• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.70-94
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• 1999

This paper was performed for a cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacologic treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Agents modeled were cholestyramine, gemfibrozil. bezafibrate, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin. Pharmacologic effectiveness was estimated by regression from reported clinical trials. Pharmacologic effects were expressed as the percent change of blood cholesterol level. Cost estimates included patients' travel expenses and time loss as well as resource consumption in the health care sector. Bezafibrate was the most efficient agent for reducing total cholesterol levels, having an cost over 1 year of ￦31.400 per percent reduction in total cholesterol. Simvastatin (10mg/d) was also efficient(￦33,100 per percent reduction). Chole styramine(8g/d) was least efficient at ￦90,200. For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. simvastatin(10mg/d) was most efficient, at ￦23,200 per percent reduction, followed by lovastatin(20mg/d) at ￦28,000. Gemfibrozil was least efficient at ￦77,800 per percent reduction. For high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. bezafibrate(400mg/d) was most efficient at ￦39,300 per percent increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholestyramine was least efficient at ￦514,700. Analyses combining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density cholesterol effects suggest that bezafibrate(600mg/d) and simvastatin (10mg/d) were most efficient for reducing cardiovascular risk. The cost-effectiveness analysis results show that both simvastatin and bezafibrate could be efficient treatment. Simvastatin provide more effective treatment at higher cost, whereas bezafibrate is more cost-effective, as it may be less effective, at lower cost. Therefore, clinicians should choose reasonable treatment according to the patient's needs This pharmacoeconimc analysis will provide a guideline for efficient pharmacologic treatment and also be reference data for pricing new drugs.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2017

In this paper we present the combination of location based mobile advertisement services and dynamic digital signage markets has been developing recent days to provide consumer admired visual mobile advertisement on all kind transportation vehicles. In spite of that, the digital signage advertisement content management is still not that easy to manage the content dynamically as well operation is most time consuming to handle the contents dynamically in digital signage business. As location based services is most impactful service in shopping, the location responsive advertisement on vehicle signage will be most desirable mobile advertisement to help people migrate from one place to another place for travel or stay. This paper propose a mobile location responsive digital signage system for vehicles using the GPS and wireless infrastructure integrated with digital signage system. This proposed research use the centralized digital signage system architecture for the mobile advertisement application and this system can be expanded to different vehicles for digital advertisement including buses, trucks, train, air vehicle and any other form of mobile advertising vehicles. Also, this present an effective advertisement recommendation algorithm, by which the advertisement can be selected broadcasted for the right advertisement ventures more effectively as the service requested from advertiser. This paper present the emulated experimental result to evidence the proposed dynamic vehicle signage system performed better than compared with traditional signage random advertising. The emulated result proves that the advertisement recommendation algorithm can effectively works out the targeted key audiences in location responsive region the algorithm evaluated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.321-329
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• 2007

The form of travel has been changing to dynamic, experience and family. Festivals are popular, specially the historic culture festivals, whose themes are a history event, a time and the people, are preferred to families because they give visitors opportunities of education and experience. Evaluation of festivals is important that it diagnoses the problems and enhancement One of the evaluation methods, Importance-Performance Analysis is useful which it is easy to find priority with visual matrix without complex statistical technique and a technical terminology. This research used IPA to evaluate The Yeoncheon Jeongok Paleolithic Festival which is one of the popular historic culture festivals. From the result 'unique food', 'rest facility', 'other convenience facility', 'hygiene', 'crowding' were included in selected to 'concentrate' territory of the IPA matrix. Therefor the festival manager should put his efforts to develop unique food, build more rest and other convenience facilities, enhance hygiene, and lowered crowding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

Impervious surface increase due to urbanization, one of the leading causes of pavement increased the runoff coefficient, peak flow, and reducing the infiltration flow and thereby causing flooding and river erosion is occurring in aquatic ecosystems are known to impair. This study aimed to classify use type of detailed land into the road, reststop, tollgates and etc. focused on major domestic highways, to understand the characteristics of rainfall runoff pollutants and to calculate applicable unit pollution load. Because of high runoff coefficient and short travel time to drainage. first flush occurred clearly. Average EMCs of runoff in the highway was investigated as TSS 108.47 mg / L, COD 28.16 mg / L, BOD 13.61 mg / L, TN 6.38 mg / L, TP 0.03 mg / L, Cu 118.17 ${\mu}g$ / L, Pb 345.3 ${\mu}g$ / L, Zn 349.47 ${\mu}g$ / L. Unit pollution loads calculated by detailed land use area of highways based on average annual rainfall, EMCs, applicable basin areas and etc. were 46.6 kg/km2/day of BOD, 1.4 kg/km2/day of TP, 8.81 kg / km2/day of TN and these were BOD 50.8%, TP 66.7%, TN 64.4%in comparison of the unit pollution loads which applies fallow land standards of the TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load). It was considered that discharged loads can be excessively calculated in case highway non-point management plans based on unit pollution load of the current land standard.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

