• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

This study tries to review 'Sakuteiki(作庭記)', the Book of Garden Making, compiled at the end of the 11th Century during the Heian Period of Japan, from the East-Asian perspective. 'Sakuteiki' is a Garden Theory Book, the oldest in the world as well as in Asia, and it contains the traditional knowledge of Japanese ancient garden culture, which originated from the continent(Korea and China). Traditional knowledge related to East-Asian garden culture reviewed in this paper is "Fungsu Theory"(風水, Asian traditional ecology: Fengshui in Chinese; Fusui in Japanese), stemmed from the culture to seek sound and blessed places to live in. Viewed from modern landscape architecture, the Fungsu Theory corresponds to ecology(science). The Fungsu Theory was established around the Han Dynasty of China together with the Yinyangwuxing(陰陽五行) Theory and widely used for making human residences including gardens. It was transmitted to Japan via Korea as well as through direct transaction between Japan and China. This study reinterprets garden design principles represented in Sakuteiki, which were selected in 5 key words according to the Fungsu Theory. The 5 key words for the Fungsu Theory are "the place in harmony of four guardian gods(四神相應地)", "planting trees in the four cardinal directions", "flow of Chi(氣)", "curved line and asymmetry", and "mountain is the king, water is the people". Garden design principles of "the place in harmony of four guardian gods(四神相應地)" and "planting trees in the four cardinal directions" are corresponding to "Myeongdang-ron(明堂論, Theory of propitious site)". The place in harmony of four guardian gods mentioned in Sakuteiki is a landform surrounded by the flow of water to the east, the great path to the west, the pond to the south, and the hill to the north. And the Theory originated from Zhaijing(宅經, Classic of dwelling Sites) of China. According to this principle, the city was planned and as a miniature model, the residence of the aristocrat during the Heian period was made. At the residence the location of the garden surrounded by the four gods(the flow of water, the great path, the pond, and the hill) is the Myeongdang(明堂, the propitious site: Mingtang in Chinese; Meido in Japanese). Sakuteiki explains how to substitute for the four gods by planting trees in the four cardinal directions when they were not given by nature. This way of planting originated from Zhaijing(宅經) and also goes back to Qiminyaoshu (齊民要術), compiled in the 6th Century of China. In this way of planting, the number of trees suggested in Sakuteiki is related to Hetu(河圖) and Luoshu(洛書), which are iconography of Yi(易), the philosophy of change, in ancient China. Such way of planting corresponds to that of Yongdoseo(龍圖墅, the villa based on the principle of Hetu) presented in Sanrimgyeongje (山林經濟), an encyclopedia on agriculture and living in the 17th Century of Korea. And garden design principles of "the flow of Chi(氣)", "curved line and asymmetry" is connected to "Saenggi Theory(生氣論, Theory of vitality)". Sakuteiki explains the right flow of Chi(氣) through the proper flow and the reverse flow of the garden stream and also suggests the curved line of the garden stream, asymmetric arrangement of bridges and stones in the garden, and indented shape of pond edges, which are ways of accumulating Chi(氣) and therefore lead to "Saenggi Theory" of the Fungsu Theory. The last design principle, "mountain is the king, water is the people", is related to "Hyeongguk Theory(形局論, Theory of form)" of the Fungsu Theory. Sakuteiki explains the meaning of garden through a metaphor, which views mountain as king, water as the people, and stones as king's retainers. It compares the situation in which the king governs the people with the help of his retainers to the ecological phenomena in which mountain(earth) controls water with the help of stones. This principle befits "Hyeongguk Theory(形局論, Theory of form)" of the Fungsu Theory which explains landform on the analogy of social systems, people, animals and things. As above, major garden design principles represented in Sakuteiki can be interpreted in the context of the Fungsu Theory, the traditional knowledge system in East Asia. Therefore, we can find the significance of Sakuteiki in that the wisdom of ancient garden culture in East-Asia was integrated in it, although it described the knowhow of a specific garden style in a specific period of Japan.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.503-525
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• 1997

