• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.71-77
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• 2020

In recent years, as a consequence of the technological advancements in the automobile industry and changes in consumer demands, the reduction of noise inside vehicles rather than vehicle performance has increasingly become an important factor of interest. To date, most studies have focused on noise and vibration reduction techniques for the engine and drive system of vehicles. In this research, a comparative analysis for reducing the effect of vehicle seatbelts on the transient response is performed using the test of vehicle conditions and transient response analysis in accordance with seatbelt conditions. After the sensitivity analysis, the specifications for improvement were designed based on the transient response analysis. It was confirmed that the transient response characteristics were improved by the transient response analysis and vehicle conditions test. Through computer-aided engineering, the transient response characteristics of seatbelts were checked with less cost and time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2017

In this work, transient heat transfer analysis of functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposite (CNTRC) cylinders with various essential and natural boundary conditions is investigated by a mesh-free method. The cylinders are subjected to thermal flux, convection environments and constant temperature faces. The material properties of the nanocomposite are estimated by an extended micro mechanical model in volume fraction form. The distribution of carbon nanotube (CNT) has a linear variation along the radial direction of axisymmetric cylinder. In the mesh-free analysis, moving least squares shape functions are used for approximation of temperature field in the weak form of heat transform equation and the transformation method is used for the imposition of essential boundary conditions. Newmark method is applied for solution time depended problem. The effects of CNT distribution pattern and volume fraction, cylinder thickness and boundary conditions are investigated on the transient temperature field of the nanocomposite cylinders.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.245-251
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• 1999

The structural analysis of a reactor coolant pump(RCP) of a nuclear power plant is very important for the safety assessment of the plant. Accurate boundary conditions for the heat transfer coefficient are required for reliable thermal stress analysis of the pump casing, especially in transient operations of the pump since the coolant properties are largely dependent on operational conditions. In the present study, a 3D mixed flow type coolant pump was modeled from the RCP drawings and analyzed in the steady state and number of transient flow conditions by using a commercial code STAR-CD. From the result of the computation, it is seem that the average heat transfer coefficients for the cases considered are found to be the suggested values of the manufacturer, Westinghouse Energy System. The unevenness in local heat transfer coefficients, however, is found to be considerable so that the use of average heat transfer coefficients in all boundaries might not give reliable thermal stresses.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

Repeated tracer tests are often conducted to improve the accuracy of parameter estimation or are sometimes inevitably performed due to mechanical issues or human errors occurred during initial tracer tests. However, residual concentrations from preceding tracer tests can interfere with the injection concentrations of subsequent tests, potentially compromising accuracy of parameter estimation in those later tests. Additionally, repeated injections and interruptions can create transient flow conditions, which have not been adequately considered to date. In this study, a new analytical solution was developed to generate a type curve for repeated tracer tests under transient flow conditions. The solution was validated through numerical simulations. By using the proposed analytical solution, the residual concentration from preceding tracer tests can be effectively accounted for, enabling more accurate parameter estimation for subsequent tracer tests under transient flow conditions.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2014

The IEC standard for onshore or offshore wind turbines requires additional dummy simulations (at least 5 s) for the transient responses due to initial conditions. An increase in the dummy time causes a considerable increase in the computational cost considering multiple design spirals with several thousand design load analysis cases. A time of 30 s is typically used in practical simulations for a wind turbine design with a fixed platform. However, 30 s may be insufficient for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) because the platforms have lower natural frequencies, and the transient responses will last much longer. In this paper, an initial condition application algorithm is implemented for WindHydro, and the appropriate dummy simulation time is investigated based on a series of dynamic simulations of a FOWT. As a result, it is found that more than 300 s is required for the platform to have stationary motion after the initial transient responses for the FOWT under the conditions considered.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.382-395
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• 2002

