• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.711-730
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• 2014

In this paper the system dynamic influences in actuators with variable stiffness as contemporary used in robotics for safety and efficiency reasons are investigated. Therefore, different configurations of serial and parallel elasticities are modeled by dynamic equations and linearized transfer functions. The latter ones are used to identify the characteristic behavior of the different systems and to study the effect of the different elasticities. As such actuation concepts are often used to reach energy-efficient operation, a power consumption analysis of the configurations is performed. From the comparison of this with the system dynamics, strategies to select and control stiffness are derived. Those are based on matching the natural frequencies or antiresonance modes of the actuation system to the frequency of the trajectory. Results show that exclusive serial and parallel elasticity can minimize power consumption when tuning the system to the natural frequencies. Antiresonance modes are an additional possibility for stiffness control in the series elastic setup. Configurations combining both types of elasticities do not provide further advantages regarding power reduction but an input parallel elasticity might enable for more versatile stiffness selection. Yet, design and control effort increase in such solutions. Topologies incorporating output parallel elasticity showed not to be beneficial in the chosen example but might do so in specific applications.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2009

Lane Keeping Assistant Systems (LKAS) require the cooperative operation between drivers and active steering angle/torque controllers. An LKAS is proposed in this study such that the desired reference path generation (DRPG) system generates the desired path to minimize the trajectory overshoot. Based on the reference path from the DRPG system, an optimal controller is designed to minimize the cost function. A HIL (Hardware In the Loop) simulator is constructed to evaluate the proposed LKAS system. The single camera is mounted on the simulator and acquires the monitor images to detect lane markers. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by HIL system using the Carsim and the Matlab Simulink.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2005년도 특별논문집
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• pp.171-176
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• 2005

This paper presents a novel Intelligent-Welding-Carriage (IWC) for automation of curved block in shipbuilding. The curved block is usually used in both front and back side of the ship. In curved block root gap is big, 1-7 (mm) and inclination, 0-30 (deg). Since available conventional carriage type is limited to use below root gap of 3 (mm), only manual welding is employed in curved block. To adopt an IWC in curved block, it requires control of the welding conditions, i.e., voltage. current, weaving speed, dwell time and travel speed, with respect to root gap and inclination to achieve good welding qualify. In this paper, an IWC is developed for automization of welding operation to accommodate gap and inclination. Kinematics model and dynamics using Lagrangian formulation of the manipulator is introduced. IWC utilizes a database to perform accurate welding. The database is programmed based on numerous experimental test results with respect to gap, inclination, material, travel speed, weaving condition, voltage, and current. Finally, experimental result using PID control is addressed for verifying the trajectory tracking accuracy of end-effector.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2011

Defense Systems Test Center in ADD supports increasingly various missile test requirements such as higher altitude event, multi target operation and low-altitude, high velocity target tracking. In this paper, we have proposed the development of instrumentation radar tracking status simulator based on virtual reality. This simulator can predict the tracking status and risk of failure using several modeling algorithms. It consists of target model, radar model, environment model and several algorithms includes the multipath interference effects. Simulation results show that the predict tracking status and signal are similar to the test results of the live flight test. This simulator predicts and analyze all of the status and critical parameters such as the optimal site location, servo response, optimal flight trajectory, LOS(Line of Sight). This simulator provides the mission plan with a powerful M&S tool to rehearse and analyze instrumentation tracking radar measurement plan for live flight test at DSTC(Defense Systems Test Center).

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2003

In this work an integrated model for paper plants combining wet-end and dry section is developed and a model predictive control scheme based on the plant model is proposed. Closed-loop process identification method is employed to produce a state-space model. Thick stock, filler flow, machine speed and steam pressure are selected as input variables and basis weight, ash content and moisture content are considered as output variables. The desired output trajectory is constructed in the form of 1st-order dynamics. Results of simulations for control of grade change operations are compared with plant operation data collected during the grade change operations under the same conditions as in simulations. From the comparison, we can see that the proposed model predictive control scheme reduces the grade change time and achieves stable steady-state.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

Many applications in the area of location-based services and personal navigation require nowadays the location determination of a user not only in outdoor environment but also indoor. To locate a person or object in a building, systems that use either infrared, ultrasonic or radio signals, and visible light for optical tracking have been developed. The use of WiFi for location determination has the advantage that no transmitters or receivers have to be installed in the building like in the case of infrared and ultrasonic based location systems. WiFi positioning technology adopts IEEE802.11x standard, by observing the radio signals from access points installed inside a building. These access points can be found nowadays in our daily environment, e.g. in many office buildings, public spaces and in urban areas. The principle of operation of location determination using WiFi signals is based on the measurement of the signal strengths to the surrounding available access points at a mobile terminal (e.g. PDA, notebook PC). An estimate of the location of the terminal is then obtained on the basis of these measurements and a signal propagation model inside the building. The signal propagation model can be obtained using simulations or with prior calibration measurements at known locations in an offline phase. The most common location determination approach is based on signal propagation patterns, namely WiFi fingerprinting. In this paper the underlying technology is briefly reviewed followed by an investigation of two WiFi positioning systems. Testing of the system is performed in two localization test beds, one at the Vienna University of Technology and the second at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. First test showed that the trajectory of a moving user could be obtained with a standard deviation of about ${\pm}$ 3 m.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2003

