• Title/Summary/Keyword: Travel-time

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Empirical Study on the Mode Choice Behavior of Travelers by Express Bus and Express Train (특급(特急)과 고속(高速)버스 이용자(利用者)의 수단선정행태(手段選定行態)에 관한 경험적(經驗的) 연구(研究))

  • Kim, Kyung Whan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 1983
  • The purposes of this study are to analyze/model the mode choice behavior of the regional traveler by express bus/express train and to offer useful source in deciding the public transportation policy. The data analyzed were trips of both modes from March, 1980 to November, 1981, between Seoul and other nineteen cities; the data were grouped as five groups according to the change of service variables. Service variables were travel time(unit: minute), cost(:won), average allocation time(:won), service hour(:hour), and dummy variables by mode. As model Logit Model with linear or log utility function were postulated. As the result of this study, some reseanable models were constructed at Model Type I(eq. 2. of this paper) based on the above data except the dummy. It was judged that the parameters calibrated by Group III and Group IV data in table 4, were optimal. Among the parameters, the parameter of travel cost was most reliable. There was a tendency preferring express bus to train in October and November. With the constructed model and Pivot-Point Method. the demand change of express train caused by the service variables' change could be forecasted over 99%.

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Traffic Analysis and Simulation System for Korea Highway (대한민국 고속도로를 위한 교통 분석 및 시뮬레이션 시스템)

  • Han, Young Tak;Jeon, Soo Bin;Shin, Se Jeong;Seo, Dong Mahn;Jung, In Bum
    • KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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    • v.22 no.9
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    • pp.426-440
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    • 2016
  • Developed countries have already applied variable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies and have solved many transportation problems. Researchers also expect that ITS solutions can solve the transportation problems of Korean roads, when they are applied to Korean roads. However, since the existing ITS solutions applied in other countries are used for Korean roads without calibration, they will incur unexpected problems and high cost maintenance costs. In this paper, to solve the above problem, we propose the Korean Highway Traffic Analysis tool (KHTA). It not only analyzes all highway information in Korea, but also simulates the ITS algorithm implemented by traffic developers for the Korean highway environment. To test the stability, applicability and efficiency of the KHTA, we developed and analyzed the result of the ramp metering algorithm. The results show that the total travel time was reduced by 5 minutes compared to that without ramp metering, and traffic congestion was decreased. Thus, we confirmed that the KHTA can simulate ITS systems and can analyze the traffic environment in Korean highway. We expect that this tool would be very helpful to develop and analyze ITS systems in Korea.

Optimal Toll Estimate of a Toll Road Using Fuzzy Approximate Reasoning - Forced on the Geoga Bridge - (퍼지근사추론을 이용한 유료도로의 적정요금 산정 - 거가대교를 중심으로 -)

  • Ha Man-Box;Kim Kyung-Whan;Kim Yeong
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.8 no.3 s.29
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    • pp.63-76
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    • 2006
  • For a private toll road project, deciding optimal toll is an important element of economic analysis for the project and a challengeable work. In this study, the optimal toll of a private toll bridge, Geoga Bridge which connects Geoje Island of Gyeongnam Province and Gaduk Island of Busan was estimated using Stated Preference (SP) data. The SP data were collected by interviewing the passenger car drivers travelling on the National Road 14. They are latent users of the bridge. A fuzzy approximate reasoning model to estimate the optimal toll was built using the SP data. For the input variable of the model, the saved travel time and toll level were employed and the diversion rate to the bridge was employed for the output variable. The diversion rates for each toll level and saved travel time were estimated and the toll level which had maximized the toll revenue was decided as optimal toll. The optimal toll was tested by comparing with the average pay rate of passenger car drivers. Since the optimal toll for passenger cars at one hour saving, the 6,250 won is about 50 % of the average pay rate of passenger car divers, the toll was evaluated not to be high. The technique employed in this study may be used for the estimation of the optimal tolls for other kinds of vehicles.

