• Women's Health Nursing
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship between self-reported attachment style, trait anger and anger expression in adolescent women. Method: Five hundred and eighty adolescent women were recruited from March to May, 2006. The instruments were Spielberger's state-trait anger expression inventory-Korean version (Chon, Han, Lee, & Spilelberger, 1997), and Batholomew & Holowitz's attachment style Questionnaire (1991). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and ANOVA using the pc-SPSS (version 10.0) program. Result: The mean score of trait anger and anger-in were higher in adolescent women with an insecure attachment style compared to women with a secure attachment style. Conclusion: This finding suggests that family environment factors such as attachment styles are related to trait anger and anger expression in adolescent women. There is a need to further clarify the relationship of attachment style, trait anger and anger expression in adolescent men.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parent-bonding patterns & environmental variables on rural adolescent's trait-anxiety. The main results were as follows. Frist mother had more affection and father had more overprotection in parent-bonding patterns. Trait-anxiety was the level of medium. Second home atmosphere home life satisfaction parents' scolding health conditions allowance satisfaction friendship the relationship with home teachers school life satisfaction and teacher's scolding were significnat variables on trait anxiety Third an analysis of parent-bonding relationship environmental variable and trait-anxiety showed that school life satisfaction family atmosphere friendship and health conditions were the most crucial environmental variable while father's care and mother's overprotection were the most crucial parent-bonding variables on rural adolescent's trait-anxiety.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1999

This study shows how the lifestyle of Housewife as well as usual socio-economic variables affect the expenditure of urban household. The Result of Factor Analysis revealed that the lifestyle of urban housewives were composed by four different traits. 1) self-improvement and rational trait 2) consumption-oriented convenience seeking trait 3) traditional-conservation trait 4) money-oriented variety seeking trait. Based on the Multiple regression analysis the analysis of the relative influence of variables which were associated with the expenditure of each item showed that influential variables for each item were different but economic variables(e, g , income saving, property etc) affected on most of expenditure. Socio-economic variables were more influential than lifestyle variables for every item. But lifestyle variables were influential the same as Socio-economic variables for unnecessary expenditure item more than necessary items particularly consumption-oriented convenience eeking trait and money-oriented variety seeking trait affected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1400-1410
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• 2020

Objective: Genome-wide association study and two meta-analysis based on GWAS performed to explore the genetic mechanism underlying variation in pig number born alive (NBA) and total number born (TNB). Methods: Single trait GWAS and two meta-analysis (single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis) were used in our study for NBA and TNB on 3,121 Yorkshires from 4 populations, including three different American Yorkshire populations (n = 2,247) and one British Yorkshire populations (n = 874). Results: The result of single trait GWAS showed that no significant associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Using single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis within populations, 11 significant loci were identified associated with target traits. Spindlin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, forkhead box Q1, msh homeobox 1, and LHFPL tetraspan submily member 3 are five functionally plausible candidate genes for NBA and TNB. Compared to the single population GWAS, single-trait Meta analysis can improve the detection power to identify SNPs by integrating information of multiple populations. The multiple-trait analysis reduced the power to detect trait-specific loci but enhanced the power to identify the common loci across traits. Conclusion: In total, our findings identified novel genes to be validated as candidates for NBA and TNB in pigs. Also, it enabled us to enlarge population size by including multiple populations with different genetic backgrounds and increase the power of GWAS by using meta analysis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with nine reproduction and morphological traits in three breed populations of Chinese goats. Methods: The genome-wide association of nine reproduction and morphological traits (litter size, nipple number, wattle, skin color, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were analyzed in three Chinese native goat breeds (n = 336) using an Illumina Goat SNP50 Beadchip. Results: A total of 17 genome-wide or chromosome-wide significant SNPs associated with one reproduction trait (litter size) and six morphological traits (wattle, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were identified in three Chinese native goat breeds, and the candidate genes were annotated. The significant SNPs and corresponding putative candidate genes for each trait are as follows: two SNPs located on chromosomes 6 (CSN3) and 24 (TCF4) for litter size trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 9 (KATNA1) and 1 (UBASH3A) for wattle trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 26 (SORCS3), 24 (DYM), and 20 (PDE4D) for coat color trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 18 (TCF25) and 15 (CLMP) for black dorsal line trait; four SNPs located on chromosome 8, 2 (PAX3), 5 (PIK3C2G), and 28 (PLA2G12B and OIT3) for beard trait; one SNP located on chromosome 18 (KCNG4) for beard length trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 17 (GLRB and GRIA2), 28 (PGBD5), and 4 for hind leg hair trait. In contrast, there were no SNPs identified for nipple number and skin color. Conclusion: The significant SNPs or genes identified in this study provided novel insights into the genetic mechanism underlying important reproduction and morphological traits of three local goat breeds in Southern China as well as further potential applications for breeding goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.923-927
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to compare random regression model and multiple trait animal model estimates of the (co) variance of total sperm cells over the active lifetime of AI boars. Data were provided by Smithfield Premium Genetics (Rose Hill, NC). Total number of records and animals for the random regression model were 19,629 and 1,736, respectively. Data for multiple trait animal model analyses were edited to include only records produced at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 months of age. For the multiple trait method estimates of genetic and residual variance for total sperm cells were heterogeneous among age classifications. When comparing multiple trait method to random regression, heritability estimates were similar except for total sperm cells at 24 months of age. The multiple trait method also resulted in higher estimates of heritability of total sperm cells at every age when compared to random regression results. Random regression analysis provided more detail with regard to changes of variance components with age. Random regression methods are the most appropriate to analyze semen traits as they are longitudinal data measured over the lifetime of boars.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.575-579
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• 2000