정보시스템 아웃소싱(outsourcing)의 적용 범위와 그 규모가 증대함에 따라, 아웃 소싱은 정보시스템의 관리에서 근본적인 이슈로 등장하게 되었다. 정보시스템 아웃소싱의 중요성이 인식되었으나, 그에 대한 실증적 연구는 매우 미흡한 설정이다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 정보시스템 아웃소싱에 있어 고객회사(client firm)와 서비스 제공업자(vendor)간의 관계의 성공 및 실패에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구의 연구 모델은 관 계적거래이론(relational exchange theory), 커뮤니케이션 행동(communication behavior), 거래비용분석(transaction cost analysis) 등의 조직간관계(interorganizational relationship) 이론에 기반을 두고 작성되었다. 미국의 207개 회사의 정보시스템 아웃소싱 설문조사에 의 하여 다음과 같은 연구결과가 도출되었다. (1) 서비스 제공업자의 능력(vendor capability), 관계결속성(solidarity), 관계지속성(continuity expectation), 유연성(flexibility), 서비스업자의 활동에 대한 모니터링(monitoring of the vendor), 참여도(participation) 등이 아웃소싱 관 계의 성공과 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있으며, (2) 역할연합도(role integrity), 자산특이성 (asset specificity) 등은 아웃소싱 관계의 성공과 음의 관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났 다. 이 결과에 의하면, 비관계적 거래(discrete exchange) 보다는, 관계적 거래(relational exchange)에 기반을 두어 아웃소싱 관계를 운영하는 것이 아웃소싱의 성공적인 구현을 필 수적으로 보여진다. 이 연구 결과를 기초로 하여 아웃소싱 대상 업무의 선택, 서비스 제공 업자의 선택, 그리고 아웃소싱 관계의 지속적인 관리를 위한 지침을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 2018

Recently, it becomes a big trend in the banking industry to apply a big data analytics technique to extract essential knowledge from their customer database. Such a trend is based on the capability to analyze the big data with powerful analytics software and recognize the value of big data analysis results. However, there exits still a need for more systematic theory and mechanism about how to adopt a big data analytics approach in the banking industry. Especially, there is no study proposing a practical case study in which big data analytics is successfully accomplished from the marketing perspective. Therefore, this study aims to analyze a target marketing case in the banking industry from the view of big data analytics. Target database is a big data in which about 3.5 million customers and their transaction records have been stored for 3 years. Practical implications are derived from the marketing perspective. We address detailed processes and related field test results. It proved critical for the big data analysts to consider a sense of Veracity and Value, in addition to traditional Big Data's 3V (Volume, Velocity, and Variety), so that more significant business meanings may be extracted from the big data results.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.4B no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

The salient pole rotor type single phase SRM (switched reluctance motor) uses radial and axial direction magnetic flux simultaneously. Therefore, the output power per unit volume is very high and the shaft length is shorter than other types of SRMs with the same output. Furthermore, it can be manufactured with low cost owing to its simple structure and driving circuit. The prototype was designed using the theory of the traditional rotating machine and 3D FEM analysis. On this paper, the experiment apparatus, which includes the fabricated prototype in previous researches, was fabricated to measure the current and voltage of the prototype. Then the flux linkage, inductance and magnetic co-energy were calculated using the experimental results. Finally, the measured magnetic co-energy was compared with the simulated magnetic co-energy.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-83
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• 1997

정보시스템 아웃소싱(outsourcing)의 적용 범위와 그 규모가 증대함에 따라, 아웃 소시은 정보시스템의 관리에서 근본적인 이슈로 등장하게 되었다. 정보시스템 아웃소시의 중요성이 인식되었으나, 그에 대한 실증적 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 정보시스템 아웃소싱에 있어 고객회사(client firm)와 서비스 제공업자(vendor)간의 관계의 성공 및 실패에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구의 연구 모델은 관 계적 거래이론(relational exchange theory), 커뮤티케이션 행동(communication behavior), 거래비용분석(transaction cost analysis) 등의 조직간 관계(interorganizational relationship) 이론에 기반을 두고 작성되었다. 미국의 207개 회사의 정보시스템 아웃소싱 설문조사에 의 하여 다음과 같은 연구결과가 도출되었다. (1) 서비스 제공업자의 능력(vendor capability), 관계결속성(solidarity), 터링(monitoring of the vendor), 참여도(participation) 등이 아웃소 싱 관계의 성공과 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있으며, (2) 역할참여도(role integrity), 자산특이 성(asset specificity) 등은 아웃소싱 관계의 성공과 음의 관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났 다. 이 결과에 의하면, 비관계적 거래(discrete exchange) 보다는, 관계적거래(relational exchange)에 기반을 두어 아웃소싱 관계를 운영하는 것이 아웃소싱의 성공적인 구현을 위 하여 필수적으로 보여진다. 이 연구 결과를 기초로 하여 아웃소싱 대상 업무의 선택, 서비 스 제공업자의 선택, 그리고 아웃소싱 관계의 지속적인 관리를 위한 지침을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.231-240
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• 2020

E-commerce development led to the explosion of online payment. Consumers have many choices when deciding on the online payment method for each transaction. Using a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods with the help of SPSS AMOS version 22.0, the article explores the factors that influence consumers' online payment method decision behavior in Vietnam. Research results show that awareness of usefulness, awareness of risk, awareness of trust, awareness ease of use, product uncertainly perception and perceived behavioral control have effects on the behavior of deciding on online payment methods. Awareness of risk has the strongest negative impact on online payment method decision behavior and awareness of usefulness has the strongest positive impact on online payment method decision behavior. Based on these important results, the article proposes a number of implications: (i) continuing to invest and upgrade modern technology to ensure customer information absolutely confidential; (ii) converting all ATM cards on the market to EMV chip standard card technology; (iii) improving service activities, quickly handle things to create confidence for customers; (iv) credit institutions operating in the field of online payment linked to e-commerce sites, supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants must ask partners to increase transparency for the products.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.49
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• pp.7-33
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• 2002

