• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-139
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• 2007

This paper contributes by incorporating works addressing supply chain coordination and investing in setup reduction program. Consider a two-echelon, EOQ-like inventory system consisting of a supplier and a buyer. We assume that both the supplier and the buyer can invest in setup cost reduction programs in order to benefit from small order sizes. However, the costs of investing in setup cost reduction programs are different for the two parties, leading to mismatches in individually optimal setup costs and order cycle times. We propose a supply chain coordination contract that makes use of quantity discount as an incentive transfer scheme for supply chain coordination.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1084-1092
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• 2005

Various urban transport policies have an effect on urban transit riderships. This study reports variations of metropolitan subway travel patterns affected by an enormous change in bus routes and transfer discount policy between subway and bus mode conducted by Seoul city in July 1st of 2004. In an effort to see the difference between the before and the after policies, two datasets are prepared. Firstly, on a daily bassis, an origin-destination trip table of May of 2004 is used. Secondly, on a daily bassis, an origin-destination trip table of August-September of 2004 is used as a counter measure. Even if seasonal variation was not considered. there were increasing riderships of about 0.25 million on a daily basis. Subway line 2 and 7 have an important role in changes. The effects or system changes, however. largely varied on location and subway line numbers.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.623-649
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• 2005

This study examines the underlying properties of technology valuation and empirically tests the difference in various aspects of the determinants of technology valuation in Korea. In particular, this study analyzes influential factors on the determination of economic value of a technology. For this purpose, we look into the trends of technology valuation in Korea and analyze the patterns of technology valuation in terms of intellectual property, technology area, discount rate, and contribution of technology to business value. By doing so, this paper investigates how the economic value of a technology in transfer or commercialization of technology is determined in Korea and draw implications from the process of discussion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.2 s.73
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• pp.27-39
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper presents realistic policy alternative about recent tendency to decrease of subway-users and diminution of use efficiency which are serious problems of Busan Subway. Several policy alternatives have been studied until now, such as subway transfer impedance solution plan, introduction of subway to transfer fare discounting policy, and etc.. But, those policy alternatives are difficult to carried out, because they are less effective and overburden to financial aspect. Therefore, I made use of research on subway utilization to presuppose service improvement, as an alternative, in the transfer fare discounting system between bus and subway which might be powerful influence over subway-users. To verify this proposed study, I took advantage of Stated Preference(SP) where I estimated fare revenue and effects on fluctuation of subway-users with nested logit model based on research results. Suitable alternatives are as follows: First, If municipal government carries out transfer fare discounting policy without shortening in-vehicle time and out-of-vehicle time transfer fare, it is reasonable to discount transfer fare 50% off on the assumption of financial support as much as \6.700 million annually. Secondly, in case of application of multi-factors at a time, transfer fare discounting and in & out vehicle time, it is preferred to have no charge for transfer option with financial support as much as expected income-loss \5,600 million.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.169-198
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• 2009

This paper sees some legal phases of the forfaiting transactions performed by using bills of exchange (drafts) or promissory notes. It focuses on the issues of the endorsement without recourse and the aval under the Korean statute for such negotiable instruments which is enacted by succeeding to the Convention Providing a Uniform Law For Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes (Geneva, 1930) of the League of Nations. This paper purposes to give basic legal guides for forfaiting participants in order for them to be able to prevent and solve some problems caused by lack of understanding for relevant rules of law. Forfaiting is a useful technic as it provides financing for international export businesses by enabling forfaiters to discount future payment obligations on non-recourse basis. It gives benefits to exporters by removing political, transfer and commercial risks of importers or their country. Also it protects exporters from the risks of the increase of interest rates and the fluctuation of exchange rate as well. In traditionally normal forfaiting transactions, exporter of goods generally takes promissory notes or accepted drafts from importers in payment for the price of goods. Further, when the exporter is not comfortable with the importer's credit or is not confident whether the importer will pay the accepted drafts or the promissory notes as they come due, the exporter nomally requires the importer to make the importer's bank (avalizer or guarantor) add an aval, which is made by the written expression of intention, the words of "per aval", and the guarantor's signature on the drafts or promissory notes. The exporter endorses without recourse to transfer the drafts or the promissory notes to the forfaiter, typically a bank, who purchases the drafts or the promissory notes without recourse.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 대중교통수단간 환승할인제도를 서울시에서 도입할 경우 할인의 대상적 범위를 확정하고 할인율을 결정하는 것이다. 최적대안을 찾기 위해 서울시 교통혼잡관리를 위해 개발된 SECOMM 모형의 수단 선택패러미터값을 활용한 모의분석방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 공간적인 범위를 서울시로 한정했고, 환승 할인 대상에서 마을버스와 좌석버스가 제외하였다. 모의분석결과 서울시에서 단기적으로 시행가능한 환승할인제도는 버스와 지하철간의 환승만을 대상으로 기존 요금을 500원에서 600원으로 100원씩 인상한 상태에서 이후 수단에 대해 30%가지 할인을 해주는 안이 현실적으로 가장 도입가능성이 높은 대안으로 분석되었다. 이 경우 지하철 이용수요는 0.2% 가까이 늘어나는 대신 버스이용자는 다소 감소할 것으로 분석되었으며 연간 802억원에 가까운 요금수입 증대효과가 나타날 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 요금의 인상이 없을 경우 이후 수단에 대해 30%를 할인해 준다면 (버스-버스 환승할시) 연간 2,000억 이상의 정부지원이 전제되어야하며 그 이상 할인해줄 경우는 적자규모가 급격하게 늘어나기 때문에 현재 운영기관의 재정여건을 감안할 때 도입하기 힘든 대안으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 분석시 버스와 지하철의 다양한 요금유형을 충분하게 반영하지 못했고 오전첨두시 데이터로 요금에 대한 민감도가 낮은 문제가 이으며, 모의분석 결과이기 때문에 현실에 적용하는데 있어서는 운영기관 실무진들의 추가적인 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 실행을 위해서는 환승할인이 인정되는 시간간격, 할인 방식, 버스하차시 시간기록장치 설치여부 등이 선결되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1261-1266
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• 2008