현실 세계에서 시간에 따라 연속적으로 위치나 모양이 변하며 이동하는 데이타를 시공간 이동 객체라 한다. 기존의 이동 객체 색인은 R-트리의 구조를 가지기 때문에, dead spare, overlap 등 R-트리의 문제점을 그대로 갖고 있을 뿐만 아니라 고려하는 초점에 따라 이 문제가 더 커진다. 따라서, 이 논문에서는 이 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 MPR-트리(Moving Point R-tree)를 제안한다. 제안된 MPR-트리는 추출 연산을 활용하여 특정 시점 질의 및 시공간 범위 질의를 효과적으로 처리하며, 동일한 이동 객체 위치를 시간에 따라 연결리스트로 연결하여 궤적 질의 처리를 용이하게 처리한다. 기존 이동 객체 색인과 비교한 실험으로부터 이동 객체 질의 처리 및 공간 활용에 대해 추출 연산이 유용하게 산임을 확인하였다. 제안된 MPR-트리는 LBS, GPS를 활용한 차량 관리 시스템, 항법 시스템 등 이동 객체 관리를 위한 시스템에서 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2012

도로 중앙에 위치한 버스전용차로는 일반차로상에서 복수의 차로변경을 통해 일반차로의 가장왼쪽 차로에서 버스전용차로로 진입할 수 있다. 성공적인 버스전용차로 운영을 위해서 특히 주목해야 할 사항은 도로 진입구에서 도로중앙에 위치한 버스전용차로 진 출입구간까지의 적당한 차로변경구간길이이다. 차로변경길이 증감에 대한 안전민감도 분석을 통해 적절한 차로변경구간길이에 대한 지침을 도출할 수 있다. 하지만 차로변경구간길이에 대한 지침을 도출하기 위한 과정은 다양한 교통량 및 차로변경구간길이와 안전과의 상관관계 현장데이터가 필요하기 때문에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 미시적 교통시뮬레이션 프로그램(VISSIM)을 통해 차량의 흐름을 시뮬레이션하고, 시뮬레이션된 각 차량의 궤도(trajectory) 데이터를 기초로 Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM)을 이용하여 차로변경구간길이 증감에 따른 차량들간의 상충횟수(또는 안전의 정도)를 조사한다. 그리고 차로변경구간길이와 상충횟수의 관계를 다중선형회귀모형으로 정립한다. 마지막으로 다중선형회귀모형을 통해 차로변경구간길이에 대한 디자인 지침을 도출한다. 디자인 지침은 차로변경 교통량이 증가할수록 안전을 확보하기 위해 증가된 차로변경길이가 요구됨을 보여준다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.146-153
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• 1996

A SCARA type direct drive robot which can be used in the assembly operation was designed and manufactured. Graphite fiber epoxy composite material was used in the fabrication of the robot arm structure in order to improve the speed of the robot arm with a high damping effect. For model-based control and sensitivity analysis of system parameters, the dynamic model of robot arm and drive servo amplifier parameters such as equivalent gains of PWM driver and velocity gains of servo system were estimated from frequency response tests. The complete dynamic model for overall robot system was used in the simulation of the open-loop control. The simulation results agreed reasonably well to the experimental results. The feedforward control using the dynamic models improved the trajectory tracking performance, decreasing the tracking error by factor of three compared with PID control. This study found that the inverse dynamic model of the robot arm including the drive servo system showed better performances than the case of arm dynamic model only.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.910-914
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• 2023

4차 산업혁명의 도래로 인한 기술혁신은 자율운항선박을 중심으로 해상 운송분야까지 활발한 발전을 불러왔다. 특히, 현재의 선원이 직접 운항하는 방식인 유인선박 사이에서 운항하게 될 자율운항선박은 자율도에 따라 원격제어를 통해 운항을 수행하며, 육상에서 이를 제어할 원격운항자에 대한 관심 또한 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 아직 원격운항자가 개입이 필요한 상황이 동시에 발생하는 등을 고려한 원격운항자 최소 인력 요구사항에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구는 특정 해역 구간의 누적된 항적데이터를 활용하여 선박간에 발생할 수 있는 조우상황에서 원격운항자의 개입이 필요한 상황을 정의하고, 해당 구간을 특정 규모의 자율운항선박 선대로 운항하였을 때, 원격운항자의 개입이 동시에 필요한 상황이 얼마나 발생하는지를 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 연구의 결과는 향후 실제 자율운항선박 선대를 운행할 원격운항센터의 원격운항자의 적정인력 배치 등의 계획 또는 정책 수립에 활용될 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.