• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.262-269
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• 2007

The blur phenomenon obscuring the boundary between the field of designers and that of users may be the key paradigm in the 21st century. However, we observed a number of chair design cases that could be considered as the results of blur pheonomenon in the furniture design field from mid 1960s. The backgrounds include the repulsion against the uniform functionalism, deliberation on the life in the future and the development of plastic materials and their processing methods. Under such backgrounds, the designers pursued the new and futuristic furniture design. In that process, what is about the "freedom" that the consumers as well as the designers should have in using the furniture was the important concept. This concept enabled the creation of chair design inducing the participation of consumers. They created various kinds of shapes, functions and structures that the consumers became interested in as if they had fun with toy blocks by mainly using the new material "plastic". In a formative aspect, the entire shape is classified into the organic shape and geometric shape. The unit types are divided into two kinds; type that the unit of simple shape is repeated only with size difference and irregular combination type of the units comprised of more than two shapes. In the functional aspect, some cases showed the transformation and expansion of the function more variously. Other cases changed the function of chairs to tables, cabinets, or objects. In the structural aspect, on the basis of the method assembling each unit, one method is to assemble using the hardware and the other is to assemble only with intrinsic units of chair. The chair design created by the blur phenomenon between the designers and the users as described above causes the blur phenomenon between the furniture and the space where the furniture is installed. Accordingly, it is expanding the furniture design sphere including the case that the furniture is not selected as the rifle article depending on the characteristics of interior space but it becomes the element leading the characteristics of space. This study aims to estimate the change of interior space and the furniture that my cause the blur phenomenon by examining the cases above appropriate for the paradigm of the 21st century. Furthermore, this study will enable the discussion oil the directions of future furniture design based on its results.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.19
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• pp.145-159
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• 2010

Similar to the other cultural contents, the character industry is based on the media which acts as the technological background. In fact, the character industry is the process of that a created character accesses to the consumers via media, builds its value and becomes licensed as a brand in the market. Therefore, it is crucial to select the most effective media for the consistence of a character in the market, as well as for construction of a higher brand quality of the character. Today, "Webtoon" might be considered as one of the marketing means which utilizes the Internet media for raising the character as a brand. Webtoon has apparent strength because it can be produced in shorter period and with less expense than through other media. Furthermore, Webtoon can be simply featured by the easiness of two-way communication and transference to another media through it. For these reasons, and according to the result of analyzing some Korean Webtoons, it seems obvious that the most effective media in character marketing is the Internet. In addition to the Internet, the strategic development in the media-mix is also important for establishing a brand of a character. However, the effective media-mix is available only when the character's external identity meets with the trait of its media. For the purpose of learning how the media-mix works when a character reaches for the consumers, a character "Hamataeng" was born and used in the experiment. This study will explain the marketing process through the use of own-created Webtoon and other contents, and suggest the ways to build a brand of a character. In addition, it is also indicated that a media-mixing strategy for transformation and expansion of the character to other media.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.439-464
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• 2016

The technical regulation and conformity assessment procedure of our country on ICT equipments is currently required to have more innovation due to the request of main trade countries, the second phase conclusion of MRA, necessity of expansion of conformity assessment service market and demand of manufacturers. The world's leading advanced countries have already proceeded with innovation based on privatization plan. According to the comparative analysis of the level, it turned out that Japan obtained the highest level of privatization while South Korea ranked the lowest level. According to the research result of examination and certification ability of private institutions of our country, it turned out that our country is expected to have possibility of achieving higher level of privatization than that of the present. Moreover, according to the questionnaire survey conducted to the persons concerned regarding privatization direction, they gave positive response to all the indicated survey contents of privatization direction in terms of "delegation of certification services to private sectors (contracting-out)", "transformation of EMC into private voluntary standard" and "changeover of conformity assessment agent". However, from the view of acceptance and conflict model, it is estimated that starting from "delegation of certification services to private sectors (contracting-out)" seems to be the most advisable plan. Also, prior to privatization, it is required to improve relevant systems such as certification examiner system.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.359-370
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• 2017

