• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2022

Vibration is expected to occur in microtubules as tubular heterodimers. They oscillate like electric dipoles. Several research studies have estimated a frequency of vibration using the orthotropic model, a beam or rod like models and shell models, considering the surface forces. The effects of body forces on the dynamics of the microtubules were not yet taken into account. This study seeks to capture the body force effects on the vibration modes generated and on the corresponding frequency for microtubules. An orthotropic elastic shell model for the structural details of microtubules is used for the analysis. The tests are conducted out for microtubules, exposed to electro-magnetic and gravitational forces, the transverse vibration, radial mode vibration, and axial mode of vibration have accomplished. We therefore, evaluate and compare microtubules' frequencies with prior results of vibration frequency without the effects of body force.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.82-82
• /
• 2003

It is well known that electromagnetic (EM) waves are mode converted to electrostatic (ES) waves in inhomogeneous plasmas. We examine this issue in a three-dimensional multi-fluid numerical model. First, we derive a set of coupled linear wave equations when a one-dimensional inhomogeneous density profile is assumed in a cold and collisionless plasma. The massive ions are considered as fixed because we are interested in high frequency waves in plasmas. It is shown that the EM mode satisfies the 0th order modified Bessel equation near the resonant region where the frequency matches the local electron plasma frequency. It is expected that the EM waves are coupled and damped to the ES waves owing to the logarithmic singular behavior at such resonances. Second, we numerically test the same case in a 3-D multi-fluid model. An impulsive input is assumed to excite EM waves in the inhomogeneous 3-D box model. The wave spectra of electric and magnetic fields are presented and compared with the analytical results. Our results suggest that the EM energy is irreversibly converted into the ES energy wherever the resonant condition is satisfied. Finally we discuss how the mode conversion appears in both electric and magnetic fields by analyzing time histories of each component. We also compare our results with MHD wave coupling. It is numerically confirmed in this study that the coupling of EM and ES waves is similar to that of compressional and transverse MHD waves.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.268-274
• /
• 2007

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) data utilizes only transverse magnetic (TM)-mode data, because 2D inversion of transverse electric (TE)-mode data results in spurious features when 3D structures exist in the subsurface. The application of a 3D inversion algorithm to a single MT profile can reduce contamination due to off-profile anomalies and help us to incorporate TE-mode data in the interpretation. In this study, we conduct 2D and 3D inversions of MT data observed along two lines in Jeju Island. First, we invert apparent resistivities and phases in the TM and TE modes separately. Then, we perform 2D joint inversion of both TM- and TE-mode data and 3D inversion of both Zxy- and Zyx-mode data corresponding to TE- and TM-mode data in 2D. The resistivity images derived from all four data show that the geoelectrical structure in Jeju Island is a three-layered earth with the resistive-conductive-resistive stratigraphy within a depth of 5 km. The 3D inversion does not produce clear anomalies in the reconstructed profile image, while all of 2D do. This attributed to the possibility that 2D inversion results are distorted by exiting off-profile 3D anomalies in Jeju. With 3D inversion of 2D profile MT data, we can deduce more reliable results that are not seriously distorted by off-profile 3D anomalies.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2016

In this paper, TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a conductive strip grating between grounded double dielectric layer are analyzed by applying the PMM(point matching method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic fileld. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients, the scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of Floquet mode functions, and the conductive boundary condition is applied to analysis of the conductive strip. The numerical results for normalized reflected power are analyzed by according as the width and spacing of conductive strip, the relative permittivity and thickness of the double dielectric layers, and incident angles. The most normalized reflected powers of the sharp variations in minimum values are scattered in direction of the other angles except incident angle. The numerical results for the presented structure of this paper having a grounded double dielectric layer are shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2015

In this paper, the solutions of TE (transverse electric) scattering problems by a conductive strip grating over grounded two dielectric layers are analyzed by applying the PMM (point matching method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic fileld. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients, the scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of Floquet mode functions, and the conductive boundary condition apply to analysis of conducting strip. The most normalized reflected powers of the sharp variations in minimum values are scattered in direction of the other angles except incident angle. The numerical results for normalized reflected power are analyzed by according as the width and spacing of conductive strip, the relative permittivity and thickness of the two dielectric layers, and incident angles. The numerical results of present numericl analysis are shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers using FGMM (fourier galerkin moment method).

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.371-375
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the solutions of TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a resistive strip grating over a grounded dielectric layer are analyzed by applying the PMM(point matching method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic fileld. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients and the resistive boundary condition is used for the relationship between the tangential magnetic field and the induced surface current density on the resistive strip. The induced surface current density of resistive strip is obtained by difference of the up and down of the magnetic field in two boundary areas of the resistive strip. The numerical results for reflected power of zeroth order mode analyzed by according as the resistivity, the width and spacing of resistive strip, the relative permittivity and thickness of dielectric layer, and incident angles. The numerical results shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers using FGMM(fourier galerkin moment method).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2016

In this paper, the solutions of TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a conductive strip grating over two dielectric layers are analyzed by applying the PMM(point matching method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic field. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients, the scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of Floquet mode functions, and the conductive boundary condition apply to analysis of conducting strip. The most normalized reflected and transmitted powers having a sharp variations are scattered in direction of the other angles except incident angle. The numerical results for the normalized reflected and transmitted powers are analyzed by according as the width and spacing of conductive strip, incident angles, and the relative permittivity and thickness of the two dielectric layers. To confirm the validity of this paper, the numerical results of presented structure are shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2017

In this paper, TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a conductive strip grating between a double dielectric layer are analyzed by applying the PMM(point matching method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic fileld. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients, the scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of Floquet mode functions, and the conductive boundary condition is applied to analysis of the conductive strip. The numerical results for the normalized reflected and transmitted power are analyzed by according as the width and spacing of conductive strip, the relative permittivity and thickness of the double dielectric layers, and incident angles. The most normalized reflected powers of the sharp variations in minimum values are scattered in direction of the other angles except incident angle. The numerical results for the presented structure of this paper are shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2019

In this paper, TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a resistive strip grating between a double dielectric layer are analyzed by using the PMM(point matching method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic fileld. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients, the scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of Floquet mode functions, and the resistive boundary condition is applied to analysis of the resistive strip. The numerical results for the normalized reflected and transmitted power are analyzed by according as the width and spacing of resistive strip, the relative permittivity and thickness of the double dielectric layers, incident angles, and uniform resisitivity. Typically, the reflected power for the conductive strip increased as the value of the relative dielectric constant increased, the reflected power for the resistive strip with uniform resistivity decreased as the value of the resisvivity increased. The numerical results for the presented structure of this paper are shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2023

In this paper, TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a resistive strip grating between a grounded double dielectric layer are analyzed by applying the FGMM(fourier galerkin moment method) known as a numerical method of electromagnetic fileld. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients, the scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of Floquet mode functions, and the resistive boundary condition is applied to analysis of the resistive strip. Overall, as the resistivity decreased, the magnitude of the current density induced in the resistive strip increased, and the reflected power also increased. In case of uniform resistivity, the reflected power decreased as the relative permittivity of the dielectric layers increased or the thickness of the dielectric layer increased. The numerical results for the presented structure in this paper are shown in good agreement compared to those of the existing papers.