• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2022

최근 고성능컴퓨팅, 인공지능 분야에서 GPU 장치 사용이 일반화되고 있지만, GPU 프로그래밍은 여전히 어렵게 여겨진다. 특히 호스트(host) 메모리와 GPU 메모리를 별도로 관리하기 때문에 성능과 편의성 방면에서 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라 여려가지 CPU-GPU 메모리 전송 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 한편 CPU와 GPU 및 통합메모리(Unified memory) 등 하나의 실리콘 패키지로 묶는 SoC(System on a Chip) 제품들이 최근에 많이 출시되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 통합메모리 장치에서 CPU, GPU 장치간 데이터를 사용하고 전송시 성능관련 비교를 하고자 한다. 기존 CPU내 호스트 메모리와 GPU 메모리가 분리된 환경과는 다른 특징을 보여준다. 여기서는 통합메모리 장치인 NVIDIA SoC칩들과 NVIDIA SMX 기반 V100 GPU 카드에서 CPU-GPU 간 데이터 전송 프로그래밍 기법별로 성능비교를 한다. 성능비교를 위해 워크로드는 HPC 분야의 수치계산에서 자주 사용하는 2차원 행렬 전치 커널이다. 실험을 통해 CPU-GPU 메모리 전송 프로그래밍 방법별 GPU 커널 성능차이, 페이지 잠긴 메모리와 페이지 가능 메모리를 사용했을 경우 전송 성능차이, 전체(Overall) 성능비교, 마지막으로 워크로드 크기별 성능비교를 하였다. 이를 통해 통합메모리칩인 NVIDIA Xavier에서 I/O 캐시일관성 지원을 통해 SoC 칩내 통합메모리에 대한 이점을 극대화 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.728-733
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• 2008

Though multi-panel structures lined with a poroelastic material have been widely used to reduce sound transmission in various fields, most of the previous works to design them were conducted by repeated analyses or experiments based on initially given configurations or sequences. Therefore, it was difficult to obtain the optimal sequence of multi-panel structures lined with a poroelastic material yielding superior sound isolation capability. In this work, we propose a new design method to sequence a multi-panel structure lined with a poroelastic material having maximized sound transmission loss. Being formulated as a one-dimensional topology optimization problem for a given target frequency, the optimal sequencing of panel-poroelastic layers is systematically carried out in an iterative manner. In this method, a panel layer is expressed as a limiting case of a poroelastic layer to facilitate the optimization process. This means that main material properties of a poroelastic material are treated as Interpolated functions of design variables. The designed sequences of panel-poroelastic layers were shown to be significantly affected by the target frequencies; more panel layers were used at higher target frequencies. The sound transmission loss of the system was calculated by the transfer matrix derived from Biot's theory.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.938-941
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• 2006

We present a new design method of one-dimensional multi-layered acoustic foams for transmission loss maximization by topology optimization. Multi-layered acoustic foam sequences consisting of acoustic air layers and poroelastic material layers are designed for target frequency values. For successful topology optimization design of multi-layered acoustic foams, the material interpolation concept of topology optimization is adopted. In doing so, an acoustic air layer is modeled as a limiting poroelastic material layer; acoustic air and poroelastic material are handled by a single set of governing equations based on Biot's theory. For efficient analysis of a specific multi-layered foam appearing during optimization, we do not solve the differential equations directly, but we use an efficient transfer matrix approach which can be derived from Biot's theory. Through some numerical case studies, the proposed design method for finding optimal multi-layer sequencing is validated.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2008

The d-q harmonic detecting algorithms are dominant methods to generate current references for active power filters (APF). They are often implemented in the synchronous frame and time domain. This paper researches the frequency characteristics of d-q synchronous transformations, which are closely related to the analysis and design issues of control system. Intuitively, the synchronous transformation is explained with amplitude modulation (AM) in this paper. Then, the synchronous filter is proven to be a time-invariant and linear system, and its transfer function matrix is derived in the stationary frames. These frequency-domain models imply that the synchronous transformation has an equivalent effect of frequency transformation. It is because of this feature, the d-q method achieves band-pass characteristics with the low pass filters in the synchronous frame at run time. To simplify these analytical models, an instantaneous positive-negative sequence frame is proposed as expansion of traditional symmetrical components theory. Furthermore, the synchronous filter is compared with the traditional bind-pass filters based on these frequency-domain analytical models. The d-q harmonic detection methods are also improved to eliminate the inherent coupling effect of synchronous transformation. Typical examples are given to verify previous analysis and comparison. Simulation and experimental results are also provided for verification.

