• Journal of fish pathology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 1993

With the rapid progress in seed production techniques, aquaculture production of economically important species of marine fish has been accelerated in Japan. Howecer, mass mortalities due to viral infections as well as other microbial infections have often occurred during the seed production and grow-out stages. Among these diseases, four viral diseases have been known in cultured Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) since around 1980. In this paper, viral diseases of cultured flounder in Japan are briefly reviewed, with special attention to two viral diseases. viral epidermal hyperplasia and rhabdovirus infection which are relatively important because of their frequent occurrence. Viral epidermal hyperplasia is characterized by fin opacity and associated with high mortality in larval flounder Electron microscopy of affected epidermal cells and transmission experiments with tissue filtrates demonstrated that the disease was caused by a herpesvirus but the agent has not been isolated in fish cell lines. On the other hand, rhabdovires infection occurrs in juvenile and production size fish with hemorrhage in the skeltal muscle and fins, congestion of the gonads, and ascites. A rhabdovirys was isolated in RTG-2 cells from the diseased flounder as a causative agent, which was designated hirame rhabdovirus (HRV) or Rahbdovirus olivaceus. HRV is serologically distinguishable from other known fish rhabdoviruses. Intensive researches on these viral diseases started in 1980th. but properties of the causative agents and infection mechanisms have not been fully investigated. This results in difficulty in controlling these diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.239-242
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• 2004

This study examined the detection rate of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in serum and saliva samples, respectively, from 120 dental patients who were unaware if they have or had either hepatitis or tuberculosis. The frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HBs were determined using an immunochromatic assay. Mtb positivity was determined by the PCR method. Of the 120 patients, 7 (5.8％) were HBV positive and 30 (25.0％) were Mtb positive. This highlights the fact that dental health care workers (DHCWs) can be exposed to the risk of infection from blood- or saliva-borne pathogens as a consequence of their work. Therefore, it is very important to prevent cross infection between patients and dental personnel. Accordingly, laboratory tests prior to surgical treatment are needed to determine the infectious state of dental patients in order to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in dental clinics.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.143-146
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• 1998

Syphilis is a systemic communicable disease caused by the motile spirochete, Treponema pallidum, which is only a natural pathogen for human. The distribution and trends of syphilis are influenced by biologic factors, sexual behaviors, biomedical technology, availability of and access to health care, public health efforts, changes in population dynamics, and sociocultural factors. Although sexual contact is the main route of transmission, Treponema pallidum may also be infected through direct contact with syphilitic lesions, blood transfusion, ingestion of menstrual blood or vaginal secretions, or transplacental transmissions. In extremely unusual circumstances, infection by means of contact with a skin lesion and human bite have been reported. We experienced a case of syphilis which is thought to be infected by the abnormal imposition of hands on a child, which caused unnecessary erosive trauma with fingernails.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.300-303
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to know the distribution of freshwater mollusk on the chinese liver fluke in the middle of August, 1997 at the upper area of Kyungan stream located in Yongin Kun, Kyungki province. The snails were collected from the shallow and irrigation route in a rural area located along the upper area of Kyungan stream. The snails collected by hand were brought to the laboratory and cercariae naturally shed from the snails, Parafossarulus manchouricus were examined. Parafossarulus manchouricus is medically important intermediated host of the transmission of digenetic trematoda to human. Each snail was placed in aerated tap water for the detection of ceracariae and examined for expelled cercariae. Infection rate of the cercariae of Clonorchis sinensis was 3 (1.5%) among 195 individuals collected in the habitat. The identification of the cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was performed as described by Komiya and Tajimi.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 1997

Cryptosporidium parvum has been recognized as a significant cause of life-threatening diarrhea in Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Clinical diagnosis of cryptosporidial infections has been primarily based on the detection of infective stage, oocysts, in stools. Anti-Cryptosporidium oocyst monoclonal antibody (mAb), IgG2a, recognizing an antigen of 97 kDa was generated to be used for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection in AIDS patients using an immunofluorecence. It appeared to react with the surface antigens. Transmission electron micrographs of the infective stage of Cryptosporidium recognized by this mAb demonstrated sporolulated oocysts, which measure $4~6{\mu}m$, and sporozoites excysting from oocysts.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.427-430
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• 2003

