• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2011

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a pathogen of a variety of infections in horse. We studied biochemical and molecular characteristics of S. zooepidemicus isolated from the genital tract of Thoroughbred mares in Korea. Seventy-nine isolates were identified as S. zooepidemicus by biochemical and PCR method from 374 horses. The biochemical characteristics of S. zooepidemicus isolates were positive reaction of lactose and sorbitol. However, S. zooepidemicus isoltes were negative reaction of inulin, mannitol, raffinose, trehalose, aesculin hydrolysis, growth in 6.5% NaCl and variable reaction of maltose. Epidemiological investigations of S. zooepidemicus isolates were performed by fragment analysis of SzP (S. zooepidemicus protective protein) gene, CNE (collagen binding protein) gene and ISR (16s rRNA intergenic spacer region) gene using ABI Prism $3,130{\times}1$ Genetic Analyzer System. All isolates were shown single amplification size of 906 bp in CNE gene, but SzP and ISR gene were shown variable patterns of fragment size. The characteristics of S. zooepidemicus investigated in this study will be very useful for the prevention of infection and the studies of epidemiologic characteristics of S. zooepidemicus, causing the severe economic losses due to reproductive failures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.99-102
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• 2007

To prepare freeze-dried ascorbyl palmitate (AsP)-containing liposome which can protect the drug from moisture attack and be used instantly by mixing with water for anti-aging and skin whitening therapy, AsP was encapsulated into liposomes and freeze-dried with trehalose. The freeze-dried liposome formulations were characterized by measuring water contents, particle size, time required for complete reconstitution. With the freeze-dried liposomes, we performed the stability test under accelerated conditions, skin permeation and localization test. The measurement of the time to perfect reconstitution showed that the freeze-dried liposomes can be changed to their initial state rapidly and short term stability test of AsP in reconstituted liposomes under accelerated conditions confirmed that the stability of AsP was considerably enhanced as compared to freshly prepared liposomes. The skin permeation and localization properties of AsP in reconstituted liposomes were not significantly different, indicating that the liposomal structures were maintained before and after freezedrying. In conclusion, the freeze-drying method provided a possible way to overcome the instability issue of AsP induced by the moisture and reproduced similar skin permeation and localization properties as shown by freshly prepared liposomes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.603-611
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• 2018

Triglyceride homeostasis is a key process of normal development and is essential for the maintenance of energy metabolism. Dysregulation of this process leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. Here, we report a novel function of the Drosophila flightless-I (fliI) gene in lipid metabolism. Drosophila fliI mutants were resistant to starvation and showed increased levels of triglycerides in the fat body and intestine, whereas fliI overexpression decreased triglyceride levels. These flies suffered from metabolic stress indicated by increased levels of trehalose in hemolymph and enhanced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha ($eIF2{\alpha}$). Moreover, upregulation of triglycerides via a knockdown of fliI was reversed by a knockdown of desat1 in the fat body of flies. These results indicate that fliI suppresses the expression of desat1, thereby inhibiting the development of obesity; fliI may, thus, serve as a novel therapeutic target in obesity and metabolic diseases.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1996

맥류세균성 줄무늬병균의 선택배양기(KM-1)를 개발하여 이병식물체 및 토양으로부터 Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens를 선택적으로 분리할 수 있는 효율성을 검토하였다. KM-1배양기의 구성성분은 증류수 1 L당 lactose 10 g, D(+)trehalose 4.0 g, thiobarbituric acid 0.2 g, K\ulcornerHPO\ulcorner 및 KH\ulcornerPO\ulcorner 각각 0.8 g, yeast extract 30 mg, NH\ulcornerCl 1 g, cycloheximide 100 mg, tobramycin 8.0 mg, ampicillin 1.0 mg 및 Bacto agar 15 g이며 1 N NaOH로 pH 6.6으로 조절하였다. X. c. t.의 균주별 KM-1의 배양효율은 비선택성 농후배지인 Wilbrinks agar에 비하여 1.30정도였으며, 기타 토양전염성식물병원세균 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora, Corynebacterium insidiosum, 및 기타 토양생존 부생세균 Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida 등의 생장을 완벽하게 억제하였다. KM-1의 저장기간(shelf-life)도 5$^{\circ}C$에서 2개월 동안 선택성을 유지하였다. 따라서 본 병원균의 전염원의 생존 등 발생생태연구에 활용될 수 있는 가치가 충분히 인정되었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

In order to develop a good separation and simultaneous analysis of different sugar in an artificial mixed sugar solution, we analyzed 10 sugar components in an artificial mixed sugar solution composed of fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, maltose, lactose, xylose, xylitol erythritol, and trehalose with using HPLC-ELSD or HPLC-RI. Separation and quantification by HPLC-ELSD was superior to those by HPLC-RI and detection sensitivity by HPLC-ELSD was higher then that by HPLC-RI as micorgram($\mu\textrm{g}$) level. 1. The units of minimal detectable limits were showed $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and ng/$m\ell$ by the HPLC-RI and HPLC-ELSD, respectively. 2. The condition of ELSD was drift tube temperature $82^{\circ}C$, $N_2$ gas flow rate 2.10 SLPM, and colum oven temperature $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Isolation and recovery rates of single sugar from the multiple sugar solution was higher at the condition (time: flow rate: D.W.:ACN MeOH, min : $m\ell$/min:v:v:v) of linear gradient elution of mobile phase as 0 : 1.00 : 15 : 85 : 0.1 : 1.00 : 6 : 90 : 4, 17 : 1.00 : 10 : 70 : 20, 28 : 1.00 : 15 : 85 : 0 an 35 : 1.00 : 15 : 85 : 0, in order.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.497-504
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• 1995

Isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus from the skin of healthy chickens was performed and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were examined. Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus was isolated from 129(14.8%) of 874 healthy chickens. The rate of isolation of this organism from chickens was found to vary depending upon the poultry farms at the isolation rate of 0% to 38.7% and this organism was isolated more frequently from adult chickens of over 1 year old than young chickens. All of the isolates were negative for haemolysis on rabbit, sheep, pig and chicken blood agars, protein A and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, but positive for coagulase using pig plasma, heat-stable DNase, phosphatase and Tween 80 hydrolysis. Hyaluronidase was positive in 97.7% of isolates, but their reaction was weaker than that of swine strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus. The isolates were biotyped on the basis of the reactions for protease, urease, nitrate, galactose, trehalose and lactose, and 11 biotypes were found among the 129 isolates of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1987

Authors studied on the isolation of V. damsela from sea water, fish and shellfish at the Keoje Hae keumkang on the southern sea and at Hongdo island and Heucksan island on the western sea of Korea from May to September in 1986. Authors investigated for the isolated strains to bacteriological identification, hemolysis about various erythrocytes and antibiotic susceptibilities. The results obtained were as follows: 1. V. damsela was isolated 14 strains from total 383 specimens; 233 cases of sea water, 40 cases of fish and 110 cases of shellfish, respectively. Eight strains were isolated from sea water and 6 strains were isolated from shellfish. 2. The biochemical characteristics which differentiate it from other Vibrio species were indole negative, ornithine negative, Voges-Proskauer positive, arginine positive, galactose positive, glucose positive, maltose positive, mannose positive, trehalose positive, and growth in nutrient broth with 1% to 6% NaCl. 3. On hemolysis reaction on blood agar media using human, rabbit and guinea pig erythrocytes, human erythrocytes were 11 strain positive, rabbit erythrocytes were 12 strain positive and guinea pig erythrocytes were 13 strain positive. 4. Senistivity test using with chemotherapeutic agents of "BioLab" Microbial Sensitivity Test Discs were generally sensitived to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, methicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin, respectively, but were resistant to lincomycin.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2000

Microbial fuel cells comprising the microorganism P. vulgaris, thionin as a mediator, and various mono- and disaccharides in an anodic compartment have been developed. A cathodic compartment containing a Pt electrode and Fe$(CN)_6^{3-}$ was separated from an anode by the Nafion membrane. From absorbance-time measurements, it was found that the absorbance of thionin was not altered by the addition of P. vulgaris, even in the presence of sugars. However, thionin was effectively reduced when P. vulgaris was present. These results differ substantially from the case of safranine O, a phenazine-derivative, indicating that thionin takes up electrons during the metabolic oxidation processes of carbohydrates. Maximum fuel cell efficiency was observed at 37 $^{\circ}C$, optimum temperature for the growth of P. vulgaris, and 0.5 V cell voltage was obtained, which indicates that the metabolism of the microorganism directly affects the efficiency. Thionin concentration was closely related to cell performance. When the charging-discharging characteristics were tested with glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, and trehalose as carbon sources, galactose was found to give the highest coulombic efficiency. Cell performance was almost fully recovered with only small degradation when glucose and sucrose were used in the repetitive operation. Current was maintained nearly twice as long for sucrose than in the case of glucose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Saline soils comprise more than half a billion hectares worldwide. Thus, they warrant attention for their efficient, economical, and environmentally acceptable management. Halophytes are being progressively utilized for human benefits. The halophyte microbiome contributes significantly to plant performance and can provide information regarding complex ecological processes involved in the osmoregulation of halophytes. Microbial communities associated with the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere of halophytes play an important role in plant health and productivity. Members of the plant microbiome belonging to domains Archaea, Bacteria, and kingdom Fungi are involved in the osmoregulation of halophytes. Halophilic microorganisms principally use compatible solutes, such as glycine, betaine, proline, trehalose, ectoine, and glutamic acid, to survive under salinity stress conditions. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance plant growth and help to elucidate tolerance to salinity. Detailed studies of the metabolic pathways of plants have shown that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria contribute to plant tolerance by affecting the signaling network of plants. Phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase biosynthesis, exopolysaccharides, halocins, and volatile organic compounds function as signaling molecules for plants to elicit salinity stress. This review focuses on the functions of plant microbiome and on understanding how the microorganisms affect halophyte health and growth.

• BioChip Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2018

Contamination by pesticides is an everincreasing problem associated with fields of environmental management and healthcare. Accordingly, appropriate treatments are in demand. Pesticide detection methods have been researched extensively, aimed at making the detection convenient, fast, cost-effective, and easy to use. Among the various detecting strategies, paper-based assay is potent for real-time pesticide sensing due to its unique advantages including disposability, light weight, and low cost. In this study, a paper-based sensor for chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide, has been developed by layering three sheets of patterned plates. In colorimetric quantification of pesticides, the blue color produced by the interaction between acetylcholinesterase and indoxyl acetate is inhibited by the pesticide molecules present in the sample solutions. With the optimized paper-based sensor, the pesticide is sensitively detected (limit of detection =8.60 ppm) within 5min. Furthermore, the shelf life of the device is enhanced to 14 days after from the fabrication, by treating trehalose solution onto the deposited reagents. We expect the paper-based device to be utilized as a first-screening analytic device for water quality monitoring and food analysis.