• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.511-521
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• 2010

This paper presents a new algorithm to determine accurate bus-wise transmission loss allocation utilizing path-integrals dictated by the transaction strategy. For any transaction strategy, the total sum of the allocated transmission losses of all buses is equal to the actual loss given by the AC power-flow calculation considering the distributed slack. In this paper, the bus-wise allocation of the transmission loss is calculated by integrating the differential loss along a path determined by the transaction strategy. The proposed algorithm is also compared with Galiana's method, which is the well-known transmission loss allocation algorithm based on integration. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by case studies carried out on the WSCC 9-bus, IEEE 14-bus, New England 39-bus, and IEEE 118-bus systems. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is fast and accurate with a large step size.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.924-931
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• 2008

This paper presents a buswise transmission loss allocation algorithm utilizing the transaction strategy. We prove that whatever calculated by any transaction strategy, the total of the allocated transmission losses of each bus, including no-load loss allocation, almost equals the total loss of AC power flow algorithm and the loss is perfectly slackbus-independent. In this paper, the allocated transmission losses of each bus is calculated by the method of integrating loss sensitivities using by the load level parameter ${\lambda}$. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the case studies carried out on the WSCC 9-bus and IEEE 14-bus systems.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.5
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• pp.185-209
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• 2000

A review of shows that past research has focused predominately on foreign market entry strategy issues in relatively well-established firms. These studies have either ignored venture firms or have failed to treat these firms separately. Only recently, researchers have broadened their search to include aspects of the foreign market investment of the venture. The purposes of this study are to identify and explain the impact factors such as ownership specific advantage, transaction cost, and location specific advantage on the choice of foreign market entry strategy for venture firms. To find the perceived the foreign market entry strategy and determinant factors, 130 venture CEOs from the computer and communications equipment industries were asked to describe their venture's foreign market entry strategy through 17 questionnaire items on competitive method. Using factor analysis, the six determinant factors were categorized. To test the relationships between the foreign market entry strategy and factors such as ownership specific advantage, transaction cost, and location specific advantage, the data collected by questionnaire from 92 ventures. The main results of this research are as follows. First, the factors of ownership specific advantage have partially significant impact on the foreign market entry strategy of venture firms, Second, the factors of transaction cost have significant impact on their foreign market entry strategy. Third, the factors of location specific advantage have significant impact on their foreign market entry strategy. This study has produced evidence to demonstrate that the foreign market entry strategy profile of venture firms can be distinguished from those of relatively well-established firms. An expanded study would allow for stronger conclusions regarding the relative explanatory power of individual variables in the method. Additional research is also needed to examine other determinant variables connecting foreign market entry strategy.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.257-265
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• 2011

As the competitive market system has been introduced to the electrical power trade, the priority concern would be that the price of electrical power should be reasonable. It is because, when this rule is solid, we can avoid the distortion of competition and assure the greater efficiency in management. LMP(Locational Marginal Price) means marginal price at each bus. This components consist of energy, loss and congestion cost. At this point, the LMP result that is calculated by traditional model is changeable by the location of the slack and can not be used in bilateral Transaction. This paper proposed algorithm is proved its rationality and credibility by comparing the result of the simulation of virtual 6_bus system that is calculated by traditional method, and showed that the LMP components are changed according to the Transaction Strategy. Furthermore, It shows the effect of additional congestion cost on the transmission line that has bottle neck frequently by simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.289-296
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• 2000

The utilization of Internet, which started only at the level of advertisement, has been gradually expanding its application areas as the trial commercial transaction becomes successful, the password-coding technology which removes the risks on the cyber transaction develops, the electronic money appears and other various related technologies progress. Following this trend the securities industry has been experiencing changes along with efforts to use it commercially. This study is to analyze the work of cyber securities companies on the basis of the theoretical background through preceding studies and literature and also analyze the common and different reasons for superiority-securing strategy in competition along with problems and their reasons. And also the objective of this study is to offer new superiority-securing strategy in competition and problem-solving strategy.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2000