An experimental study on transient critical heat flux (CHF) under flow coastdown has been performed for the water flow in a non-uniformly heated vertical annulus under low flow and a wide range of pressure conditions. The objectives of this study are to systematically investigate the effect of the flow transient on the CHF and to compare the transient CHF with steady-state CHF The transient CHF experiments have been performed for three kinds of flow transient modes based on the coastdown data of a nuclear power plant reactor coolant pump. At the same inlet subcooling, system pressure and heat flux, the effect of the initial mass flux on the critical mass flux can be negligible. However, the effect of the initial mass flux on the time-to- CHF becomes large as the heat flux decreases. The critical mass flux has the largest value for slow flow reduction rate. There is a pressure effect on the ratio of the transient CHF data to steady-state CHF data. Except under low system pressure conditions, the flow transient CHF was revealed to be conservative compared with the steady-state CHF data. Bowling CHF correlation and thermal hydraulic system code MARS show promising results for the prediction of CHF occurrence .

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2004

Computational models for analyzing the in-reactor behavior of metallic fuel pins under transient conditions in liquid-metal reactors are developed and implemented in the TRAMAC (TRAnsient thermo-Mechanical Analysis Code) for a metal fuel rod under transient operation conditions. Not only the basic models for a fuel rod performance but also some sub-models used for transient condition are installed in TRAMAC. Among the models, a fission gas release model, which takes the multi-bubble size distribution into account to characterize the lenticular bubble shape and the saturation condition on the grain boundary and the cladding deformation model have been developed based mainly on the existing models in the MAC-SIS code. Finally, cladding strains are calculated from the amount of thermal creep, irradiation creep, and irradiation swelling. The cladding strain model in TRAMAC predicts well the absolute magnitudes and gen-eral trends of their predictions compared with those of experimental data. TRAMAC results for the FH-1,2,6 pins are more conservative than experimental data and relatively reasonable than those of FPIN2 code. From the calculation results of TRAMAC, it is apparent that the code is capable of predicting fission gas release, and cladding deformation for LMR metal fuel finder transient operation conditions. The results show that in general, the predictions of TRAMAC agree well with the available irradiation data.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.335-341
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• 2009

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis shows that film thickness is very flat in the contact area and pressure distribution is somehow similar to that of Hertzian contact pressure except the outlet region with pressure spike. These typical patterns of EHL film thickness and pressure are the cases under the steady contact conditions of applied loads and speeds. However, many engineering contacts are rather under the conditions of varying loads and contact speeds, and therefore the predictions for endurance life and performance of machine elements with steady EHL analysis are not suitable in many occasions. This study shows the differences in film thickness formation and pressure distribution between steady and transient contact conditions in several contact cases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.525-542
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• 2006

On the basis of equilibrium equations for static electric and magnetic fields, two unknown functions related to electric and magnetic fields were firstly introduced to rewrite the governing equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions for mechanical field. Then by introducing a dependent variable and a special function satisfying the inhomogeneous mechanical boundary conditions, the governing equation for a new variable with homogeneous mechanical boundary conditions is obtained. By using the separation of variables technique as well as the electric and magnetic boundary conditions, the dynamic problem of a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic hollow sphere under spherically symmetric deformation is transformed to two Volterra integral equations of the second kind about two unknown functions of time. Cubic Hermite polynomials are adopted to approximate the two undetermined functions at each time subinterval and the recursive formula for solving the integral equations is derived. Transient responses of displacements, stresses, electric and magnetic potentials are completely determined at the end. Numerical results are presented and discussed.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.3 no.2 s.7
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• pp.24-30
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• 2000

The structural analysis of a reactor coolant pump(RCP) of a nuclear power plant is very important for the safety assessment of the plant. Accurate boundary conditions for the heat transfer coefficient are required for reliable thermal stress analysis of the pump casing, especially in transient operations of the pump since the coolant properties are largely dependent on operational conditions. In the present study, a 3D mixed flow type coolant pump was modeled from the RCP drawings and analyzed in the steady state and number of transient flow conditions by using a commercial code STAR-CD. From the result of the computation, it is seen that the average heat transfer coefficients for the cases considered are found to be the suggested values of the manufacturer, Westinghouse Energy System. The unevenness in local heat transfer coefficients, however, is found to be considerable so that the use of average heat transfer coefficients in all boundaries might not give reliable thermal stress predictions.