• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.281-292
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• 2015

For this study, I conducted a survey investigating current situation, user preference, and field experiment. Hospitals utilizing digital sign systems at least five years were selected, which are connected with visual elements (layout, typo, color) used in waiting areas and elements of the systems (time, video time line). The results obtained from the field survey showed that digital sign systems used the color of typo and background contrasted to one another to increase explicitness and to ensure easy understanding of contents. In addition, the Gothic typo with relatively high legibility was adopted. Time and video timeline, which characterize digital sign systems, showed the advertising screens of the hospitals and the guidance of medical treatment at regular intervals. Moreover, survey results on user satisfaction showed that a majority of respondents indicated they had difficulty in understanding digital information conveyed from digital sign systems due to time setting for rotational speed or the small size of typo although most of the users had previous experience with digital sign systems. The highest proportion of respondents (n=86, 86%) answered that information related to medical departments was what they sought most frequently and that this kind of information should be importantly considered in digital sign systems. For the experiment, new samples with restructured contents of current digital sign systems were created and tested while keeping its design unchanged as well as applying these new samples. Study participants were in their 20s through 50s. When the size of typo was larger under the same conditions for all age groups, study participants found the desired information approximately 3.5 seconds faster. In addition, those in their 20-30s and 40-50s showed the time difference of 4.7 seconds for small typo and 6 seconds for large typo, which suggested that there was a difference by age in the amount of time taken in the experiment to find the desired information from the rotating digital sign system regardless of age and the size of typo.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2016

Pinellia tripartita(Blume) Schott is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Araceae and distributed on Asia including of Korea, Japan, and China. P. tripartita is often used for gardening but has not been developed mass-breeding methods. In this study, we compared the tuber growth in different combinations of mixed soils used six compositions. Tubers used to study was cultured in vitro and divided into two groups. Type I was diameter more than 1cm and the group of Type II was diameter below than 1cm. Enlargement of tubers and growth of aerial parts were measuring the plant height, number of fresh leaves and dead leaves, number of bullets, tuber size, and fresh / dry weight. The size/weight and numbers of tubers from the mixed soil B (coir 68.0%, peat moss 14.7%, perlite 3.0%, vermiculite 7.0% and zeolite 7.0%) were the best grown up for eight weeks. In case of Type I, GI (Growth index) of tuber size and weight were 45% and 101%, respectively. The difference of growth was doubled compared to the bad growth treatment as the mixed soil E(Coir 14.3%, peat moss 14.3%, perlite 42.9%, vermiculite 14.3%, and zeolite 14.3%). These results could be used as the basic information for the similar experimental design for the P. ternata.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.498-505
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• 2023

Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus cv Hongyoung, which represents red potato, was developed in Korea. Hongyoung is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor properties, but no research has been conducted on the growth inhibition and apoptosis effects of hongyoung in YD-10B oral cancer cells. In this study, the combined treatment of hongyoung ethanol extract (HEE) and cisplatin were examined to determine its ability to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 cancer metastasis. The cell viability was investigated using a 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium monosodium salt (MTS) assay, and the ability to induce apoptosis was analyzed using an FACS analyzer. The mRNA expression and protein activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured via RT-PCR and zymography. The YD-10B oral cancer cells showed an increase in growth inhibition as the concentration of HEE increased. The combination of 200 µM cisplatin and 500 ㎍/ml HEE reduced the growth of the YD-10B oral cancer cells by more than 50% compared to cisplatin alone. When phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated YD-10B oral cancer cells were co-treated with 200 µM cisplatin and 500 ㎍/ml HEE, both the mRNA expression and protein activity of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased. In addition, the percentage of the sub-G1 phase, which indicates apoptosis ability, more than doubled when treated in combination with 200 µM cisplatin and 500 ㎍/ml HEE than when cisplatin alone was used. The results of this study therefore suggest the possibility of using a combination of HEE and cisplatin in the development of effective drugs to treat oral cancer.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2023

The glass ceramic secondary resource containing Li-Al-Si is used in inductor, fireproof glass, and transparent cookware and accounts for 14% of the total consumption of Li, which is the second most widely used after Li-ion batteries. Therefore, new Li resources should be explored when the demand for Li is exploding, and extensive research on Li recovery is needed. Herein, we recovered Li from fireproof Li-Al-Si glass ceramic, which is a new secondary resource containing Li. The fireproof glass among all Li-Al-Si glass ceramics was used as raw material that contained 1.5% Li, 9.4% Al, and 28.9% Si. The process for recovering Li from the fireproof glass was divided into two parts: (1) calcium salt roasting and (2) water leaching. In calcium salt roasting, a sample of fireproof glass was crushed and ground below 325 mesh. The leaching efficiency was compared based on the presence or absence of heat treatment of the fireproof glass. Moreover, the leaching rates based on the input ratios of calcium salt, Li-Al-Si glass, and ceramics and the leaching process based on calcium salt roasting temperatures were compared. In water leaching, the leaching and recovery rates of Li based on different temperatures, times, solid-liquid ratios, and number of continuous leaching stages were compared. The results revealed that fireproof glass ceramics containing Li-Al-Si should be heat treated to change phase to beta-type spodumene. CaCO₃ salt should be added at a ratio of 6:1 with glass ceramics containing Li-Al-Si, and then leached 4 times or more to achieve a recovery efficiency of Li over 98% from a solution containing 200 mg/L of Li.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.166-177
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• 2022

