• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2010

In this paper, we present a closed-form approximation of the average sum rate of zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming (BF) with semi-orthogonal user selection (SUS). We first derive the survival probability associated with the SUS that absolute square of the channel correlation between two users is less than the orthogonalization level threshold (OLT).With this result, each distribution for the number of surviving users at each iteration of the SUS and the number of streams for transmission is calculated. Secondly, the received signal power of ZF-BF is represented as a function of the elements of the upper triangular matrix from QR decomposition of the channel matrix. Thirdly, we approximate the received signal power of ZF-BF with the SUS as the maximum of scaled chisquare random variables where the scaling factor is approximated as a function of both OLT and the number of users in the system. Putting all the above derivations and order statistics together, the approximated ergodic sum rate of ZF-BF with the SUS is shown in a closed form. The simulation results verify that the approximation tightly matches with the sample average for any OLT and even for a small number of users.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.697-703
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 QoS가 안정적으로 보장되지 않는 현재의 인터넷 환경 하에서 최상의 서비스를 제공하기 위해 SPIHT 기반 비디오 신호에 대한 적응적 멀티스트림 전송기법을 제안한다. 이러한 방식은 비동기적인 패킷망에서 비디오 스트림의 신뢰성 있는 전송과 연속재생을 위해 TCP 상에서 적응적 프레일 패턴 제어와 멀티스트림을 이용하여 전송한다. 적응적 프레임 패턴 제어는 네트워크 상태에 따른 클라이언트의 버퍼링 상태에 따라 전송할 정보를 스케일러블하게 조절하는 방식이며, 멀티스트림 전송은 TCP상에서 스트림의 전송 성능 향상과 네트워크의 지터에 강하며, 클라이언트가 가진 대역폭을 최대로 활용할 수 있는 고품질의 서비스를 제공한다. 실험결과 기존의 단일 스트림 전송인 경우보다 제안한 적응적 멀티스트림 전송의 경우 DR(delay ratio)이 0에 근접하게 나타나 최상의 서비스가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 ISM 대역의 2.45 GHz 마이크로파를 이용하여 무선 전력 전송 시스템을 구현하였다. 이 주파수는 주파수 규제에 의해 송신 전력이 20 dBm으로 제한을 받는다. 이러한 규제에 부합하는 mW급의 소전력을 전송하여 벽시계를 구동시킬 수 있는 무선 전력 전송 시스템을 구현하였다. 이러한 시스템을 구현하기 위하여 정류회로의 최적화를 하였으며, RF-DC 변환기에는 제로 바이어스 쇼트키 다이오드를 사용하였다. 수신측을 단일 안테나와 RF-DC 변환기로 구성하여 80 cm의 거리에서 시계를 동작시켰고, 기존 문헌에 비해 부품의 수와 비용을 줄일 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2002

This paper present a new verb efficient numerical algorithm for arcing faults detection and fault distance estimation in transmission line. It is based on the fundamental differential equations describing the transients on a transmission line before, during and alter the fault occurrence, and on the application of the "Least Error Squares Technique"for the unknown model parameter estimation. If the arc voltage estimated is a near zero, the fault is without arc, in other words the fault is permanent fault. If the arc voltage estimated has any high value, the faust is identified as an fault, or the transient fault. In permanent faults case, fault distance estimation is necessary. This paper uses the model of the arcing fault in transmission line using ZnO arrestor and resistance to be implemented within EMTP. One purpose of this study is to build a structure for modeling of arcing fault detection and fault distance estimation algorithm using Matlab programming. In this paper, This algorithm has been designed in Graphic user interface(GUI).

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2012

The ZigBee network has been considered to monitor electricity usage of home appliances in the smart grid network. ZigBee, however, may suffer from a coexistence problem with wireless local area network (WLAN). In this paper, to resolve the coexistence problem between ZigBee network and WLAN, we propose a new protocol constructing a cognitive smart grid network for supporting monitoring of home appliances. In the proposed protocol, home appliances first estimates the transmission timing and channel information of WLAN by reading request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) frames of WLAN. Next, based on the estimated information, home appliances transmit a data at the same time as WLAN transmission. To manage the interference between WLAN and smart grid network, we propose a cognitive beamforming algorithm. The beamforming algorithm is designed to guaranteeing zero interference to WLAN while satisfying a required rate for smart metering. We also propose an energy efficient rate adaptation algorithm. By slowing down the transmission rate while satisfying an imperceptible impact of quality of service (QoS) of the receiver, the home appliance can significantly save transmit power. Numerical results show that the proposed multiple antenna technique provides reliable communications for smart metering with reduced power comparing to the simple transmission technique.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2016