In overseas-hospital construction, the digital hospital is a trend that is based on the developments of the information and communication technologies, state-of-the-art medical equipment, smart health, and telemedicine. Along with the increasing proportion of IT, this has resulted in the spreading of the concept throughout city-like hospitals and their transformation into digital hospitals. In the hospital-construction business, IT is a key element that will link the modernization of the mechanical, electrical, and equipment systems, construction, and medical equipment for efficiency maximization through integration. The purpose of this study is the analysis of the market-expansion success factors through the construction of a success-story-based, IT-driven overseas-hospital business. The digital-hospital concept and the development process are analyzed through a literature review, and the success factors are analyzed in terms of the cost, time, and quality that are proposed in the project-management body of knowledge. The main contributions of this study regarding the success factors are as follows: First, a cost-side need exists regarding the establishment of strategic-value engineering in terms of increasing the value from the perspectives of the IT and operational infrastructures; second, in terms of the construction time, all of the hospital systems must comply with the established deadlines for the integrated test and commissioning; and lastly, in terms of quality, it is important to ensure that the System Integration digital-hospital services are delivered according to the user requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

Busan Metropolitan City, a research site of this study, was promoted to a metropolitan city in 1995 with the implementation of the local autonomy system, and the overall change was made as it absorbed the surrounding areas to address the shortage of population and space. Twenty-five years after the introduction of the local autonomy system, it is necessary to diagnose whether balanced development of the entire city is being made in accordance with the reorganization of the metropolitan city in terms of spatial structure. In this study, changes in spatial structure and regional characteristics were analyzed by applying population potential, which means potential for future spatial interaction, in time and space. According to the analysis, the development was taking place around the center area and the sub-center established by the urban master plan, but Gangseo-gu and Gijang-gun, which were incorporated in the past, remained stagnant. In addition, it was shown that the spatial expansion of the city was suppressed by the green belt surrounding the city. However, in other regions where the green belt is located, the city has been expanded, which is different from Gijang-gun or Gangseo-gu, which was incorporated into the metropolitan city. Therefore, the cause of the decline in incorporated areas should not be limited to the institutional dimension of land use regulation. Growth management and balanced development plans will be necessary for the development of declining old downtowns and underdeveloped incorporated areas.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.334-339
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• 2004

Microstructures and mechanical properties of SPSed monolithic HAp, HAp-Ag, and HAp-ZrO$_2$sintered bodies were investigated by the XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. The nano-sized HAp powders were successfully synthesized by precipitation of Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$4$H_2O$ and (NH$_4$)HPO$_4$solution. In the HAp-Ag composite, the shrinkage cavities were observed at the interfaces between HAp and large sized Ag particles due to the mismatch of their thermal expansion coefficients. However, no found the defect at the interfaces between HAp and fine-sized Ag particles. In the HAp-ZrO$_2$composite. nano-sized ZrO$_2$particles were almost dispersed at the grain boundaries of HAp phase. The fracture toughness of HAp-Ag and HAp-ZrO$_2$ composites were increased due to the plastic deformation and phase transformation mechanisms of the dispersed fine Ag and ZrO$_2$phase in the HAp matrix, respectively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2011

Ameloblastic fibroma is rare true benign mixed odontogenic tumor. Most of these tumors occur in the posterior region of the mandible under 20 years of age. It develops generally associated with unerupted tooth and grows slowly on the surface of alveolar bone, therefore interferes normal tooth eruption. These lesions rarely showing a little bony expansion, are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally on routine dental exam. It is similar to amleoblastic fibroodontoma and ameloblastic fibrodentinoma clinically and roentgenographically but represents no dental hard tissue formation histologically. Enucleation and curettage of surrounding bone are generally recommended options for treatment. Even though there are some reports of recurrence and malignant transformation and more aggressive treatment options like block resection are suggested sometimes, but in most cases, recurrence is unusual because it is well encapsulated and easily separated from adjucent bony socket. In these cases, we did conservative treatment such as enucleation and curettage to the patients who were visited for ameloblastic fibroma associated with delayed eruption of lower first molar. After regular check-ups, we found relatively natural eruption process of combined teeth.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 2006

