• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 2021

In recent years, due to the continuous density and urbanization of space, the expansion of awareness of rights, the need for landscape conservation, and the development of construction technology, the conventional flat land use has been deviated from the conventional flat land use, and the transmission line, urban railway, parking lot, communal district, underground shopping mall, pipeline, etc. Although 3D spatial activities are carried out in the form of 3D space, there are considerable difficulties in administration to manage the 3D use of land due to the inadequacy of related regulations. In this background, for the administration that can manage Sectional Superficies, which is a representative case of 3D spatial use of parcels, which is a registered unit of land, first, the law on the establishment and management of spatial information, and cadastral re-examination from the legal and institutional aspects Standardization of 3D space registration through amendments to the Special Act, etc. and the formation of consensus among related departments. Second, in technical and administrative aspects, the registration of Sectional Superficies based on cadastral survey results, establishment of a platform for integrated management of location and attribute data, and registration method was found to be in need of improvement. As suggested in this study, by registering and managing Sectional Superficies, it is possible to manage various 3D land use of not only ground space or surface space but also underground space. It is expected to be able to register and manage lot-based 3D land use efficiently.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.467-483
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• 2017

In this study, the degradation properties by temperature stress of $Araldite^{(R)}$ rapid-curing epoxy resin used for inorganic cultural heritages, was identified. The tensile and tensile shear strength of durability decreased for 12,624 hours at temperatures of $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. In terms of stability of external stress and temperature, the slow-curing epoxy was superior to the rapid-curing epoxy, and cultural heritage conservation plans should therefore consider the strength and stress properties of restoration materials. Color differences increased for 12,624 hours at temperatures of $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, and glossiness decreased. Both color and gloss stability were weak, which necessitates the improvement of optical properties. Thermal properties (weight loss, decomposition temperature, and glass transition temperature) of adhesives are linked to mechanical properties. Interfacial properties of the adherend and water vapor transmission rates of adhesives are linked to performance variation. For porous media (ceramics, brick, and stone), isothermal and isohumid environments are important. For outdoor artifacts on display in museums, changes in physical properties by exposure to varying environmental conditions need to be minimized. These results can be used as baseline data in the study of the degradation velocity and lifetime prediction of rapid-curing epoxy resin for the restoration of cultural heritages.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.654-660
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• 2020

Through the output of brain waves during muscle operation, this paper checks whether it is possible to find characteristic vectors of brain waves that are capable of dividing left and right movements by extracting brain waves in specific areas of muscle signal output that include the motion of the left and right muscles or the will of the user within EEG signals, where uncertainties exist considerably. A typical surface EMG and noninvasive brain wave extraction method does not exist to distinguish whether the signal is a motion through the degree of ionization by internal neurotransmitter and the magnitude of electrical conductivity. In the case of joint and motor control through normal robot control systems or electrical signals, signals that can be controlled by the transmission and feedback control of specific signals can be identified. However, the human body lacks evidence to find the exact protocols between the brain and the muscles. Therefore, in this paper, efficiency is verified by utilizing the results of application of CSP (Common Spatial Pattern) filter to verify that the left-hand and right-hand signals can be extracted through brainwave analysis when the subject's behavior is performed. In addition, we propose ways to obtain data through experimental design for verification, to verify the change in results with or without filter application, and to increase the accuracy of the classification.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.192-201
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• 2005

Experiments and simulation were done to study the impact of contrast agent when CT scan was used to attenuation correction for PET Images in PET/CT system. Whole body phantom was imaged with various concentration of iodine-based contrast agent using CT. Mathematical emission and transmission density map with liver were made to simulate for whole body FDG Imaging. A variety of factors were estimated, including non-uniform enhancement of contrast agent, concentration and distribution size of contrast agent, noise level, image resolution, reconstruction algorithm, hypo-attenuation of contrast agent, and different time phases for contrast agent. Experimental studies showed that Hounsfield unit depends on the concentration of contrast agent and tube voltage. From the simulation data, contrast agents Introduced artifacts and degraded image quality on the attenuation-corrected PET images. The severity of these effects depends on a variety of factors, including the concentration and distribution size of contrast agent, the noise levels, and the Image resolution. These results Indicated that the impact of contrast agents should be considered with a full understanding of their potential problems in clinical PET/CT images.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.350-365
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• 2017

Steganography is a technique for secret data communication, which is not perceived by third person between a receiver and a transmitter. It has been developed for thousands of years for the transmission of military, diplomatic or business information. The development of digital media and communication has led to the development of steganography techniques in modern times. Technic of image steganography include the LSB, which fixes the number of embedded bits into a pixel, and PVD, which exploits the difference value in the neighboring pixel pairs. In the case of PVD image steganography, a large amount of information is embedded fluidly by difference value in neighboring pixel pairs and the designed range table. However, since the secret information in order is embedded, if an error of the number of embedded bits occurs in a certain pixel pair, all subsequent information will be destroyed. In this paper, we proposes the method, which improve the vulnerability of PVD property about external attack or various noise and extract secret information. Experimental process is comparison analysis about stego-image, which embedded various noise. PVD shows that it is not possible to preserve secret information at all about noise, but it was possible to robustly extract secret information for partial noise of stego-image in case of the proposed PVD image steganography with locally-fixed number of embedding bits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.873-886
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• 1996

