• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore the health and illness concepts of hospitalized children. The subjects were 129 hospitalized children from 3 to 12 years old in one general hospital. Data were collected through semistructured interviews by authors. This study was conducted from Jun. 1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2000. Data were coded and categorized by content analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concept were physical well-being, food, exercise, powerfulness, emotional stability, obeidence, cleanliness, sleep and ability of social adaptation. 2. Perceived health behavior to maintain health were food, treatment, exercise, cleanliness, obeidence, sleep, emotional stability, power-fulness and psychological stability, physical well-being. 3. Perceived prevention of illness were food, cleanliness, treatment, exercise, obedience, sleep, powerfulness, psychological stability, emotional stability, recreation and ability of social adaptation. 4. Perceived causes of illness were illness, trauma and food. 5. Perceived treatment of illness were treatment, sleep, rest, food, obedience, emotional stability, psychological stability, cleanliness, exercise and powerfulness.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1999

The effects of heat treatment on the dimensional stability and bending properties of radiata pine sapwood were investigated. The dimensional stability was almost achieved by heat treatment though the loss of strength was accompanied as a negative effect. The improvement in dimensional stability of wood and the resultant reduction in bending properties were closely related to treatment temperature and duration. The optimum treatment conditions, which could be used to achieve a desired improvement in dimensional stability with resultant losses in modulus of rupture were proposed based on the results obtained in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the dimensional stability of bentwoods by three treatments: steaming, urethane varnish coating, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. Bentwood processing employed a bending-jig with only 4 cm radius of curvature (ROC). The used species were bitter wood (Picrasma quassioides), painted maple (Acer mono), and birch (Betula schmidtiii). The bending properties of these are well-known in bentwood production (Jung et al., 2002). The bentwoods were treated repeated at room temperature [20℃, RH 80% (12 hours) and 40℃ under RH 10% (12 hours)]. To estimate the dimensional stability of bentwoods, we measured the radius of curvature and end-distance. The best results could be attained with PEG treatment. Steaming was the worst treatment. Comparing the properties of the different species, the dimensional stability of bitter wood was excellent. It was concluded that the steaming treatment was unsuitable for dimensional stability of bentwoods.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2007