This study was conducted on the premise that plan types of the public residential houses proposed after the 1945 implicatively showed the developing process of the modern housing. The formal characteristics created through the developing process were analyzed in Micro-Historically. Moreover, by providing a new viewpoint on the changes of the residential houses that occurred around 1945, we tried to provide the fundamental research background for the research on the developing processes of the future housing cultures. The research pursued mainly on the major spaces that became the modern change indices of housing plan changes from the traditional housings in 1940s to the modern housings such as the master bedrooms(An-Bang), kitchen, the main floored-space(Maru), and the secondary bedroom (Kune-Bang). The major experimental subjects are the 87 public residential plan types designed and supplied by the Korea Housing Cooperation in between 1945 and 1970. The study synthesized the developing process of the public residential houses from the traditional residential houses in 1940s through modern situation and intrusion of foreign housing cultures. Following results were derived from the study: First, various and experimental housing plan types had been proposed as public residential houses since 1945. Among them, the plan having the main floored-space(Maru) were the representative type of public residential houses and various series of houses were constructed based on this type. Second, the main floored-space(Maru) type had continued building connection order of the R-M-R that were used in the traditional houses. On the other hand, with decomposition of connecting ring between the main floored-space(Maru) and the kitchen, rationalization of women circulations and introduction of family-centered spaces had been resolved the demands of modern society. It had greate effect on settlement of the current double-row Maru plan type. Third, in Korea most of plan types for the public residential houses were proposed in between 1945 and 1965. Forth, the location of kitchen and relation between Maru and the master bedroom were arranged visually on the corner and center of the rear row with the micro change characteristics of the public residential houses. In this process, the front row was similar with traditional residential houses but the rear row was differentiated and developed with expansion of Maru and Ondol rooms, increase of closet spaces, and introduction of kitchen that divided spaces for sleeping and eating.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-149
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• 2000

Various modeling techniques for ultrasonic wave propagation and scattering problems in finite solid media are presented. Elastodynamic boundary value problems in inhomogeneous multi-layered plate-like structures are set up for modal analysis of guided wave propagation and numerically solved to obtain dispersion curves which show propagation characteristics of guided waves. As a powerful modeling tool to overcome such numerical difficulties in wave scattering problems as the geometrical complexity and mode conversion, the Boundary Element Method(BEM) is introduced and is combined with the normal mode expansion technique to develop the hybrid BEM, an efficient technique for modeling multi mode conversion of guided wave scattering problems. Time dependent wave forms are obtained through the inverse Fourier transformation of the numerical solutions in the frequency domain. 3D BEM program development is underway to model more practical ultrasonic wave signals. Some encouraging numerical results have recently been obtained in comparison with the analytical solutions for wave propagation in a bar subjected to time harmonic longitudinal excitation. It is expected that the presented modeling techniques for elastic wave propagation and scattering can be applied to establish quantitative nondestructive evaluation techniques in various ways.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-56
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• 2006

This study attempts to review the increasing trend in international marriage of Koreans since 1990 and explore the pattern of socio-demographic characteristics of the married couples. This paper develops a conceptual scheme for changing pattern of nuptiality including an increase in international marriage. As the key forces behind the recent increase in international marriage of Koreans, the effects of rapid decline in fertility, rise in sex ratio at birth, urbanward migration of young women, expansion of gender-equity norms, and globalization are stressed. Micro-data from the marriage registration for the period $1990{\sim}2004$ and the divorce registration for the period $2000{\sim}2004$ are utilized. This study focuses on analyzing age at marriage, previous marital experience, education, occupation, and residence of the married couples. Attention is also focused on demographic characteristics of the divorced couples. Results of analyses reveal that there exists a great deal of diversity in international marriage of Koreans. A notable aspect is the profound differences between Korean men and women in the characteristics of their foreign spouses and themselves as well. Another prominent factor emphasized in the analysis is the nationality of foreign spouse. It is indicated that the stereotype of international marriage facilitated by marriage squeeze can be mainly applied to marriages between Korean men and foreign wives from China, southeast Asian countries and the CIS of the old Soviet Union. On the other hand, direct effects of value transformation and globalization are emphasized in the explanation of marriages between Korean men and foreign wives from more developed countries as well as marriages between Korean women and foreign husbands.