Akabane virus is a cause of severe congenital defects, but adult animals show no signs of infection. In this study, congenital abnormalitis associated with Akabane virus infection in Korean native goat. The prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to Akabane virus in goat population was investigated, indicating that approximately 30% of goats in Korea were seropositive(36/120). The mother goats have the highest titers of neutralizing antibodies, as 1:128. And also there showed seropositive of Akabane virus in newborn fetus fluids. The necropsy results of newborn fetus visceral organs were appeared normal. These findings provide that Akabane virus is the ethiological agent of congenital abnormalitis and stillbirth. Our results suggest that goat in natural situations are part of the Akabane virus transmission cycle.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transmission of candida in denture by dental polishing lathe. Materials and Methods: Maxillary complete dentures made from the same model were infected with Candida albicans. Polishing wheels were keep in various chlorhexidine solution and distilled water for an hour. The infected dentures were polished by prepared dental polishing lathe with sterile pumice and distilled water. And then sterile maxillary complete dentures were polished with same method. Polishing surface was wiped with a cotton swab and the sample was regrown for checking Candida albicans. Results: All polishing wheel with chlorhexidine resist fungal infection. But the polishing wheel with distilled water is infected with Candida albicans. Conclusion: A chlorhexidine is highly efficient in fungal infection prevention on dental polishing lathe.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1965

The potato viruses, as possible potato virus X(PVX), potato virus Y(PVY), potato virus S(PVS) are isolated from potato tuber, which collected from eleven areas (Table 1) in Korea. These viruses are isolated by single lesion isolation, Aphid transmission and inoculating methods through the many species of the different plants. The PVX is identified by host range, symptoms, physical properties, serological reaction and electron micrography. The other two viruses are identified by the first two methods mentioned above. The results of the above experiments are as follows. The total value of these viruses infection is 81%. The value of PVX infection is higher than the other two viruses. The properties of PVX are marked as local lesions on Comphrena globosa. The dilution end point is $10^{-6}$, the thermal inactivation point is $70^{\circ}C$ and the size of virus particles is around 13 x 60 $m\mu$.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.136-139
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• 1994

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was isolated from Rorippa islandica showing mild mosaic symptom in growing field of Chinese cabbage and radish. Identification of the virus was based on host range, transmission by aphids, electron micrograph, serological reaction and hybridization detection. The virus systemically infected on Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, Brassica rapa, B. campestris subsp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus, whereas showed local infection on C. amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa and Tetragonia tetragonoides. The virus was transmitted by aphid (Myzus persicae). The virus particle was filamentous with 720$\times$12 nm in length, and reacted positively with an antiserum of TuMV in agar gel double duffusion test. In slot-blot hybridization using the digoxigenin(DIG)-labeled RNA probe, TuMV-RNA could be detected in sap of R. islandica infected with the virus. This is the first report of a natural infection of that virus on R. islandica.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 1998

A study of 232 secondary school teachers was conducted to explore their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and interests concerning AIDS and HN infection, in order to develop in-service training program for teachers and effective teaching strategies across the curriculum for students. 1. Teachers of 12.9% reported that they had attended in-service training concerning AIDS and HIV. 2. Teachers of 75.4%, 68.2%, 73.7% offered correct answers to the knowledge section pertaining to the transmission of HN, prevention of mv infection, and HIV antibody testing. 3. Significant correlations were found among knowledge, attitudes, interests, and between interests and behaviors, related to AIDS and HIV. Teachers who had relatively more knowledge and positive attitudes related to AIDS, had an more interest in AIDS, expressed stronger intentions to care for, and took more positive attitudes toward working with and teaching AIDS patients than other teachers did.(Correlation through Factor Analysis).