This paper presents a design of an impedance transformer (IT) with high frequency selectivity characteristics. The frequency selectivity can be controlled by even- and odd-mode impedance of a shunt coupled transmission line (TL). For experimental validation, a 50- to $20-{\Omega}$ IT was implemented at a center frequency ($f_0$) of 2.6 GHz for the long-term evolution signal. The measured results were in good agreement with the simulations, showing a return loss higher than 19 dB over a passband bandwidth of 0.63 GHz (2.28-2.91 GHz) and good sharp frequency selectivity characteristic near to the passband. The series coupled TL provides a transmission zero at 5.75 GHz, whereas the shunt coupled TL provides three transmission zeros located at 2 GHz, 3.1 GHz, and 7.14 GHz.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제13A권7호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2006

기존의 가장 널리 쓰이는 전송계층 프로토콜인 TCP는 패킷 손실의 원인이 망의 혼잡 때문이라는 가정 하에 설계된 프로토콜로서 유선망과 고정 호스트로 이루어진 전통적인 네트워크에는 적합하지만 페이딩, 잡음, 간섭 등의 전송 에러가 발생하는 무선 환경에서는 전송 프로토콜로서 적용하기에 비효율적이다. 이것은 무선망에서의 비트 에러에 의한 패킷손실 역시 혼잡으로 간주하여 불필요한 전송 제어가 발생하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 무선 TCP 패킷의 전송성능을 향상시키기 위하여 연속적인 패킷 손실에 대한 제어와 TCP 윈도우 제어를 하여 불필요한 혼잡제어 알고리즘을 수행하지 않게 하는 개선된 SNOOP 프로토콜을 제안하였고 개선된 모듈의 성능을 모의실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.648-657
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• 2019

A cluster topology was proposed with the assumption of zero noise to improve the performance of wireless body area networks (WBANs). However, in WBANs, the transmission power should be reduced as low as possible to avoid the effect of electromagnetic waves on the human body and to extend the lifetime of a battery. Therefore, in this work, we consider a bit error rate for a cluster-based WBAN and analyze the performance of the system while the transmission of sensors and cluster headers (CHs) is controlled. Moreover, a hierarchical topology is proposed for the cluster-based WBAN to further improve the throughput of the system; this proposed system is called as the hierarchical cluster WBAN. The hierarchical cluster WBAN is combined with a transmission control scheme, that is, complete control, spatial reuse superframe, to increase the throughput. The proposed system is analyzed and evaluated based on several factors of the system model, such as signal-to-noise ratio, number of clusters, and number of sensors. The calculation result indicates that the proposed hierarchical cluster WBAN outperforms the cluster-based WBAN in all analyzed scenarios.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2008

This paper presents a chromatic dispersion monitoring technique using a clock-frequency component for carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) signal. The clock-frequency component is extracted by a clock-extraction (CE) process. To discover which CE methods are most efficient for dispersion monitoring, we evaluate the monitoring performance of each extracted clock signal. We also evaluate the monitoring ability to detect the optimum amount of dispersion compensation when optical nonlinearity exists, since it is more important in nonlinear transmission systems. We demonstrate efficient CE methods of CSRZ signal to monitor chromatic dispersion for optimum compensation in high-speed optical communication systems.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2004

The conventional fault location algorithms based on the travelling waves have an inherent problem. In cases of the close-up faults occurring near the relaying point and of the faults having zero degree inception angle of voltage signals, the conventional algorithms can not estimate an accurate fault distance. It is because the shapes of travelling waves are near sinusoidal in those cases. A new method solving this problem is presented in this paper. An FIR(Finite Impulse response) filter which makes high frequency components prominent and makes the power frequency component and dc-offset attenuated is used. With this method, the cross-correlation peak is to be very clear when a close-up fault or a fault having near zero-degree inception angle occurs. The cross-correlation peaks can be clearly distinguished and accurate fault location is practically possible consequently. A series of simulation studies using EMTP(Electromagnetic Transients Program) show that the proposed algorithm can calculate an accurate fault distance having maximum 2% or less error.