• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1700-1707
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of multigrain supplementation on exercise-related changes in running time and glycogen storage capacity of male SD rats engaged in treadmill exercise. Thirty-six 6-week-old rats were divided into six groups: normal (Nor) fed normal feed, control (Con) fed with 20% normal feed and 80% milled rice, test group one (GI) fed with multigrain feed I, test group two (GII) fed with multigrain feed II, test group three (GIII) fed with multigrain feed III, and test group four (GIV) fed with multigrain feed IV. Endurance tests by treadmill machine were administered after 24 days of multigrain feed supplementation and adaptive training. Running time was extended and glycogen storage capacity increased in the multigrain-treated group compared to the non-treated group. Also, the fatigue indicators of inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate concentration were all reduced in the multigrain feed group compared to the control group after 25 min and/or exhausted exercise. But there was no difference in GOP, GTP, lactate, or LDH concentrations between the groups. Our results demonstrated that endurance improved with multigrain feed in rats. Specifically, running time, glycogen storage capacity, inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate serum concentration increased. Importantly, the improvements in endurance brought about in the GII group fed with waxy barley was the greatest among the experimental groups.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.341-349
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular treadmill running on GLUT4 protein of skeletal muscle in STZ-diabetic rats. I used 19 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 140 to 160 grams. Rats were randomly assigned into normal, diabetes(DM) and DE(DE) groups. The exercise was loaded with treadmill running for 5 days per week during 4 weeks. All experimental procedures were carried out following overnight fasting 48 hours after last exercise. Gain(gm) in body weight in DM rats(822.4) was lowered compared to normal rats(1092.8), and decreased by exercise. Plasma glucose concentration(mg/dl) in DM rats was 1433.1 which is higher than that of normal group of 1036.4. The concentration of DE group was lower than that of DM rats. Plasma insulin concentration(${\mu}U/ml$) of DM and DE rats was significantly lowerd compared to normal rats. There was no difference of plasma concentrations of FFA and HDL cholesterol among noraml, DM and DE groups. Plasma triglyceride concentration(mg/dl) was significantly highered in DM group compared to those of DM group, the concentration of DE group was lower. Glycogen concentration(mg/gm wet weight) of the plantaris muscle in DM and DE groups was significantly reduced compared to normal group. Glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) protein of soleus was analyzed by Western blot. In DM group, the GLUT4 protein level was markdly decreased compared to normal group, but the level was recovered to the level of normal group by 4 weeks treadmill running. In conclusion, the insulin resistance induced by STZ administration was partially improved by 4 weeks physical training in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined how the degrees of muscle activity of Rectus Femoris and Tibialis Anterior during the four phases of walking vary according to three different treadmill slopes of $0^0$, $7^0$, and $15^0$. Methods: Subjects were 14 randomly selected healthy students attending G University in Seoul, Korea who had never had articular problems with lower limb and had no difficulties walking at the time of study. Results: 1) With respect to Rectus Femoris, in every phase of both forward and backward walking, there were significant differences among all of the slope degrees (p <.05), while the activity increased with increased slope degrees in every phase of backward walking. 2) For Tibialis Anterior, only in P2 and P3 of both forward and backward walking there were significant differences in every slope (p <.05). Conclusion: Both Rectus Femoris and Tibialis Anterior were found to be more active during backward walking compared to backward walking. In addition, the activity degree of Rectus Femoris was high between the early part of two foot support phase and the early part of one foot support phase, whereas that of Tibialis Anterior was high between the early part of one foot support phase and the latter part of both foot support phase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to identify EXE (1 hr a day at 21 m/min for 5 day/wk, at 0 % grade for 6 wk) on myocardium glucose metabolic phenotypic proteins (AMPK-PGC-1${\alpha}$-GLUT-4) and HSP-60 protein expression after ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in STZ-induced rats. EXE was performed using STZ-induced diabetic rats on a rodent treadmill (28 m/min, 1 hr/day, 5 day/wk for 6 wk). The results of this study suggest that i) serum insulin level was not changed among groups (p>l0.05). ii) the LVDP level increased significantly in the STZ-EXE-IRI group compared to the STZ-IRI group at 60 min (p<0.01), 70 min (p<0.05) and 80 min (p<0.05) after reperfusion, respectively, and iii) AMPK phosphorylation (p<0.01), PGC-1${\alpha}$ protein (p<0.001), GLUT-4 protein (p<0.001) and HSP-60 protein expressions (p<0.05) increased significantly in the STZ-EXE-IRI group compared to the STZ-IRI group. In conclusion, the findings of the present study reveal that EXE may provide therapeutic value to insulin dependent diabetic patients with peripheral insulin resistance and myocardium injury by improving glucose metabolic proteins (AMPK-PGC-1${\alpha}$-GLUT-4) and heat shock protein-60 (HSP-60), along with increasing LVDP levels and decreasing glucose levels. Therefore, EXE protects the STZ-induced diabetic myocardium injury against ischemia/ reperfusion injury.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.112-122
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using socks combined with EMS on ankle pain reduction and ankle function improvement in home training participants. In this study, the conductive fabric was combined using socks that can properly compress the ankle. First, VAS was measured during EMS training after fatigue was induced and compared with fatigue during rest. It was confirmed that the level of VAS after EMS training was lower than after rest and fatigue. It was also confirmed that EMS training, which combines EMS with socks, was effective in reducing pain. The experimental action is a measurement action of WBLT and lying posture, and the situation before and after EMS training was compared by performing 30 minutes on the treadmill to cause delayed muscle pain during exercise. As a result of this study, it was found that pain reduction and ROM function were improved when electrical stimulation was performed using EMS socks. It was also confirmed that the application of electrical stimulation to EMS socks effected on ankle fatigue and function improvement. From the study