• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 2023

Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method. Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations. Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual. Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_3호
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• pp.1297-1303
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• 2023

Research on enhancing the mechanical strength, lightweight properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of composite materials by incorporating nano-materials is actively underway. Thermoplastic resins can change their form under heat, making them highly processable and recyclable. In this study, Polyamide-Nylon 6 (PA6), a thermoplastic resin, was utilized, and as reinforcing agents, fused carbon nano-materials (FCN) formed by structurally combining Carbon Nanotube(CNT) and Graphene were employed. Nano-materials often face challenges related to cohesion and dispersion. To address this issue, Silane functional groups were introduced to enhance the dispersion of FCN in PA6. The manufacturing conditions for the composite materials involved determining the use of a dispersant and varying FCN content at 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, and 0.2 wt%. Tensile strength measurements were conducted, and FE-SEM analysis was performed on fracture surfaces. As a result of the tensile strength test, it was confirmed that compared to pure PA6, the strength of the polymer composite with a content of 0.05 wt% was improved by about 60%, for 0.1 wt%, about 65%, and for 0.2 wt%, the strength was improved by 50%. Also, when compared according to the content of FCN, the best strength value was shown when 0.1 wt% was added. The elastic modulus also showed an improvement of about 15% in the case of surface treatment compared to the case without surface treatment, and an improvement of about 70% compared to pure PA6. Through FE-SEM, it was confirmed that the matrix material and silane-modified nanomaterial improved the dispersibility and bonding strength of the interface, helping to support the load evenly and enabling effective stress transfer.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-123
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• 2013

최근 경제 패러다임의 변화로 인해 기업이 글로벌 경쟁우위 및 미래 성장동력 확보하기 위해서는 기술과 경영을 통합적으로 이해할 수 있는 학제적 지식을 바탕으로 기술연구의 동향을 파악하고 융합기술 및 유망기술 예측하여 지속적 혁신, 핵심역량 강화, 핵심기술 보유, 기술 융합 등을 통해 새로운 가치를 창출할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기술경영관련 연구의 거시적인 흐름을 분석하기 위해 동시단어 분석기반의 계량서지학적 방법론을 사용하였다. 즉, 최근 10년 동안 기술경영분야의 주요 해외 저널에 게재된 논문의 키워드를 수집한 다음, 빈도 분석, 초기 키워드 네트워크의 구조 분석, 시간이 지남에 따른 새로 생성된 키워드의 선호적 연결 및 성장 분석, 전체 네트워크에 대한 컴포넌트 분석 및 중심성 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 기술경영분야의 논문에 대한 구체적인 연구 주제를 파악할 수 있고, 이들 간의 관계를 파악함으로써, 학제적 연구와 통섭을 위한 구체적인 연구주제들의 조합을 제시할 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 논문 별 키워드는 1개~23개의 분포를 지니고 있으며, 평균적으로 논문 당 4.574개의 키워드가 있다. 또한 키워드 중 90%가 10년 동안 3번 이하로 사용되었다. 특히 1번만 사용된 키워드는 약 75%의 비중을 차지하고 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 키워드 네트워크는 좁은 세상 네트워크 및 척도 없는 네트워크의 특징을 따르고 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 기술경영관련 논문에 사용된 키워드 중 소수의 키워드의 독점화 경향이 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 선호적 연결 및 성장 분석을 통해 기술경영분야의 키워드는 시간이 지남에 따라 선호적 연결을 통한 생존과 소멸 과정에 의해 부익부 빈익빈 현상이 고착되고 있고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 신규 키워드의 선호적 연결 정도 분석을 통해 신규 연구분야 또는 새로운 연구영역을 창출할 가능성이 있는 키워드 관련 연구 주제에 대한 관심이 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하다가 일정 시점이 지나면 감소함을 확인하였다. 넷째, 컴포넌트 분석 및 중심성 분석을 통해 기술경영관련 연구 동향을 확인하였다. 특히 중심성 분석을 통해 Innovation(혁신), R&D(연구개발), Patent(특허), Forecast(예측), Technology transfer(기술이전), Technology(기술), SME(중소기업) 등의 키워드가 연결중심성, 매개중심성, 근접중심성이 높음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 기술경영의 연구 동향, 타 학문과의 통섭 및 신규 연구주제 선정 시 참고할 수 있는 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2017

