• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.3394-3408
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• 2014

Conventional mobile state (MS) and base station (BS) association based on average signal strength often results in imbalance of cell load which may require more powerful processor at BSs and degrades the perceived transmission rate of MSs. To deal with this problem, a Markov decision process (MDP) for load balancing in a multi-cell system with multi-carriers is formulated. To solve the problem, exploiting Sarsa algorithm of on-line learning type [12], ${\alpha}$-controllable load balancing algorithm is proposed. It is designed to control tradeoff between the cell load deviation of BSs and the perceived transmission rates of MSs. We also propose an ${\varepsilon}$-differential soft greedy policy for on-line learning which is proven to be asymptotically convergent to the optimal greedy policy under some condition. Simulation results verify that the ${\alpha}$-controllable load balancing algorithm controls the behavior of the algorithm depending on the choice of ${\alpha}$. It is shown to be very efficient in balancing cell loads of BSs with low ${\alpha}$.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.255-257
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• 2007

We propose an improved selective randomized load balancing (ISRLB) robust scheme under the hose uncertainty model for a special double-hop routing network architecture. The ISRLB architecture maintains the resilience properties of Valiant's load balancing and reduces the network cost/propagation delay in all other robust routing schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.3094-3109
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• 2014

This paper proposes a load balanced reliable routing protocol called LBR (Load Balanced Reliable routing) in wireless networks. The LBR protocol transmits messages through a reliable path considering the balancing of the traffic load. Recently, the authors have proposed a multipath-based reliable routing protocol called MRFR, which is an appealing protocol for fault tolerant reliable data transmission. However, However, MRFR has no concern with the problem of load balancing, which results in increasing congestion and consuming high energy at some network nodes. As a result, the problem affects negatively the performance of the network. Taking account of load balancing as a route selection criteria can avoid routing through the congested nodes and allows to find better routes. In this paper, we extend MRFR by considering load balancing in the route discovery process of reliable communication. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol outperforms AODV in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery radio, and average jitter. Compared to MRFR, the LBR protocol has the same packet delivery ratio, and obtains a better efficiency of load balancing.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권7A호
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• pp.757-767
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• 2008

차세대 이동 통신망의 발전으로 상용 망과 이 기종 망이 서로 겹쳐진 다중 망 구조가 형성될 것이다. 이러한 여러 망이 겹쳐진 다중 망 구조에서 전체 무선자원의 사용 효율을 높이고 Eb/Io (bit energy-to-interference plus noise density ratio)를 개선하기 위해 이기종망간 혹은 동종망간 상호 연동 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 동종망과 이기종망들이 서로 겹쳐져 있는 다중 셀 환경에서 load를 효율적으로 분산시킴으로써 무선 자원의 효율을 높이고 신호의 간섭양을 줄여 사용자의 QoS 보장 및 성능 개선을 위한 soft load balancing algorithm을 제안 및 분석한다. 본 논문에서는 수학적 분석을 통해 효율적인 load sharing을 위한 최적의 LBR (load balancing ratio) 을 구하고 이를 이용하여 각 network에 traffic 양을 할당하여 서비스한다. 그러므로 soft load balancing 알고리듬은 보다 안정적인 데이터 전송을 가능하게 한다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.106-109
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• 2004

This study designs a load balancer via direct routing that share a virtual service on a single IP address in the Linux system and suggests an efficient load balancing method to improve transmission speed in the web server cluster environment. It will increase performance and scalability with fast packet transfer and removing bottleneck problem by using TCP Splicing and Content-Aware Distributor method. This method is expected to be the noticeable technology that provides an important interface, which make application services for e-commerce effectively be applied to high-speed network infrastructure. At this time, it is required to study further on the optimum balancing method in the web server cluster environment so as to apply the hybrid (optimum load balancing method by software and hardware) method and improve the reuse of security cession based on high-speed TCP connections.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.93-95
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• 2005