This study was carried out to assess the dimensional stability of wood material treated by plastic processing for bentwood and compression wood. The evaluation method was different between two wood materials, but the treatments for them were very similar to each other. One of the main methods is heat treatment with sufficient water vapor. In bentwood, the used species were painted maple (Acer mono), bitter wood (Picrasma quassioides) and birch (Betula schmidtii). Steaming was the worst treatment method for dimensional stabilization of bentwood. The best results could be attained with PEG treatment for dimensional stabilization of bentwood. Dimensional stability of bitter wood was found to be conspicuous. However the steaming treatment at lower temperatures, i.e., about $130^{\circ}C$ was not suitable for dimensional stability of bentwood. In compression wood, the used specimen was Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana). Two heat compressive pressing conditions, an open-press system and an air-tighten closed-press system, were used. The recovery rate was measured after boiling and/or absorbing in water to estimate the dimensional stability of heat compressed wood. The best dimensional stability of compressed wood in the air-tighten closed-press system was found to be better at $200^{\circ}C$ than $180^{\circ}C$. The best compression rate for dimensional stability was 73 percent.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Fast-grown wood generally contains a high proportion of juvenile wood that results in inferior dimensional stability and durability against biological deteriorations. In the present research, the Acacia mangium wood from plantation forests in Vietnam was treated with high temperature in air. The effects of heat treatment on physical properties of Acacia mangium wood, including mass loss (ML), water absorption (WA), water-repellent effectiveness (WRE) and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) were examined. The results showed that the dimensional stability and the water-repellent effectiveness are increased by about 15-46% and 8-18%, respectively. However, the mass and dimension of wood are decreased. The results also indicated that both treatment temperature and treatment duration significantly affect the wood properties of Acacia mangium. It is thus concluded that heat treatment demonstrates an interesting potential to improve the wood quality of Acacia mangium for solid timber products. This technology provides an environmentally safe method of protecting sustainable common woods to give a new generation of value-added biomaterials with increased stability without the use of toxic chemicals.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.2-8
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the reasonable condition for better dimensional stability in woods by polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment. Eight species grown in Kangwon-do were used for this study. Three species of softwoods(Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Larix kaempferi) and two species of hardwoods(Prunus sargentii, Populus tomentiglandulosa) treated with 30% aqueous solution of PEG 1000 showed good dimensional stability under the treatment for 1 day. The dimensional stability of Betula davurica, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis woods increased with increasing treatment time. From the above results, it was concluded that PEG penetration and dimensional stability were affected by characteristics of wood species such as density and structure.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating was studied to be a good tribological problem-solver due to its low friction characteristics and high hardness. However, generally hydrogenated DLC film has shown a weak thermal stability above $300^{\circ}C$. However, the silicon doping DLC process by DC pulse plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the new DLC coating which has a good characterization with thermal stability at high temperature itself has been observed. And we were discussed a process for optimizing silicon content to promote a good thermal stability using various tetramethylsilane (TMS) and methane gas at high-temperature. The chemical compositions of silicon-containing DLC film was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after heat treatment. Raman spectrum analysis showed the changed structure on the surface after the high-temperature exposure testing. In particular, the hardness of silicon-containing DLC film showed different values before and after the annealing treatment.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare wage treatment and the employment environment of school foodservice employees before and after conversion to indefinite contract status since September 2012 when the Ordinance on the Appointment of Education Officials (indefinite contract) under the Gangwon Provincial Superintendent of Education was applied as well as to examine the effects of wage treatment and the employment environment on job stability. The questionnaire survey was conducted from March 31 to April 10, 2017 for school foodservice employees working at 97 schools in Gangwon province. A total of 477 questionnaires were distributed and 470 questionnaires were used for the analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Window Ver.18.0. The detailed results of this study were as follows. First, wage treatment (2.29 vs. 3.16), employment environment (3.45 vs. 4.22) and job stability (1.88 vs. 2.35) revealed significantly positive perceptions after conversion to indefinite contract status compared to before conversion. Second, after analyzing leading factors influencing job stability, it was revealed that wage treatment (before: ${\beta}{\hat{a}}=0.516$, P<0.05; after: ${\beta}{\hat{a}}=0.465$, P<0.05) had a positive (+) effect on job stability, whereas employment environment did not affect job stability. In conclusion, in the context that most school foodservice employees are contract employees, this study is significant in that the changes in the employment policies of the national government and education office were confirmed to have effects on school foodservice employees.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1989

We tend to consider only static occlusion such as molar relationship, canine key, and interdigitation at finishing stage. Of course, this static occlusion is important for post-orthodontic stability. But we should remember that mandible is always on the move during its various functions. If no pressure or too much pressure is put on during its functions, untoward tooth movement could occur. And tooth mobility, periodontitis, wear facet, bruxism, and far worse temporomandibular disorder could occur. After many studies have been done on what is a desirable occlusal scheme to strengthen post-orthodontic stability, today, "mutually protective occlusion" is recommended. If an orthodontist does not have understanding about this occlusal scheme during orthodontic treatment, the following conditions will be resulted after orthodontic treatment. I. Centric discrepancy 1. centric prematurity 2. sunday bite 3. molar fulcrum II. Eccentric discrepancy 1. posterior interference 2. anterior interference If we have deep understanding about these discrepancies that can happen after orthodontic treatment and their causes, corrections, and especially preventions against them, post-orthodontic stability could be strengthened and further temporomandibular disorder could be prevented.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1998

Effects of protein heat treatment and surfactant additionoo the orthokindetic stability of $\beta$-lactoglobulin-stabilized emulsions have been investigated under turbulent flow conditions. In studies on protein-stabilized emulsions, samples which had been subjected to heat treatment(i.e. the protein solution orthe emulsion) have been found to be more prone to orthokinetic coalescene than the untreated ones. The emulsions stabilized with protein heated above the denaturation temperature(i.e. 7$0^{\circ}C$) showed the bigger initial average droplet size, which resulted in an increased orthokinetic coalescenece rate. The storage of the protein-stabilized emulsion at high temperature prior to the shearing experiment also made the emulsion less stable in the shear field. Interestingly. the addition of DATEM has been found to produce a substantial increase in orthokinetic stability of the heat-denatured protein-stabilized emulsion system, although Tween 20 is the opposite case.