This study analyse interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations using data on the 31 organizations in Chanju area. Interorganizational networks are operationalized in two ways: conference network and referral network. First, this study attempt to examine the characteristics of interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations. Using block model, I can capture some of the structural features of interorganizational networks. Major findings of block modeling are as follows: (1) Public organizations are more inactive to make a connect with other organizations. (2) Most of organizations incline to make a connect with same kind organizations. Namely, employment service organizations incline to flock together, and social welfare organizations are also much the same. Second, this study attempt to examine the determinants of interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations. Relations between pairs of organizations are modeled as a function of dyadic level covariates in accordance with resource dependence, transaction cost, and organizational domain theory. Measure of informal ties between organizations are also included as covariates. Applying logit and tobit regression methods, this study reveals that most variables have effects on the dyadic relations of organizations. Through this empirical analysis, I can suggest policy implications for the self-supporting programs in Korea.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.41-66
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• 2010

This research examines the effect of the relatedness and the gap between Resources and mechanisms on effectiveness of inter-organizational knowledge transfer. According to the literature, there has been a competing theory between two claims; one is that inter-organizational knowledge transfer will be more effective due to the reduction of the transaction cost as the relatedness increases. And the other is that the mutual complementarity of different organizational characteristics will increase synergy. In total, the relatedness and the gap of the Resource and mechanism makes the inverted U-shaped relationship with the inter-organizational knowledge transfer. As the result of empirical analysis about 109 Korean-based Joint Ventures entered country, it shows that the relatedness of parent company's production Resources, learning mechanisms, and coordination mechanisms made the inverted U-shaped relations with the inter-organizational knowledge transfer and the gap of production Resources and adjustment mechanism formed the same relationship. However, the U-shaped relationship has been established in the relatedness of market Resources, but the gap of market Resources and the learning mechanism was not statistically significant. Through this study, I can draw a best conclusion that the inter-organizational knowledge transfer will be more effective when the relatedness and the gap of management resources and mechanisms is in optimal level. However, when it comes to market Resources, it can be inferred that the result could be the opposite because the partner country's market environment would be different.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.434-445
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• 2006

정보 기술의 발전으로 금융 채널의 다양화를 이루게 되었으며, 최근 인터넷 뱅킹에 이어 모바일 뱅킹이 도입되면서 금융 채널의 다양화와 급속화가 진행되고 있다. 이는 차별적 고객 채널의 도입과 운용의 필요성을 제시하며, 고객의 특성 및 거래액, 고객이 느끼는 각 채널별 특성을 고려하여 고객 만족 전략을 전개할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 다양화된 금융 매체의 특성과 금융 업무 처리를 수행함에 있어 각 매체별 사용량에 영향을 미치는 요인의 차이는 어떤 것이며, 금융 채널의 사용에 영향을 미치는 매체의 특성들이 반영된 상황 발생시 상황에 얼마나 부합되는 금융 채널을 선택하는지에 대해서도 실증 분석하였다. 연구결과, 오프라인 매체라 할 수 있는 은행 창구와 ATM은 입지에 민감한 금융 매체임에 따라 편리성이 사용량에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며, 온라인 매체라 할 수 있는 폰뱅킹, 인터넷 뱅킹, 모바일 뱅킹은 입지나 위치와는 상관없는 기술적 안전성이 보장되어야 하는 신뢰성이 사용량에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 금융 매체별 사용량에 영향을 미치는 특성을 파악함으로써 금융 기관의 차별적 고객 채널의 도입과 운용의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.347-351
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• 2022

Farmers E-Market is a website that allows agricultural workers to direct market their products to buyers without the use of a middleman. That theory is blockchain system will be used by authors to accomplish this. The system, which is built on a public blockchain system, supports sustainability, shippers, and consumers. Farmers can keep track of their farming activities. Customers can review the product's history and track its journey through carriers to delivery after making a purchase. Farmers are encouraged to get information about their interests promptly in a blockchain-enabled system like this. This functionality is being used by small-scale farmers to form groups based on their location to attract large-scale customers, renegotiate farming techniques or volumes, and enter into contracts with buyers. The analysis shows the use of blockchain technology with a farmer's portal that keeps the video of trading data of crops, taking into account the qualities of blockchain such as values and create or transaction data. The proposal merges python as a programming language with a blockchain system to benefit farmers, vendors, and individuals by preserving transactions.