For better understanding the interrelationship of hemorrhage and aggregation mechanism, cyclopiazonic acid(CPA) known as promoting the aggregation of platelet, aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ inhibiting platelet aggregation were used as toxic mycotoxins in these studies. In order to investigate the potential role of prostaglandin metabolism on the platelet aggregation, a variety of prostaglandin metabolites such as $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, $PGE_2$ and $TXB_2$ were measured in homogenized rabbit platelets by TLC and LSC. And the role of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ on the platelet aggregation was investigated by flow cytometer. Finally, the morphological effects of mycotoxins on platelet were determined by transmission electron microscope. The results and conclusions obtained from these studies are: 1) CPA induced no changes but $AFB_1$ increased $PGE_2$ and $TXB_2$. 2) CPA promoted ADP, collagen, thrombin, A.A., and PAF-induced $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release. $AFB_1$, however, decreased $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ level except collagen-induced $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release. When the calcium blocker, verapamil, was used, CPA decreased thrombin-induced $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release and increased collagen, ADP, PAF and A.A.-induced $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release. $AFB_1$ in contrast decreased the all factors induced $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release. 3) $AFB_1$ did not induce any ultrastructural changes except large vacuole formation in a few platelets. And CPA also did not induce any changes except moderate shape change, indicator of platelet activation. In conclusion, CPA promoted platelet aggregation by the increases of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release but had no changes in A.A. metabolites. Antiaggregating effects of $AFB_1$ may be due to decreases of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ release and increases of $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ formation. These data provide the basis for the future study of mobilization and function of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ in platelet aggregation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2016

The lightning protection of information and communication facilities is very important factor to improve a reliability of the action of these equipment. Especially the transient potential rise of ground electrode being injected with the lightning current is to be a basic data of the dielectric strength for both power and communication facilities so that more accurate analysis should be required. The transient potential rise can be calculated from the ground impedance and the ground impedance is strongly dependent upon the shape of the ground electrode and the frequency-dependence of soil. The Debye's equation which is able to calculate the characteristics of dielectrics is used to analyze the frequency-dependent of soil. Also, the method to calculate the transient potential rise from the ground impedance is specified in this paper. In order to analyze the transient potential rise resulting from calculations with Debye's equation, TLM(transmission line method) and case of ${\rho}$(resistivity)-constant are simulated, respectively. The length of a horizontal ground electrode is 30 m and simulations were performed at 10, 100, $1000{\Omega}{\cdot}m$ with the standard lightning current waveform. In result, the transient potential rise of horizontal ground electrode calculating with Debye's equation is lower than it of other models.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.37-71
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• 2019

How has the passenger car's architecture evolved? In the meantime, the discussions on the car architecture have been mixed, i.e., integral, modular, and the coexistence of two types. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop two indices can measure the degree of modularization of passenger car and its all modules using global trade data. By applying the indices to the framework of architecture positioning that reflects the hierarchical structure of a product, we examined that the degree of modularization of the passenger car architecture has been enhanced. Meanwhile, the degree of modularization differs across the modules that make up the car. Specifically, we observed the higher degree of modularization in front-end, cockpit and seat modules. Whereas, we found that body module had a relatively low degree of modularization. In particular, we observed that the platform of passenger car has notably modularized due to carmakers' efforts to achieve model diversification and reduction of cost and period in new product development at the same time. Interestingly, we showed that three modules, i.e., engine, chassis (relatively less modularized), and transmission (relatively highly modularized), had a different level of modularization, even if they commonly make up the platform. We contribute to the suggestion for analytical approaches that examine the degree of modularization and its progress longitudinally. In addition, we propose the necessity of decomposition of a system into elements in a study of product architecture, considering the possibly distinctive progress of modularization across the elements.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2022

In this study, in order to directly evaluate the prestress of the PSC structure, a new sensor module based on the measurement of the deformation of concrete was proposed using hetero-core optical fibers and performance tests were performed. In a hetero-core optical fiber, optical loss occurs when a specific part of the transmission path is bent, and the amount of optical loss changes linearly according to the magnitude of the curvature. In order to confirm the measurement performance of the sensor module and the applicability of the optical fiber, the sensor module was deformed and the light passing through the optical fiber was converted into wattage and measured. It can be seen that the light passing through the optical fiber has a linearity of 0.9333 in relation to the deformation while generating the maximum deformation of 0.5 mm at a rate of 0.12 mm/min in a cylindrical concrete specimen with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 35 cm in which the sensor module is embedded. Based on the results of this experiment, it is judged that it is possible to directly evaluate the prestress of a PSC structure by embedding a sensor module using a hetero-core optical fiber in the structure and measuring the compression deformation in concrete. It is judged that it can be used as useful data for the development of a sheath tube integrated sensor module to be applied to be applied to the girder model experiment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.337-346
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• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside Rb2, a major active component of Panax ginseng, has various physiological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the rejuvenation effect of Rb2 in human skin cells have not been elucidated. Methods: We performed a senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay to confirm cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The regulatory effects of Rb2 on autophagy were evaluated by analyzing the expression of autophagy marker proteins, such as microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC) 3 and p62, using immunoblotting. Autophagosome and autolysosome formation was monitored using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic flux was analyzed using tandem-labeled GFP-RFP-LC3, and lysosomal function was assessed with Lysotracker. We performed RNA sequencing to identify potential target genes related to HDF rejuvenation mediated by Rb2. To verify the functions of the target genes, we silenced them using shRNAs. Results: Rb2 decreased β-galactosidase activity and altered the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in senescent HDFs. Rb2 markedly induced the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and LC3 puncta. Moreover, Rb2 increased lysosomal function and red puncta in tandem-labeled GFP-RFP-LC3, which indicate that Rb2 promoted autophagic flux. RNA sequencing data showed that the expression of DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 (DRAM2) was induced by Rb2. In autophagy signaling, Rb2 activated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and inactivated mTOR. DRAM2 knockdown inhibited autophagy and Rb2-restored cellular senescence. Conclusion: Rb2 reverses cellular senescence by activating autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway and induction of DRAM2, suggesting that Rb2 might have potential value as an antiaging agent.