results, it is expected that wearing socks equipped with EMS significantly reduces ankle injuries and improves functional recovery for home training participants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of exercise training and garlic powder ingestion on blood lipids and antioxidants activity in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet with or without garlic powder (500 mg/kg) for four weeks as grouped in control (CON), exercise (EXE), garlic (GAR), and garlic + exercise training (GAREXE), respectively. EXE and GAREXE were trained on the treadmill for the same periods. Weight of fats (mesentery, perirenal, and epididymal) were weighed and blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for lipid peroxidation were analyzed in liver tissue. Body weight in GAREXE was significantly lower in the statistics than that in other groups (p<0.05), and the volume of fat in GAR and GAREXE was also much lower (p<0.05). Blood glucose was significantly lower in EXE and GAR (p<0.05), however, there was no effect of exercise training. Blood TG was lower in GAR and GAREXE (p<0.05), however, there was no effect of exercise training. HDL-C was significantly improved in EXE and GAR compared to CON (p<0.05), and GAREXE was higher than EXE (p<0.05). MDA content was considerably lower in GAREXE compared to EXE (p<0.05), and SOD activity was much higher in other groups compared to CON (p<0.05). In addition, GAREXE was significantly higher than EXE and GAR, thus there was significant increase when a garlic diet was carried out together with exercise (p<0.05). These results suggested that garlic powder ingestion during the training periods had a beneficial effect of lowering glucose and enhancing blood lipids profiles. Moreover, it also has antioxidant effects, which means that it could possibly suppress aging. It is necessary to inspect various effects of garlic with a variety of research methods regarding sampling process, production process, intake method, etc.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) powder ingestion with/without aerobic exercise (treadmill running) on energy metabolism. To achieve this purpose, 28 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups: normal diet control group (CON), a normal diet with exercise control group (COEX), a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet group (GH), and a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet with exercise group (GHEX). Duration of the powder ingestion and aerobic exercise training were 6 weeks. Body weight gain ratio was not significant. Fat mass significantly decreased in GH and GHEX. There were no changes in blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels between groups. Glucose transporter type 2 and glucose transporter type 4 protein levels were not significantly different between groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 level was the highest in GHEX. AMP-activated protein kinase level significantly increased in GHEX compared to the levels in the other groups. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta protein level was reduced in GHEX compared to that in CON. These results suggest that grasshopper powder ingestion and endurance exercise training influence energy metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.837-845
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise and resveratrol supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In this study, 4-wk-old C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups, with 10 animals in each group: a normal diet group (NC), high-fat diet group (HC), high-fat diet group with resveratrol supplementation (HRe), and high-fat diet GROUP with exercise (HE). Aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill for 40~60 min/d at 10~14 m/min, 0% grade, 4 d/wk for 16 wk. Resveratrol (25 mg/kg bodyweight) was administrated once a day, 4 d/wk for 16 wk. There was a significance difference in COX-IV mRNA expression in the NC group versus that in the HC group (p<0.05). The expression of the SIRT-3, PGC-1a, and COX-IV mRNA genes in the HE group increased significantly as compared with the expression of these genes in the HC and HRe groups (p<0.05). These results indicated that high- fat diet-induced obesity did not affect mitochondria biogenesis gene expression in skeletal muscle. In contrast, aerobic exercise training increased the expression of mitochondria biogenesis gene expression in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. These findings suggested that aerobic exercise but not resveratrol supplementation had a positive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 1986

In an attempt to observe the to long-term training effects, the exercise of rope-skipping was regularly loaded to nine soldiers for nine weeks. And some physical characteristics, cardiopulinonary functions. some blood constituents were measured before, during and after the load of test exercise. treadmill running, and were compared with the pre-trained values. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Body weight, body surface area, skinfold thickness and total body fat decreased sifnificantly after the training. 2) The post-trained values of MVV and $FEF_{25%}$, increased significantly. 3) By the training, heart rates decreased very significantly in the resting, exercising and recovery periods. 4) After the training, the systolic blood pressures of the resting and recovery periods decreased meaningfully, while diastolic blood pressures increased significantly through the recovery stages. 5) In spite of the training, the respiration rates never change in both the resting and the recovery periods. 6) After the training, total cholesterol concentration of the venous blood decreased significantly in the resting the early recovery phases while the blood levels of glucose and HDL-cholesterol decreased very slightly. 7) Blood lactate concentration decreased through the recovery periods and the value of the recovery 20 and 60 minutes decreased obviously, in comparison with the pre-trained values. The above results suggest that the 9 week-training of the rope-skipping brings about the decrease of the body fat contents, the enhancement of cardiopulmonary functions and some changes in the blood constituents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.77-83
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the convergence pulmonary function of the 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity to tredmill exercise. Ten subjects of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity(experimentals) and ten contrary subjects(controls) were participated in the experiment. experimental group conducted treadmill gait training and control group conducted automed exercise. Subjects were assessed for their respiratory function by using Fit mate. The result of the experiments showed high pulmonary function than the controls. Thus, it suggests that the respiratory functional data of 20s men of mild intellectual disabilities with obesity can be used as a various respiratory one for the exercise programs in the area.