로 전환하는 이성화효소(xylose isomerase), 그리고 맥아당을 트레할로스로 전환하는 트레할로스 합성효소(trehalose synthase)를 소개하고저 한다. 이성화효소는 이미 산업적 과당 생산에서 대규모적으로 사용되고 있는 식품산업효소이다. 본 연구에서는 Thermus caldophilus GK24, Thermus thermophilus HB8, Thermus flavus AT62 3종의 내열성 미생물에 대한 이성화효소 유전자를 클로닝 하고, 각 재조합하고 이성화효소를 대량생산하였다. 이 내열성 이성화효소는 최적 반응 온도가 8$0^{\circ}C$이고, 포도당을 과당으로 전환하는 수유른 55%이었다. 이러한 과당전환률은 이미 산업적으로 사용되고 있는 이성화효소의 과당전환률(43%)보다 훨씬 높은 것으로 과당 생산공정의 단순화의 생산성 향상에 결정적인 요인이라 할 수 있다. 한편 본 이성화효소의 산업적 특성을 증대하기 위하여 구조-기능관계 연구를 착수하였다. 우선 내열성 이산화 효소의 입체 구조를 결정하였고, 구조조정에 따른 기능적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 특정 위치의 선택적 변이 연구를 진행하고 있다. 끝으로 포도당 전이 효소를 추적하던 과정에서 맥아당을 트레할로스로 전환하는 새로운 효소를 Thermus caldo-philus GK24에서 발견하였다. 그 트레할로스 합성효소는 분자량이 약 110kDa이고 최적 반응온도가 75$^{\circ}C$이면, 조효소없이 맥아당을 트레할로스로 80%이상 전환해 주는 가역효소이었다. 본 연구에서는 효소반응의 조건과 특성을 조사하였고, 효소 아미노-밀단의 서열결정정보를 통하여 효소의 유전자를 클로닝 하고 그 유전자의 구조와 발현연구를 진행하고 있다.

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Construction of Microbial Fuel Cells Using Thermophilic Microorganisms, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius

  • Choi, Young-Jin;Jung, Eun-Kyoung;Park, Hyun-Joo;Paik, Seung R.;Jung, Seun-Ho;Kim, Sung-Hyun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.813-818
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    • 2004
  • A systematic study of microbial fuel cells comprised of thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius has been carried out under various operating conditions. Substantial amount of electricity was generated when a redox mediator was used. Being affected by operation temperature, the maximum efficiency was obtained at 50$^{\circ}C$ with an open circuit voltage of ca. 0.7 V. While a small change around the optimum temperature did not make much effect on the cell performance, the rapid decrease in performance was observed above 70$^{\circ}C$. It was noticeable that fuel cell efficiency and discharge pattern strongly depended on the kind of carbon sources used in the initial culture medium. In the case of B. thermoglucosidasius, glucose alone was utilized constitutively as a substrate in the microbial fuel cell irrespective of used carbons sources. When B. licheniformis was cultivated with lactose as a carbon source, best charging characteristics were recorded. Trehalose, in particular, showed 41.2% coulombic efficiency when B. thermoglucosidasius was cultured in a starch-containing medium. Relatively good repetitive operation was possible with B. thermoglucosidasius cells up to 12 cycles using glucose as a carbon source, when they were cultured with lactose as an initial carbon source. This study demonstrates that highly efficient thermophilic microbial fuel cells can be constructed by a pertinent modulation of the operating conditions and by carefully selecting carbon sources used in the initial culture medium.

Effects of Curcumin from Turmeric Supplementation in Freezing Buffer on Sperm Motilities and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation (동결보존액에 울금에서 추출한 Curcumin의 첨가가 정자의 운동성과 활성산소 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Eun-Joo;Kim, Dae-Young
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2017
  • In this experiment, we determined the effect of curcumin supplementation in freezing buffer for miniature pig sperm cryopreservation. Each ejaculate was diluted with modified Modena B extender and mixed with lactose-egg yolk (LEY extender, 80% v/v lactose solution [310 mM], 20% v/v egg yolk, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ kanamycin sulfate) and LEY-glycerol Orvus ES Paste (LEYGO, 89.5% v/v LEY, 5% v/v glycerol, 1.5% v/v Orvus ES Paste), 100 mM trehalose supplemented with 0, 10, 50, 100, and $500{\mu}M$ of curcumin from turmeric, respectively. Following equilibration, the 0.5 mL French straws were frozen and plunged into $LN_2$ tank for 7 days at least. Sperm parameter and oxidative byproducts were determined by the computer assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as compared with each groups. Supplementation of curcumin had no effect on sperm motility, progressive motility and curvilinear velocity. However, average-path velocity and straight-line velocity were significantly higher in $10{\mu}M$ curcumin group ($100.9{\pm}8.8{\mu}m/s$, $61.7{\pm}2.9{\mu}m/s$, respectively) than control group ($77.8{\pm}3.9{\mu}m/s$, $46.4{\pm}3.0{\mu}m/s$, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of the O2 radical and H2O2 were comparatively decreased in curcumin groups by evaluation of ethidium and DCF fluorescence. According to the results, curcumin can improve sperm kinetic variables and alleviate ROS induced cryoinjury to pig sperm.

Use of Food-Grade Protective Agents to Improve the Viability of Freeze-Dried Lactic Acid Bacteria (유산균 생존율 향상을 위한 식품첨가물 등급의 동결보호제 탐색)

  • Gwak, Hyun Jung;Lee, Na Ra;Kim, Tae-Woon;Lee, Jong-Hee;Choi, Hak-Jong;Jang, Ja Young;Park, Hae Woong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.655-659
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    • 2014
  • Food-grade protective agents, namely, skim milk, yeast extract, soy powder, and trehalose, were studied for their ability to improve the viability of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Weissella cibaria SW1-1, Lactobacillus plantarum A-1, Lactobacillus sakei 2-12 24, and Leuconostoc citreum 3526. The best results were obtained with 10% soy powder; approximately 90% cell viability was observed during the freeze-drying process. Increase in the concentration of soy powder did not cause a proportional increase in the survival rate of LAB. Further, no significant difference was observed when two agents were combined in a 1:1 ratio (p<0.05).