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Model Specification and Estimation Method for Traveler's Mode Choice Behavior in Pusan Metropolitan Area (부산광역권 교통수단선택모형의 정립과 모수추정에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ik-Ki;Kim, Kang-Soo;Kim, Hyoung-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.23 no.3 s.81
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    • pp.7-19
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    • 2005
  • Mode choice Analysis is essential analysis stage in transportation demand forecasting process. Therefore, methods for calibration and forecasting of mode choice model in aspect of practical view need to be discussed in depth. Since 1980s, choice models, especially Logit model, are spread widely and rapidly over academic area, research institutes and consulting firms in Korea like other developed countries in the world. However, the process of calibration and parameter estimation for practical application was not clearly explained in previous papers and reports. This study tried to explain clearly the calibration process of mode choice step by step and suggested a forecasting mode choice model that can be applicable in real policy analysis by using household survey data of Pusan metropolitan are. The study also suggested a way of estimating attributes which was not observed during the household survey commonly such as travel time and cost of unchosen alternative modes. The study summarized the statistical results of model specification for four different Logit models as a process to upgrade model capability of explanation for real traveler's choice behaviors. By using the analysis results, it also calculated the value of travel time and compared them with the values of other previous studies to test reliability of the estimated model.

Design of Road Surface Drainage Facilities Based on Varied Flow Analysis (부등류 해석을 기반으로 한 노면배수시설 설계)

  • Ku, Hye-Jin;Kim, Jin-Soo;Park, Hyung-Seop;Jun, Kyung-Soo
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.41 no.12
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    • pp.1173-1185
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    • 2008
  • The design methods of the road surface drainage facilities were compared for the improvement of design method. We have developed four computational design models classified by the methods to determine the duration of design rainfall and to analyze the flow of a linear drainage channel. The critical duration was determined by assuming the critical duration to be 10 minutes or by finding the duration of design storm being similar to the travel time of flow by trial and error. The flow of a linear drainage channel was analyzed as the uniform flow or the varied flow. The design models were applied to the artificial road surface drainage facilities with various channel slopes and road shoulder slopes. If the rainfall intensity of the 10 minutes duration was applied, the outlet spacing obtained from the design based on the varied flow analysis was larger than the uniform flow analysis only when the channel slope and the road shoulder slope was small. On the other hands, if the duration of design rainfall was determined by calculating the travel time, the varied flow analysis brought about larger outlet spacing than the uniform analysis for all conditions. However, the model of the critical duration concept and the varied flow analysis resulted in smaller outlet spacing than the current design method employing the rainfall of 10 minutes duration and the uniform flow analysis.

Finding Train Frequencies and Halting Patterns Using Optimization Models : a Focus on the Line Plan for High-Speed Trains (최적화 모형을 활용한 열차 운행 횟수 및 정차 패턴 생성 : 고속 열차 노선 계획을 중심으로)

  • Park, Bum Hwan;Kim, Jang-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.529-538
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    • 2017
  • There has been much interest in optimizing the halting patterns of high-speed trains, for example by introducing more non-stop trains to supply faster train service to the passengers, which could later bring about a discussion about introducing new high speed train service with differentiated price and service. In general, halting patterns can be considered by constructing an efficient line plan, in which all demand should be covered and the total travel time can be reduced as much as possible. In this study, we present a two-step process based on two optimization models. One is to minimize total kilometers of trains to run on each route ; this will be done using a line planning model under the assumption of all-stop patterns. Then, in the next step, the all-stop patterns are optimally decomposed into several halting patterns in order to minimize the total travel time. We applied the two-step process to the latest demand data in order to develop KTX halting patterns as well as to determine the frequency of each line and compare the current line plan with the optimized one.

An Estimation of Link Travel Time by Using BMS Data (BMS 데이터를 활용한 링크단위 여행시간 산출방안에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Ok-Hee;Ahn, Gye-Hyeong;Hyun, Cheol-Seung;Hong, Kyung-Sik;Kim, Hyun-Ju;Lee, Choul-Ki
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.78-88
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    • 2014
  • Now, UTIS collects and provides traffic information by building RSE 1,150(unit) and OBE about 51,000(vehicle). it's inevitable to enlarge traffic information sources which use to improve quality of UTIS traffic information for Stabilizing UTIS's service. but there are missing data sections. And, In this study as a way to overcome these problems, based on BIS(Bus information system) installed and operating in the capital area to develop normal vehicle's link transit time estimation model which is used realtime collecting BMS data, we'll utilize the model to provide missing data section's information. For these problem, we selected partial section of suwon-city, anyang-city followed by drive only way or not and conducted model estimating and verification each of BMS data and UTIS traffic information. Consequently, Case2,4,6,8 presented highly credibility between UTIS communication data and estimated value but In the Case 3,5 we determined to replace communication data of UTIS' missing data section too hard for large error. So we need to apply high credibility model formula adjusting road managing condition and the situation of object section.