The utilization of Internet, which started only at the level of advertisement, has been gradually expanding its application areas as the trial commercial transaction becomes successful, the password-coding technology which removes the risks on the cyber transaction develops, the electronic money appears and other various related technologies progress. Following this trend the securities industry has been experiencing changes along with efforts to use it commercially. This study is to analyze the work of cyber securities companies on the basis of the theoretical background through preceding studies and literature and also analyze the common and different reasons for superiority-securing strategy in competition along with problems and their reasons. And also the objective of this study is to offer new superiority-securing strategy in competition and problem-solving strategy.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.479-486
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• 2013

This study aims to survey the influence of the internet-based real estate transaction systems used by the common people on their decision-making for buying the real estate. That is, the purpose of this study is to review how the system for selection of the real estate has influence on the decision-making for buying the real estate, by exerting influence on the customer-satisfaction. Also, I want to present a scheme for the more effective internet-based real estate transaction system so that the real estate agents may grasp the on-line real estate transaction system and understand the intention of the customers for buying, and thereby establish the active marketing strategy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.80-87
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• 2015

The proliferation of the Internet and communication technologies and applications, besides the conventional retailers, has led to a new form of distribution channel, namely home sopping through the telephone, TV, catalog or the Internet. The conventional and new distribution channels have different transaction costs perceived by the consumers in the following perspectives: the accessibility to the product information, the traffic cost and the opportunity cost for the time to visit the store, the possibility of 'touch and feel' to test the quality of the product, the delivery time and the concern for the security for the personal information. Difference in the transaction costs between the distribution channels results in the different selling prices even for the same product. Moreover, distribution channels with different selling prices necessarily result in different business surpluses. In this paper, we study the multilateral bargaining strategy of a manufacturer who sells a product through multiple distribution channels with different transaction costs. We first derive the Nash equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games. The numerical analyses for the Nash equilibrium solutions show that the optimal bargaining strategy of the manufacturer heavily depends not only on the degree of competition between the distribution channels but on the difference of the business surpluses of the distribution channels. First, it is shown that there can be four types of locally optimal bargaining strategies if we assume the market powers of the manufacturer over the distribution channels can be different. It is also shown that, among the four local optimal bargaining strategies, simultaneous bargaining with the distribution channels is the most preferred bargaining strategy for the manufacturer.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.207-219
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• 2013

The study examined relational marketing in terms of transaction specific satisfaction and cumulative satisfaction in the professional sport industry. The study evaluated the motivation of spectators visiting professional baseball games in 2012 and the satisfaction factors of relationship marketing. In this study, the satisfactions were considered in terms of single satisfaction associated with transaction and gradual satisfaction associated with customer loyalty. The relationship marketing was established considering each factor of marketing strategies, facility, game performance and entertainment. The study categorized the factors for customers to visit games as facility, game performance and entertainment with marketing strategies. The study found out that the customer satisfaction was related with both transaction specific satisfaction and cumulative satisfaction where cumulative one is longer term related. Moreover, cumulative satisfaction will be more related with the long term team financial performance.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.139-158
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• 2009

With the sample of Middle East crude oil imported to South Korea, this study empirically analyzes the effectiveness of the risk management strategies using derivatives such as futures and options. Assuming the hedging period of one to twelve months, it considers a spot purchasing strategy, 1 : 1 futures hedge strategy, OLS-based minimum-variance futures hedge strategy, buying call option strategy, and collar transaction strategy. According to the ex-ante result, using the derivatives of futures or options makes lower the procurement costs when the crude oil prices is increasing. With the hedging period less than or equal to six months, the hedging strategy using futures turns out to be superior in terms of procurement cost reduction and hedging effectiveness improvement. In contrast, the hedging strategies of buying call option and collar transaction would generate better results when the hedging program last over six months.