• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.475-481
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• 1999

Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Methods: A cytogenetic study was made in of 921 couples for 13 years from January 1984 to December 1997 in which the woman was ascertained to have had two or more spontaneous abortions at our Cytogenetic Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University. Results: The overall incidence of chromosome anomaly was 80 out of 921 (8.7%). There were 34 cases (3.69%) of reciprocal balanced translocation and 13 cases (1.41%) of Robertsonian translocation. Also 17 cases (1.85%) of inversion and 5 cases (0.54%) of X chromosome mosiacism was observed. In the case of reciprocal balanced translocation, chromosome 8,6,7,13 were preferentially involved over others. And in the case of Robertsonian translocation, chromosome 13 was preferentially involved. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that cytogenetic analysis is indicated in couples with 2 or more spontaneous abortion and about half of these disorders are reciprocal balanced or Robertsonian translocations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1245-1251
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• 2008

Oxalate decarboxylases (OXDCs) (E.C. 4.1.1.2) are enzymes catalyzing the conversion of oxalate to formate and $CO_2$. The OXDCs found in fungi and bacteria belong to a functionally diverse protein superfamily known as the cupins. Fungi-originated OXDCs are secretory enzymes. However, most bacterial OXDCs are localized in the cytosol, and may be involved in energy metabolism. In Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, a locus for a putative oxalate decarboxylase is present. In the study reported here, an enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and showed oxalate decarboxylase activity. Computational analysis revealed the A. tumefaciens C58 OXDC contains a signal peptide mediating translocation of the enzyme into the periplasm that was supported by expression of signal-peptideless and full-length versions of the enzyme in A. tumefaciens C58. Further site-directed mutagenesis experiment demonstrated that the A. tumefaciens C58 OXDC is most likely translocated by a twin-arginine translocation (TAT) system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 1999

Effects of host immunization on bacterial translocation and growth performance in weanling piglets were studied. Twenty four barrows were assigned to one of two immunization treatments: Control group (CON: immunized with placebo) or Immunization group [IMMU: immunized with Antigen cocktail; Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), Ovalbumin (OA), and Tetanus toxoid (TT)]. On d0, piglets were weaned and intramuscularly immunized with 2 ml of placebo or Antigen cocktail, respectively. Antigen-specific Ig titers were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). Ig titers to E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were measured as the indicator of bacterial translocation. Ig titers to LPS were higher (p<0.10, 0.05 or 0.01) in CON group before immunization (d0), but the difference disappeared with time and IgA titers to LPS became higher (p<0.05) in IMMU group on d39. In IMMU group, IgG titers to LPS from d28 onwards showed positive correlations (p<0.10, 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001) with IgG titers to KLH from d11 onwards and with IgM titers to KLH from d7 onwards. Generally, growth performance was negatively related to IgG titers to LPS. Average daily gain for d28 to d35 showed negative correlations (p<0.10, 0.05, or 0.01) with IgG titers to LPS on d28 onwards in immunization group. These results reveal some evidences that host immunization might facilitate bacterial translocation and high humoral immune responses to LPS are negatively related with the growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1993

Root absorption, translocation and metabolism studies of $^{14}C$-bensulfuron in rice and Cyperus serotinus Rottb. were conducted to determine their selective mode of action. Rice absorbed a greater amount of bensulfron than Cyperus serotinus. The translocation rates of bensulfuron from roots into shoots were much faster in Cyperus serotinus than rice plants. The metabolic rate of bensulfuron was very fast in rice plants, but slow in Cyperus serotinus and therefore, the amount of parent bensulfuron remained in the shoots after 12 hours absorption was greater in Cyperus serotinus than rice. In conclusion, this studies indicated that Cyperus serotinus was susceptible to bensulfuron because of the slower metabolic rate and fast translocation rate, but tolerance of rice might be caused by faster metabolic rate in plants.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1994

Nutrient culture study was initiated to examine the selectivity of dithiopyr(S, S-dimethyl 2-difluoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(trifluoro methyl)-3, 5-pyridine dicarbothiate) in rice(Oryza sativa L.) and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv.). Absorption and translocation of $^{14}C$-dithiopyr in rice and barnyardgrass were also investigated to determine their selective mechanism. Rice was very tolerant, but barnyardgrass was susceptible to dithiopyr. The absorption of dithiopyr was greater in barnyardgrass than in rice and most of them remained in the roots of both species. Dithiopyr was absorbed by roots and basal shoots of both species. Translocation of dithiopyr was very low but was higher in barnyardgrass than in rice. Therefore, this study suggest that the selectivity of dithiopyr between rice and barnyardgrass may be mainly attributed to the absorption and translocation of dithiopyr in plants.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 1997