Study on Retardation Effect of a Heavy Metal in Sandy Soils

  • Kim, Dong-Ju;Sung, Baek-Doo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 1998.06a
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 1998
  • Retardation effect of heavy metals in soils caused by adsorption onto the surfaces of solids particles is well known phenomena. The adsorption of metal ions has been recognized more strong in clay mineral and organic matter contents rather than sands and gravels. In this study, we investigated the retardation effect in two sandy soils by conducting batch and column tests. The column tests were conducted to obtain the relationship between concentration and time known as breakthrough curve (BTC). We applied pulse type injection of ZnCl$_2$solution on the inlet boundary and monitored the effluent concentration at the exit boundary under steady state condition using EC-meter and ICP-AES. Batch test consisted of an equilibrium procedure for fine fractions collected from two sandy soils for various initial ZnCl$_2$concentrations, and analysis of Zn ions in equilibrated solution using ICP-AES. The results of column test showed that i) the peak concentration of Zn analyzed by ICP was far less than that detected by EC-meter for both soils and ii) travel times for peak concentration were more less identical for two different monitoring techniques. The first result can be explained by ion exchange between Zn and other cations initially present in the soil particles since ICP analysis showed a significant amount of Ca, Mg ions in the effluent. From the second result, we found that retardation effect was not present in these soils due to strong cation exchange capacity of Zn ion over other cations since we did not apply a solution containing more adsorptive cations such as Al. The result of batch test also showed high distribution coefficients (K$_{d}$) for two soils supporting the dominant ion exchange phenomena. Based on the retardation factor obtained from the Kd, we predicted the BTC using CDE model and compared with the BTC of Zn concentration obtained from ICP The predicted BTC, however, disagreed with the monitored in terms of travel time and magnitude of the peak concentrations. The only way to describe the prominent decrease of Zn ion was to introduce decay or sink coefficient in the CDE model to account for irreversible decrease of Zn ions in liquid phase.e.

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An Algorithm for Heavy Duty Truck Priority on Left-turn to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (온실가스 감축을 위한 대형 화물차 좌회전 우선신호 알고리즘 개발)

  • Yang, Se Jung;Kim, Suhyeon;Kim, Hyo Seung;Lee, Chungwon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.60-70
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    • 2013
  • This study aims to develop a truck priority on left-turn algorithm that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing heavy duty truck's stops at signalized intersection. The signal priority is granted for a left-turn phase, because heavy duty trucks can deteriorate left-turn traffic flow due to the low acceleration or deceleration rate and large turn radius. Truck priority allows to provide the stable speed control for heavy duty truck, and reduces emissions at the signal intersection. Also, two signal recovery strategies are compared for various traffic conditions. This study analyzes the effectiveness of truck priority such as greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption reduction, and total travel time saving using the PARAMICS and Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM). The results show that signal priority for heavy duty trucks has an effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumptions at non-peak hour. Also, it shows decreasing total travel time due to reducing truck stops.

Estimation of PM10 and PM2.5 inhalation dose by travel time and respiratory volume in common transport microenvironments in Seoul, Korea (서울지역 교통수단별 이동시간과 호흡량을 고려한 미세먼지 흡입량 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yong-Il;Jung, Wonseck;Hwang, Doyeon;Kim, Taesung;Park, Duckshin
    • Particle and aerosol research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2018
  • Recently, people's interest in particulate matter (PM) has been increasing, due to its hazardous health effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations and as well as the inhaled weight of PM, correlated with person's heart rate in subway, bus, vehicle and bicycle in the major public transportation (Sadang - Jamsil and Nowon - Dongdaemun) in Seoul. The concentration of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were measured from each of transportation means and calculated the average concentrations which were 87.2 and $57.8{\mu}g/m^3$ for subway, 62.8 and $42.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for vehicle, 61.5 and $36.8{\mu}g/m^3$ for bus and 53.0 and $29.4{\mu}g/m^3$ for bicycle in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ respectively. Inhalation dose for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were estimated at 248.1 and $139.4{\mu}g$ for bicycle, 56.7 and $39.3{\mu}g$ for vehicle, 49.4 and $29.9{\mu}g$ for bus and 44.3 and $29.1{\mu}g$ for subway, respectively. Even though subway had the highest concentration, the highest inhalation dose was the bicycle. It was due to the long travel time-exposure and breathing rate which leads to maximum of $PM_{10}$ 5.6 and $PM_{2.5}$ with 4.8 times inhalation dose comparing with other modes of transportation. With regards to future studies, the amount of inhalation in each transportation means should be considered in risk assessments of PM.