A transit assignment model can forecast the behaviors of transit users. thereby playing an important role In the evaluation of transit policies. Most existing transit assignment models are based on the models for passenger cars; therefore they cannot reflect the specific characteristics of transit modes. In addition most of the existing models are based on a single transit mode (bus or rail), and they cannot forecast the behaviors of transit users in a changing mass transportation system. The goal of this study is to overcome these problems with the exiting models and to develop a more realistic model. The newly developed model is based on mixed transit modes and is a stochastic model that can reflect the different preferences of each transit user for travel time and transfering. Data gathered from the Seoul metropolitan area's smart card are used to calibrate this model. This study is expected to be used for the evaluation of transportation policies and to attribute the development of transit revitalization strategies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.3-17
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop a traffic assignment model where the variable of signal intersection delay is taken into account in assigning traffic in large-scale network settings. Indeed, despite the fact that the majority of the increase in travel time or cost involving congested urban network or interrupted flow are accounted for by stop delays or congested delays at signal intersections, the existing traffic assignment models did not reflect this. The traffic assignment model considering intersection delays presented in this study was built based on the existing traffic assignment models, which were added to by the analysis technique for the computation of intersection delay provided in Korea Highway Capacity Manual. We can conclude that a multiple variety of simulation tests prove that this model can be applied to real network settings. Accordingly, this model shows the possibility of utilizing a model considering intersection delay for traffic policy decisions through analysis of effects of changes in traffic facilities on large urban areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.182-187
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• 2008

It needs to consider of turns during a path-finding on real road network. traveling on real road network, it generally takes less travel time in a more straight path than a zig-zaged path with same source and destination. In this paper, we propose $VTA^*$ algorithm that can reduce the cost of exploring despite increasing the number of turn in comparing with $TA^*$ algorithm. We have implement the proposed $VTA^*$, $TA^*$ which consider the number of turn and a traditional $A^*$ algorithm which dosen't consider the number of turn. The experimental result shows that the cost of exploring is reduced by 7.31 % comparing with $TA^*$ and the number of turn is reduced by 27.95% comparing with $A^*$ approximately.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2009

Lots of applications that represent and utilize geographic information on the Web have emerged on the Web. In addition, personal electronic devices equipped with GPS function, which can record personal location information in real time, are being increasingly adopted by people. Such geographic information enables Internet business companies to provide users more useful services based on the location information. Most successful Internet business companies have adopted and utilized Web 2.0 technologies, which promote users' participation and emphasize openness and information sharing. Especially, using open APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) can reduce the costs of a program development. In this study, we design and develop a banner advertisement system based on geographic information using open APIs. We propose a business model using the advertisement system, and a prototype system has been illustrated in order to explain the proposed business model. Finally, we summarize the benefits of our system by describing factors generating values of the proposed business model. Hopefully, main ideas proposed in this paper can be applied to real industry sectors that use geographic information widely such as travel, real estate and so on.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

This paper presents an investigation result that is made to determine dominant influencing factors and their specific impacts on motorist detour makings for VMS placements on freeway. This was necessary to provide engineers with a tool for evaluating VMS cost-effectiveness and its feasibility. This research found that additional travel time delay is the most influential variable in determining motorist detour makings. Also, more than 70% freeway motorists recognize the adjacent national roads as their detour routes, and both AADT and the distance to the entering point of the detour path are found to be dominating factors. Motorist detour ratio model by VMS placement on freeway is developed based on the Stated Preference. In model validation, actual detour making behaviors observed by the Revealed Preference values verify the detour ratio on the Stated Preference. These research findings should be useful for cost-effective placements of VMS on freeway, and it is recommended that the results be tested by practicing engineers in the ITS sector.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 2011

The Sightseeing ITS is defined as a system that gives tourists and inhabitants the information concerned with road network conditions, parking, sightseeing spots, and travel time in the relevant area. When focusing on tourists' excursion behaviors in sightseeing areas, however, it is sometimes found that they feel much annoyed with insufficient information about the area. While they also have a variety of needs to get information and make a decision about their excursions, it becomes one of important subjects to understand the actual circumstances of their information usage and to identify the causal relationship between their excursion patterns and the obtained information. This paper aims to investigate basic issues toward development of Sightseeing ITS and to modify an analytical model of tourist's excursion behavior considering information usage at Fuji five lakes Area, which is a representative sightseeing place in Japan. The relationship was analyzed using a structural equation model: information usage at the scheduling stage has an impact on tourists' individual cognition of the sightseeing area, tourists' individual cognition affects information usage at the excursion stage, and information usage at the excursion stage affects behavior during excursions. It is found that tourists' decision making behaviors on their excursion tend to depend on the information usage. This implies essential results to construct effective and customer oriented ITS.