• 소음진동
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.565-575
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• 1995

Gearboxes are often used in the petrochemical and electrical power plants to transmit mechanical power between two branches of a machinery train rotating at different speeds. When the gearboxes are connected with rotors supported by journal bearings, bearing loads vary in magnitude and direction with rotor speed and torque transmitted by the gearboxes. In this study, dynamic characteristics of the system which consists of gearboxes and a rotor supported by journal bearings are investigated analytically and experimentally by employing the polynomial transfer matrix method and modal analysis under different speeds and torque levels. Journal bearing loads due to the transmitted torque are claculated analytically and the stiffness and damping coefficient of the journal bearings are obtained using finite element method. Comparison of the analytical and experimental results shows that the cross coupled stiffness coefficients increase with increasing rotor speed, while the cross coupled damping coefficients decrease. This generates the oil whirl instability in the journal bearings. As the transmitted torque level goes up, the stiffness coefficients of the journal bearing and the first horizontal natural frequency increase. High levels of the transmitted torque produce high bearing stiffness since the contact loads of the mating gear teeth increase. The logarithmic decrement, which is a stability indicator, is shown to decrease with increasing speed and decreasing torque. Thus, at the low torque level, the system become unstable even at the low shaft speed.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2011

This paper presents practical results for the estimation of vibration level inside a powertrain based on the rigid body theory and measurement. The vibration level of inside powertrain has been used for the calculation of excitation force of an engine indirectly. However it was difficult to estimate or measure the vibration level inside of a powertrain when a powertrain works on the driving condition of a vehicle. To do this work, the rigid body theory is employed. At the first, the vibration on the surface of a powertrain is measured and its results are secondly used for the estimation the vibration level inside of powertrain together with rigid body theory. Also did research on how to decrease the error rate when the rigid body theory is applied. This method is successfully applied to the estimation of the vibration level on arbitrary point of powertrain on the driving condition at the road.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.342-350
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• 2009

Fuel cells convert a fuel together with oxygen in a highly efficient electrochemical reaction to electricity and water. Since the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack dose not generate any noise, Fuel cell systems are expected to operated much quieter than combustion engines. However, the tonal noise and the broad band noise caused by a centrifugal compressor and an electric motor cause which is required to feed the ambient air to the cathode of the fuel cell stack with high pressure. In this study, the multi-camber perforated muffler is used to reduce noise. We propose optimized muffler model using an axiomatic design method that optimizes the parameters of perforated muffler while keeping the volume of muffler minimized.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.479-495
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• 2019

Periodic cellular core structures included in sandwich panels possess good stiffness while saving weight and only lately their potential to act as passive vibration filters is increasingly being studied. Classical homogeneous honeycombs show poor vibracoustic performance and only by varying certain geometrical features, a shift and/or variation in bandgap frequency range occurs. This work aims to investigate the vibration filtering properties of the AUXHEX "hybrid" core, which is a cellular structure containing cells of different shapes. Numerical simulations are carried out using two different approaches. The first technique used is the harmonic analysis with commercially available software, and the second one, which has been proved to be computationally more efficient, consists in the Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM), which still makes use of finite elements (FEM) packages, but instead of working with large models, it exploits the periodicity of the structure by analysing only the unit cell, thanks to the Floquet-Bloch theorem. Both techniques allow to produce graphs such as frequency response plots (FRF's) and dispersion curves, which are powerful tools used to identify the spectral bandgap signature of the considered structure. The hybrid cellular core pattern AUXHEX is analysed and results are discussed, focusing the investigation on the possible spectral bandgap signature heritage that a hybrid core experiences from their "parents" homogeneous cell cores.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

In this paper, the natural frequency of a cracked cantilever L-beams with a coupled bending and torsional vibrations is investigate by theory and experiment. In addition, a method for detection of crack in a cantilever L-beams is presented based on natural frequency measurements. The governing differential equations of a cracked L-beam are derived via Hamilton's principle. The two coupled governing differential equations are reduced to one sixth order ordinary differential equation in terms of the flexural displacement. Futher, the dynamic transfer matrix method is used for calculation of a exact natural frequencies of L-beams. The crack is assumed to be in the first mode of fracture and to be always opened during vibrations. In this study, the differences between the actual and predicted positions and sizes of crack are less than about 10 % and 39.5 % respectively.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.322-331
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• 1988

본 논문에서는 고차 inverse Chebyshev 함수를 이용하여 능동 RC필터로 설계할 때 최대 동적범위를 갖고, 감도가 낮은 종속연결법으로 실현하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이때, 최대 동적범위를 만족시키도록 평탄행렬에 의한 최적 극점-영점 결합과 종속 연결순서 및 이득 분배에 대한 알고리즘을 제시하였으며, 능동 RC 회로의 단점인 감도 문제를 향상시키기 위하여 부 궤환을 갖는 2차 블록과 1차 블록을 설계하였다. 제시된 설계 방법을 이용하여 규준화된 7차 inverse Chebyshev함수의 능동 RC저역통과 필터를 설계한 결과 주어진 설계 명세조건과 일치함을 보였다.