고분자 분리막은 가격이 저렴하고, 쉽게 제조가 가능하며, 투과도와 선택도가 우수하여 수처리 분야뿐만 아니라 기체분리에서도 중요한 역할을 한다. 하지만, 고분자 분리막은 일반적으로 투과도와 선택도의 역상관 관계를 나타내는 단점이 있다; 즉, 투과도가 높으면 선택도가 낮고, 선택도가 높으면 투과도가 높다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위한 방안 중의 하나가 촉진수송이다. 지난 수십 년간 촉진수송 이론은 촉진수송 분리막 제조에 있어 매우 중요하고 다양한 모델을 제시하는 데에 핵심적인 역할을 하였다. 한편, 촉진수송에서 주된 역할을 하는 운반체의 특성, 매질의 유동성 및 고분자 복합체의 물리화학적 성질 등을 이해하는 것은 중요하다. 운반체의 유동성에 따라 촉진수송 분리막의 종류를 3가지로 나눌 수 있다; 즉, 이동상 운반체 분리막, 준이동상 운반체 분리막, 고정상 운반체 분리막. 또한 촉진 운반체가 특정물질과 상호작용하는 데에는 4가지 종류의 가역반응으로 나눌 수 있다; 즉, 수소원자 전달 반응, 친핵성 첨가반응, 파이-착체 반응, 그리고 전기화학 반응. 이러한 촉진수송 분리막은 이산화탄소, 산소, 올레핀(프로필렌, 에틸렌)의 투과도를 선택적으로 향상시키는 역할을 한다. 이와 같이 본 총설에서는 다양한 촉진수송 분리막에 관련된 주요 연구내용과 이러한 연구를 수행하는 대표적인 전략들을 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.441-441
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• 2009

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been widely investigated as a next-generation solar cell because of their simple fabrication process and low coats. The cells use a porous nanocrystalline TiO2 matrix coated with a sensitizer dye that acts as the light-harvesting element. The photo-exited dye injects electrons into the $TiO_2$ particles, and the oxide dye reacts with I- in the electrolyte in regenerative cycle that is completed by the reduction of $I_3^-$ at a platinum-coated counter electrode. Since $TiO_2$ porous film plays a key role in the enhancement of photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC, many scientists focus their researches on it. Especially, a high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency results from particle size and crystallographic phase, film porosity, surface structure, charge and surface area to volume ratio of porous $TiO_2$ electrodes, on which the dye can be sufficiently adsorbed. Effective treatment of the photoanode is important to improve DSSC performance. In this paper, to obtain properties of surface and dispersion as nitric acid treated $TiO_2$ photoelectrode was investigate. The photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs based the electrode fabricated by nitric acid pre-treatment $TiO_2$ materials gave better performances on both of short circuit current density and open circuit voltage. We compare dispersion of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles before and after nitric acid treatment and measured Ti oxidized state from XPS. Low charge transfer resistance was obtained in nitric acid treated sample than that of untreated sample. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on the nitric acid treatment had open-circuit voltage of 0.71 V, a short-circuit current of 15.2 mAcm-2 and an energy conversion efficiency of 6.6 % under light intensity of $100\;mWcm^{-2}$. About 14 % increases in efficiency obtained when the $TiO_2$ electrode was treated by nitric acid.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 1992