The Shiveet Khairkhan is located on Tsengel Som in the middle of Bayan-ulgi Aimag in the Altai region. Various remains have been identified, and it has been found to be an important area of the Eurasian steppe. In this study, the characteristics of textile fibers and dyes excavated from the tombs of the 1st~3rd century Xianbei period in the sites of Shiveet Khairkhan, Mongolia were investigated. As a result of analysis using optical microscopic observation and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for fiber identification, green and yellow fabrics were identified as silk fabrics. To investigate the properties of the dye, the surface reflectance of the dyed fabric was measured using an fiber optic reflectance spectrophotometer for non-destructive analysis. The green fabric appeared similar to the reflection spectrum of indigo dye. In addition, as a result of component analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, isatin and indigotine were detected. Isatin and indigotine are characteristic components of indigo dye, and it was found that the green fabric of the tombs of the Xianbei period was dyed using indigo dye. It was difficult to identify the type of dye in the yellow fabric as a result of reflectance spectrum and gas chromatography analysis. Indigo plants are a dye used for blue dyeing from thousands of years ago, and many species are distributed around the world. It was confirmed that the fabric was relatively well preserved and indigo dye was used for the green Jikryeongui (garment with a straight collar) in the ancient tomb of the Xianbei period about 1,800 years ago, even though it was buried for a long time. Scientific investigation of textile cultural heritage is an essential process for conservation treatment, restoration, exhibition, and the creation of a conservation environment. It is expected that related research will be activated in the future and will be helpful in interpreting the living culture at the time, preserving textiles, and a conservation environment.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.180-193
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• 2022

The East Nine Royal Tombs is a representative place in the Royal Tombs of Joseon (a World Heritage Site). It consists of 1,289 stone artifacts including 979 related stone structures, 310 stone statues, and objects. Most of the stone structures in the East Nine Royal Tombs are composed of biotite granite, but some tombs are composed of light red granite. As a result of magnetic susceptibility measurement, the average data from Geonwolleung to Mongneung, excluding Hyeolleung, were similar, so it is estimated that stones were obtained from the same quarry. In the case of Sungneung, Sureung, and Gyeongneung, the range of susceptibility measurement is widely distributed. It assumed that the newly produced stones were mixed in the moving and construction process. Also, stones might be gathered from different quarries. As a result of a conservation status investigation, both the mound member and the ridge stone had the highest damage rate due to peeling and granular decomposition according to surface weathering. In the case of surface discoloration, yellowing and soils were found in the burial mound members. Yellowing, blackening, and soil were identified in the ridge stone structures. Bio-degradation is the major factor of deterioration of the East Nine Royal Tombs and the conservation status of the tombs were detected as grades 4 to 5. It seems that it is easy for the environment of the royal tombs to form soil for the microorganisms and fine conditions for continuous moisture. In the case of structures, they are in relatively good condition. As a result of a comprehensive damage rating for each tomb, the overall condition is good, but the Geonwolleung Royal Tomb and Hyeolleung Tomb, which were created in the early period, had relatively high weathering ratings. Stone objects in East Nine Royal Tombs have lost many pieces and gateway members due to surface deterioration. Also, secondary damage is ongoing. Each damage factor of the stone artifacts of the East Nine Royal Tombs combines to cause various and continuous damages. Therefore, it is necessary to establish regular conservation status data of the stone artifacts for efficient management after processing as well as conservation treatment of the royal tombs, and specific management manuals and systems. This study investigated the conservation status of stone structures in the East Nine Royal Tombs, a World Heritage Site, and systematically classified them to provide priority and necessity for conservation processing. We look forward to establishing a plan for the conservation and management of the East Nine Royal Tombs with this database in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2023