In order to create security session, security keys are preconfigured between communication objects. For this purpose, Handshake Protocol exists. The pre-master secret key that is used in this process needs to interpreted by a server to create master secret key, whose process requires a big calculation, resulting in deteriorating system's transmission performance. Therefore, it is helpful in increasing transmission speed to reuse secret keys rather than to create them at every connection.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.433-447
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• 2023

Critical issues such as connection congestion, long transmission delay, and packet loss become even worse during epidemic, disaster, and so on. In this study, a link load balancing method is proposed to address these issues on the data plane, a plane of the software-defined network (SDN) architecture. These problems are NP-complete, so a meta-heuristic approach, discrete particle swarm optimization, is used with a novel hybrid cost function. The superiority of the proposed method over existing methods in the literature is that it provides link and switch load balancing simultaneously. The goal is to choose a path that minimizes the connection load between the source and destination in multipath SDNs. Furthermore, the proposed work is dynamic, so selected paths are regularly updated. Simulation results prove that with the proposed method, streams reach the target with minimum time, no loss, low power consumption, and low memory usage.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1618-1637
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• 2014

Clustering wireless sensor network is an efficient way to reduce the energy consumption of individual nodes in a cluster. In clustering, multihop routing techniques increase the load of the Cluster head near the sink. This unbalanced load on the Cluster head increases its energy consumption, thereby Cluster heads die faster and create an energy hole problem. In this paper, we propose an Energy Balancing Cluster Head (EBCH) in wireless sensor network. At First, we balance the intra cluster load among the cluster heads, which results in nonuniform distribution of nodes over an unequal cluster size. The load received by the Cluster head in the cluster distributes their traffic towards direct and multihop transmission based on the load distribution ratio. Also, we balance the energy consumption among the cluster heads to design an optimum load distribution ratio. Simulation result shows that this approach guarantees to increase the network lifetime, thereby balancing cluster head energy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.651-669
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• 2013

In this paper, we study a novel routing algorithm based on load balancing for multi-channel wireless mesh networks. In order to increase the network capacity and reduce the interference of transmission streams and the communication delay, on the basis of weighted cumulative expected transmission time (WCETT) routing metric this paper proposes an improved routing metric based on load balancing and channel interference (LBI_WCETT), which considers the channel interference, channel diversity, link load and the latency brought by channel switching. Meanwhile, in order to utilize the multi-channel strategy efficiently in wireless mesh networks, a new channel allocation algorithm is proposed. This channel allocation algorithm utilizes the conflict graph model and considers the initial link load estimation and the potential interference of the link to assign a channel for each link in the wireless mesh network. It also utilizes the channel utilization percentage of the virtual link in its interference range as the channel selection standard. Simulation results show that the LBI_WCETT routing metric can help increase the network capacity effectively, reduce the average end to end delay, and improve the network performance.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2009

본 논문에서 설계한 HWbF(Hit and WLC based Firewall)은 PFS(Packet Filter Station)과 APS(Application Proxy Station)으로 구성된다. PFS는 로드 밸런싱을 이용한 PLB(Packet Load Balancing) 모듈을 이용해 패킷들을 분산시켜 패킷 전송 지연을 방지하고 병목현상을 줄이도록 설계하였고 APS는 로드 밸런싱을 이용한 PCSLB(Proxy Cash Server Load Balancing)모듈을 이용해 효율적인 프록시 캐쉬 서버를 관리하고, 패킷 트래픽량을 이용해 DoS 공격을 탐지하도록 설계하였다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 설계한 HWbF는 기존이 방화벽의 단점이었던 패킷 전송 지연을 방지하고 병목현상을 줄여 패킷 처리속도를 향상시킨다. 또한, 패킷 트래픽 임계값을 패킷 트래픽 량에 따라 자동 조절함으로써 기존의 평균값과 고정 임계치에 대한 각각의 DoS 공격 오탐지율(TCP)이 50%와 25%에서 제안한 수식에 의해 각각 38%와 17%으로 감소시켜, DoS 공격 트패픽의 탐지능력을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 프록시 캐쉬 서버의 부하도 줄인다.