The present study was carried out to investigate morphologic changes in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat by electron microscope after administration of prostaglandin F2$\alpha$(PGF2$\alpha$). Pregnant rates were treated with PGF2$\alpha$(1,500$\mu\textrm{g}$/rat) and their corpura lutea were observed morphologically. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The weight of the ovaries and corpura lutea were decreased slightly at 8~24 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ administratin but no significant differences were observed. 2. The number of corpora lutea and luteal cells decreased slightly at 12~48 hours and 18~24 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ tretment but there were no signifciant differences between control and treatment. 3. The weight of uterus and the unmber of embryo decreased slightly at 96 hours and at 18~96 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ administration but no significant differences were obtained. 4. In the electron microscopic observatons, lipid droplets which are electron dense and appear in the cytoplasm moderately increased in number after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment. The lipid droplets were surrounded by mitochodria and appeared in the autophagic vacuoles. 5. Moderated and high electron dense mitochondria which are round or elongated in shape showed pleomorphism from 3 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment. Destruction of tubular of vesicular cristae was observed at 6 hours after the treatment. Dense body and myelin figures in matrix of mitochondria were also appeared. 6. Well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum(sER) showed tubular or vesicular cisternae. A number of whorl membranes containing ribosomes, mitochondria and lipid droplets were observed at 1.5 hour after treatment. sER was abundant in luteal cells at 12 hours were treatment. 7. Well-developed Golgi pparatus appeared obviously 6 hours and more prominently at 12 hours. Those Golgi vesicles were remarkably dilated. 8. Generally, a few rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were appeared after treatment and cisternae showed slight dilatation. No differences among the treatments were observed. However, slight dilation of cisternae was observed at 1.5 hours after treatment. 9. Ribosomes composed of free and polyribosomes were abundant before treatment but polyribosomes were appeared at 12 to 24 hours after treatment. 10. Intercellular space were slightly extended at 3 hours and markedly extended at 12 hours. Numerous microvillous protrusions were observed at these times. Membranous multivesicular structures and autophagic vacuoles were also appeared in the intercellular space. 11. At 3 hours after the treatment, autophagic vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm of the cell. They increased in number with time and were observed to transfer to the intercellular space. Lysosomal dense body appeared in the cytoplasm and the inclusion body was also observed in nucleus at 12 to 24 hours after treatment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.951-960
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• 2010

Sediment works as a resource for electric cells. This paper was designed in order to verify how sediment cells work with anodic material such as metal and carbon fiber. As known quite well, sediment under sea, rivers or streams provides a furbished environment for generating electrons via some electron transfer mechanism within specific microbial population or corrosive oxidation on the metal surfaces in the presence of oxygen or water molecules. We experimented with one type of sediment cell using different anodic material so as to attain prolonged, maximum electric power. Iron, Zinc, aluminum, copper, zinc/copper, and graphite felt were tested for anodes. Also, combined type of anodes-metal embedded in the graphite fiber matrix-was experimented for better performances. The results show that the combined type of anodes exhibited sustainable electricity production for ca. 600 h with max. $0.57\;W/m^2$ Al/Graphite. Meanwhile, graphite-only electrodes produced max. $0.11\;W/m^2$ along with quite stationary electric output, and for a zinc electrode, in which the electricity generated was not stable with time, therefore resulting in relatively sharp drop in that after 100 h or so, the maximum power density was $0.64\;W/m^2$. It was observed that the corrosive reaction rates in the metal electrodes might be varied, so that strength and stability in the electric performances(voltage and current density) could be affected by them. In addition to that, COD(chemical oxygen demand) of the sediment of the cell system was reduced by 17.5~36.7% in 600 h, which implied that the organic matter in the sediment would be partially converted into non-COD substances, that is, would suggest a way for decontamination of the aged, anaerobic sediment as well. The pH reduction for all electrodes could be a sign of organic acid production due to complicated chemical changes in the sediment.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2003

EIT 구도에 비결맞음 광펌핑(incoherent optical pumping) 과정을 더하여 구성된 밀도 반전 없는 광증폭(Amplification without inversion; AWI)매질에서 광펄스의 전파 과정에 대한 이론적인 분석을 실시하였다 펌핑광의 세기를 변화시킴으로써 광펄스의 군속도를 제어할 수 있음을 실험적으로 관측한 논문[Kim et al., J. Phys. B, 36 (2003)]을 이론적으로 설명하기 위차여 5 준위 원자계를 모형으로 선택하여 밀도행렬방정식을 적용하였다. 특히,본 연구에서 분석한 AWI 구도는 지금까지 연구되어 온 구도와 달리 EIT 구도 밖의 독립적인 에너지 준위들 사이의 전이선을 이용함으로써 보다 많은 원자들이 상호작용에 기여할 수 있는 구도이다. AWI증폭 효율에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 것은 바닥 준위 사이의 충돌에 의한 밀도 전이가 주요하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, 보다 많은 원자들을 상호작용에 참여시킴으로써 광펄스의 속도를 효과적으로 조절할 수 있음이 수치해석 결과를 통해 밝혔고. 이는 실험 결과와 정성적으로 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2020