This study aims to identify the cause of the red-water occurrence (the phenomenon of water being red) that occurs at some points and sections of rivers in Yongin City. As a result of conducting a preliminary investigation, total three sites were selected as the investigation point as it was found that the red-water occurrence continued. As a result of the investigation, it is judged that the cause of the red-water in Yongin-city river is due to the soil color and iron content of the region. JPS, SBS, and JJS sites all showed that the color of soil is mainly consist of reddish brown and red-yellow. The average Fe concentration was 13.75 mg/L, 10.85 mg/L, and 1.31 mg/L, for each sites, and considering that the Fe concentration in general river water was less than 0.5 mg/L, it was confirmed that the concentration was quite high. At the JPS and JJS points, the red-water occurrence occurred mainly in stagnant places, which is believed to be strengthened by the reaction of organic and microorganisms. In the case of SBS, the wateris red, but as a result of observing the actual color, it is judged that the iron component deposited in the pipe causes an optical illusion with a deep red color. In addition, it is believed that the iron concentration can be reduced to the general river water concentration range by removing the particulate iron component through a decrease of more than 95% as a result of filtering with glass fiber filter with particulate iron. As a result of this study, it is necessary to manage the river to maintain the flow, and it is believed that the occurrence of red-water at the survey point can be alleviated through uptake action through planting and agglomeration precipitation and agglomeration filtration methods for particulate iron treatment.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

This article is about a joint project carried out by the National Museum of Korea and the Tokyo Cultural Properties Research Institute for the conservation of central Asia Wall painting that has been selected for the exhibition at the new Seoul National Museum of Korea at Yongsan. The investigation of the wall painting revealed very useful information. This includes the condition of the object, and the identification of evident damage, such as cracks, loss of pigment, plus materials and methods employed during the object's creation, as well as previous conservation treatment. The object was mainly made by applying plaster to the body (wall) that consisted of a mixture of soils and rice straws. Then, on the surface of the wall-painting, pigments were used to draw and to colour it. As a part of the investigation, radiocarbon dating was conducted using straw samples taken from the object. The result indicates that the object is probably dated form between the end of the 10th Century and the beginning of the 13th Century. The result of X-ray diffraction also revealed the composition of the pigments used on the surface. These are 1. gypsom [Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O], CaSO₄ and Calcite (CaCO₃) and Calcite (CaCO₃) that were used for the white background. 2. Pb₃O₄ and led Arsenate [Pb(As₂O₆) that were used for the red colouring. 3. Cuprite (Cu₂O), Arsenolite (As₂O₃) and Arsenic Oxide (As₂O₄) that were used for the green colouring.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Skin sanitizers are effective in killing or removing pathogenic microbial contaminants from the skin of food handlers, and the progressive growth of consumer interest in personal hygiene tends to drive product diversification. This review covers the advances in the application of efficacy tests for hand sanitizers to suggest future perspectives to establish an assessment system that is optimized to each product type (gel, liquid, and wipes). Previous research on the in vivo simulative test of actual consumer use has adopted diverse experimental conditions regardless of the product type. This highlights the importance of establishing optimal test protocols specialized for the compositional characteristics of sanitizers through the comparative analysis of test methods. Although the operational conditions of the mechanical actions associated with wiping can affect the efficacy of the removal and/or the inactivation of target microorganisms from the skin's surface, currently there is a lack of standardized use patterns for the exposure of hand sanitizing wipes to skin. Thus, major determinants affecting the results from each step of the overall assessment procedures [pre-treatment - exposure of sanitizers - microbial recovery] should be identified to modify current protocols and develop novel test methods. The ex vivo test, designed to overcome the limited reproducibility of in vivo human trials, is also expected to replicate the environment for the contact of sanitizers targeting skin microorganisms. Recent progress in the area of skin microbiome research revealed distinct microbial characteristics and distribution patterns after the application of sanitizers on hands to establish the test methods with the perspectives on the antimicrobial effects at the community level. The future perspectives presented in this study on the improvement of efficacy test methods for hand sanitizers can also contribute to public health and food safety through the commercialization of effective sanitizer products.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 2023

The treatment of waste plastic has primarily been entrusted to small companies, which has resulted in challenges in obtaining an accurate overview of the current state of affairs and ensuring profitability. Consequently, despite the presence of recycling technology, their practical application has proven to be challenging. In this study, as part of the waste plastic material recycling plan, it is assumed that the PET/OPP laminated waste film is peeled off at the waste film generation site for the second use. The recycling rate of PET/OPP delaminated waste film is assumed to be 2%, 10%, and 30% referring to the figures suggested by "Life-cycle Post Plastic Measures" from the Korean government. In this study, a physical separation method was developed as a recycling approach for waste PET. A result of cost-benefit analysis was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of the recycling process based on changes in the recycling rate. The findings indicated that a recycling rate of waste PET was 30% or higher resulted in a cost-benefit ratio (Benefit-cost ratio, BCR) of 1.32, exceeding the threshold of BCR ≥1, which is considered to meet the minimum requirement for cost-benefit balance. As the government's allocation ratio and unit price are expected to increase in the future, the cost-benefit ratio is expected to increase further. This case is expected to serve as a pilot initiative for waste PET recycling and foster profit creation for businesses in similar industries.