Laboratory experiments were conducted to the potential ability of bioremediation with bentazon such as determining the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of $^{14}C-Bentazon$ in minari after foliar applications. The absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bentazon$ were compared when applied to foliar of minari. In foliar applications, 21% was observed in treated leaves, 66% remained in water extracts of leaf surfaces, and 13% was found in the epicuticular wax layer after 2d. Translocation of the herbicide from treated leaves to roots was very low(79 to 9%). Analysis of methanol-soluble extracts of $^{14}C$ indicated that more than 60% of the foliarapplied herbicide was metabolized in all plant sections after 2d. However, 77% or more of the bentazon was degraded in roots and shoots 2d after root absorption. The major metabolite in these experiments was an unknown compound that was less polar than bentazon and 6- and 8-hydroxy bentazon.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.126-134
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• 2011

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is gradually widely used in prevention of gene diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. Much improvement has been achieved in biopsy technique and molecular diagnosis. Blastocyst biopsy can increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce allele dropout. It is cost-effective and currently plays an important role. Whole genome amplification permits subsequent individual detection of multiple gene loci and screening all 23 pairs of chromosomes. For PGD of chromosomal translocation, fluorescence $in-situ$ hybridization (FISH) is traditionally used, but with technical difficulty. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect translocation and 23 pairs of chromosomes that may replace FISH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms array with haplotyping can further distinguish between normal chromosomes and balanced translocation. PGD may shorten time to conceive and reduce miscarriage for patients with chromosomal translocation. PGD has a potential value for mitochondrial diseases. Preimplantation genetic haplotyping has been applied for unknown mutation sites of single gene disease. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using limited FISH probes in the cleavage-stage embryo did not increase live birth rates for patients with advanced maternal age, unexplained recurrent abortions, and repeated implantation failure. Polar body and blastocyst biopsy may circumvent the problem of mosaicism. PGS using blastocyst biopsy and array CGH is encouraging and merit further studies. Cryopreservation of biopsied blastocysts instead of fresh transfer permits sufficient time for transportation and genetic analysis. Cryopreservation of embryos may avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and possible suboptimal endometrium.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

Objective: The purposes of this study were to investigate the types and the incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, and to provide an explanation for the genetic causations of recurrent spontaneous abortions in Korean population. Methods: Cytogenetic studies were carried out in 535 couples with at least two spontaneous first trimester abortions from January 1981 to December 2003. For karyotype analysis, we used modified Moorhead method by Giemsa staining and Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa banding Results: The overall incidence of chromosome abnormality was 32 out of 535 cases (5.98%). There were 25 cases (4.67%) of translocation and 7 cases (1.31%) of inversion. In translocation, 5 cases (0.93%) of Robertsonian translocation and 20 cases (3.74%) of reciprocal translocation were observed. In inversion, 6 cases (1.12%) of inversion of chromosome 9 and one case (0.19%) of inversion of chromosome 18 were found. Conclusion: In this study, overall chromosomal abnormality rate in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions is much higher than that in the general population. So, chromosomal analysis should be offered for the prognostic information in genetic counseling such as prenatal diagnosis in couples with repetitive reproductive failure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-138
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• 1993

The mechanism of insulin action to increase glucose transport is attributed to glucose transporter translocation from intracellular storage pools to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive cells. The present study was designed to visualize the redistribution of the glucose transporter by means of an immunogold labelling method. Our data clearly show that glucose transporter molecules were visible by this method. According to the method this distribution of glucose transporters between cell surface and intracellular pool was different in adipocytes. The glucose transporter molecules were randomly distributed at the cell surface whereas the molecules at LDM were farmed as clusters. By insulin treatment the number of homogeneous random particles increased at the cell surface whereas the cluster forms decreased at the intracellular storage pools. It suggests that the active molecules needed to be evenly distributed far effective function and that the inactive molecules in storage pools gathered and termed clusters until being transferred to the plasma membrane.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.222-226
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• 2013

Translocations involving chromosome 21q22 are frequently observed in hematologic malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), most of which have been known to be involved in malignant transformation through transcriptional dysregulation of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) target genes. Nineteen RUNX1 translocational partner genes, at least, have been identified, but not Homeobox A (HOXA) genes so far. We report a novel translocation of RUNX1 into the HOXA gene cluster in a 57-year-old female AML patient who had been diagnosed with myelofibrosis 39 months ahead. G-banding showed 46,XX,t(7;21)(p15;q22). The involvement of RUNX1 and HOXA genes was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.