Ashwagandha is an important ancient medicinal crops, being affected with many diseases, among which leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata has become the constraint resulting in huge yield losses. Continuous usage of chemical methods leads to environment, soil and water pollution. Whereas biological control of diseases is long lasting, inexpensive, eco-friendly and harmless to target organisms. In this context, it is aimed to evaluate five Trichoderma strains viz. Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 as bio-control efficacy against A. alternata and growth promoting effect in Ashwagandha. All the Trichoderma strains had varied antagonistic effects against the pathogen. In dual culture technique, the strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 showed maximum percentage inhibition of mycelial growth (54.89%) followed by T. harzianum IMI-392432 (53.83%), T. harzianum IMI-392434 (48.94%) and T. virens IMI-392430, (43.62%) against the pathogen, while the least inhibition percentage was observed with the T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (36.60%). The culture filtrate of the Trichoderma strain, T. harzianum IMI-392433 recorded highest inhibition on the mycelial growth (39.05%) and spore germination (80.77%) of pathogen and the lowest was recorded in T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (20.45 and 50%). Moreover, seeds treated with spore suspension of the strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 reduced the percentages of disease severity index significantly. The strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 also significantly increased seed germination %, seedling vigor and growth of Ashwagandha. The correlation matrix showed that root yield per plant of Ashwagandha had significant and positive correlation with plant height (r=0.726^⁎⁎), number of leaf (r=0.514^⁎⁎), number of primary branch (r=0.820^⁎⁎), number of secondary branch (r=0.829^⁎⁎), fresh plant weight (r=0.887^⁎⁎), plant dry weight (r=0.613^⁎⁎), root length (r=0.824^⁎⁎), root diameter (r=0.786^⁎⁎), root dry weight (r=0.739^⁎⁎) and fresh root weight (r=0.731^⁎⁎). The significant and negative correlation (r=-0.336^⁎⁎) was observed with the root yield and percentages of disease severity index. The study recognized that the T. harzianum IMI-392433 strain performed well in inhibiting the mycelial growth and reduced the percentages of disease severity index of pathogen as well as increased the plant growth in Ashwagandha.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

2004년 7월 단행된 서울시 대중교통 개편 정책 이후 통합거리비례요금제도와 함께 대중교통카드(스마트카드) 시스템이 새롭게 도입되었다. 이렇게 도입된 대중교통카드는 개개인의 통행, 환승 정보 및 이용 수단 등의 통행 정보를 포함하고 있기 때문에 기존에 불가능하였던 경로 기반의 개인 및 대중교통의 통행 특성을 정확히 파악할 수 있다. 따라서 통합된 대중교통망에서의 대중교통 평가에 크게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 하지만, 아직까지 국내에서는 대중교통 평가를 시뮬레이션 및 자료 구축 등의 한계로 인하여 링크기반통행배정모형에 의존한 연구와 분석이 주를 이루고 있는 것이 현실이다. 앞에서 언급했듯이, 현재는 대중교통카드로부터 전수화된 경로 기반의 개인 및 대중교통 통행 특성 자료를 얻는 것이 가능하다. 결국 이는 기존의 링크 기반의 대중교통 분석 방안으로는 한계가 있었던 통합적 교통망 차원의 대중교통 평가를 경로 기반의 대중교통 분석으로 전환하는 데 크게 기여할 수 있으리라 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 향후 전개될 통합 대중교통 시대에 적합하며, 대중교통카드로부터 얻어진 통행 자료를 최대한 활용할 수 있는 경로 기반 통행배정 모형에 적합한 알고리즘을 제안하도록 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 기존에 연구된 경로 기반 통행배정 모형에서 선험적이지만 구현이 용이하고 안정적인 해를 도출하는 것으로 알려진 Column Generation 알고리즘을 활용하는 방안을 제시한다. 특히 본 연구는 출발지와 도착지에 탐색된 경로를 이용하여 구축된 부분 네트워크에 국부적인 균형 해법을 도출하여 전체적인 해법에 도달하게 하는 기법을 활용한다.