Experimental study was performed to understand the operations of a showcase working in a discount store. Temperatures of evaporation, condenser were measured and also electric power consumption of compressor were measured. The purpose of this study is to application use of cold-heat storage systems operated the showcase. At the condition using ice storage system, the ice making process was operated during midnight being not needed the cooling of the showcase through the continuous running of the condenser unit. And then, the refrigerant was sub-cooled using stored cold-heat after being discharged from the air cooling condenser during the day time. The cooling performance was increased owing to the sub-cooling of refrigerant during day time, hence the running time of the compressor was effectively decreased. In other words, this study showed that power consumption during daytime can be transferred to the midnight for making use of the refrigerant sub-cooling. So the operating characteristics of the showcase system under various working conditions were analyzed and discussed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of public transit accessibility on the Carsharing use demand. By utilizing the rental historical DB of Greencar which is operated in Suwon city and public transit GIS DB, the use demand models for Carsharing by rental offices are built and analyzed in accordance with public transit accessibility. The result indicates 73% of walking as a majority, 3% cycling, and 20% using buses and urban railways to access Carsharing rental offices. The goodness of fit of Carsharing use models reflecting accessibility to buses and railways is verified as 0.818 which proves that public transit accessibility is a significant variable. Therefore, it is verified that installing Carsharing rental offices where public transit transfer is convenient can possibly increase the use demand. Especially, while accessibility to buses is verified as a significant variable out of other public transit means, the accessibility to urban railways is verified as not significant. This suggests that a variety of complementary policies such as transfer discount policy and one-way transfer return policy are necessary in between urban railways and Carsharing in order to promote mutual use demand in accordance with the other public transit means. This study result is yet the basic research on Carsharing, however it is expected to contribute to improvement of transfer demand in between different public transit means.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2010

Users of metropolitan railroad is increased continuously because of its various advantage such as comfortableness, convenience and punctuality. Thus, several local government including Seoul considered new installation or extension of railroads and four railroad operators maintain seventeen lines at present. After public transportation reforms in 2004 and integrated discount fare system in 2007, public transportation become more convenient in many aspects. However, these trials gives much more complex allocating problems of revenues among public transportation operators. In this paper, we deal with revenue allocating problems among public transportation operators after integrated discount fare system in 2007. Specifically, this study focuses on allocating revenues to metropolitan railroad operators by using RF card data. This research roughly proposes the methodology of O/D extraction from RF card data, generalized cost estimation and allocating revenue algorithm. We use RF card data in order to draw out exact individual O/D data and try to compare our results with those of Korea Smart Card Company. In generalized cost estimation, survey study about transfer factors is conducted for accurate estimation of generalized cost function. Lastly, new allocating revenue algorithm using k-path and non-dominated path concept is suggested. It is expected that case study is also performed with real revenues and O/D data in order to check up the application. Preposed methodology in this research can contribute to solve present and future revenue allocating issues according to the introduction of LRT and private railroad.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.155-167
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• 2016

Technology valuation is necessary for determining the feasibility of technology commercialization. However, existing methods focus only on technology evaluation, with limitation in sufficiently reflecting buyer viewpoint. In addition, it causes a gap between estimated value and market value. Therefore, this research suggests a new technology valuation method which focuses on the perspectives of buyers. Technology factors, buyer factors and market factors are first determined and their relationships are analyzed. Second, based on the relationships, profit projections are calculated using the discount cash flow method. Finally, profit projections for each year are discounted. The proposed method was applied using the ubiquitous home network system and audio service and illumination control method and results compared with the value of a technology valuation guide distributed by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. The technology valuation approach used in this research is quantitative and systematic and can be used as a decision making support tool in technology transfer, reflecting various perspectives of stakeholders.