First lactation records of 683 Murrah buffaloes maintained at NDRI, Karnal which were progeny of 84 sires used for comparing the heritability estimates of age at first calving, first lactation milk yield and first service period under single and multiple trait models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method of estimation under an individual animal model. The results indicated that the heritability estimates may vary under single and multiple trait models depending upon the magnitude of genetic and environmental correlation among the traits being considered. Therefore, a single or multiple trait model is recommended for estimation of variance components depending upon the goal of breeding programme. However, there may not be any advantage of considering a trait with zero or near zero heritability and having no or very low genetic correlation with other traits in the model. Lower heritability estimates of part lactation yield (120-day milk yield) implied that there may not be any advantage of considering this trait in place of actual 305-day milk yield, whereas, comparable heritability estimates of predicted 305-day milk yield suggested that it could be used for sire evaluation to reduce the cost of milk recording under field conditions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1037-1049
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find the influences of adolescents' sex-role, attachment with parents on self-efficacy of middle school students. The subjects were 281 students. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were examined for statistical analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1) It was shown that the student have a high level attachment to their parents and especially to their fathers. The androgyny was expressed a high among the students' sex-role trait, The students' self-efficacy level was relatively high. 2) It was expressed a significant correlation among adolescents' sex-role trait, attachment with parents and self-efficacy. Especially a high correlation between adolescents' sex-role trait and self-efficacy. 3) The students' self-efficacy level was significantly different according to the sex-role trait, attachment and gender. 4) The relative influence toward the students' self-efficacy was shown in the order of impotance as follows: sex-role trait, attachment with a mother and gender.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the young children's creative trait and personality affecting their learning readiness. The participants were 131 young children in kindergartens or nursery schools and their mothers from Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungnam province. The instruments were the Korea Learning Readiness Test, Young Children's Creative Traits Test, and Young Children's Personality Test. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's partial correlation, stepwise multiple regression, and Scheff$\'{e}$ test by SPSS PC(version17.0) program. The results were as follows. Firstly, there were no significant differences in young children's learning readiness, creative trait and personality by children's age, location, school type, father's age, mother's educational level and mother's job type, while there were significant differences in the creative trait and the subfactor scores of personality by children's sex, father's educational level and parents' job type. Secondly, there was a positive partial correlation(r = .20~.24) between young children's learning readiness and creative trait, while there were no correlations between their learning readiness and personality and between their personality and creative trait. Thirdly, cognitive factor of creative trait and father's educational level did not effectively explain the children's learning readiness.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to study the Psychological Characteristics of Korean Medicine Students, focusing on Korean version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Methods: We conducted survey on 101 Korean Medicine Students to investigate the Psychological Characteristics of Korean Medicine Students, focusing on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: 1. 14.8% of students scored more than 52 points in the State Anxiety Inventory, and 20.8% of students scored more than 53 points in the Trait Anxiety Inventory. 2. Students with anxiety according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory showed higher scores in the Sc, Pd, Si, RC4 scales, as compared to students without anxiety (p<.05). 3. Students with anxiety according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory showed higher scores in the Pt, RCd, RC7 and NEGE scales, as compared to students without anxiety (p<.05). Conclusions: Students with anxiety seem to have difficulty in adjusting socially, as compared to students without anxiety. In addition, students with anxiety have a personality tendency to experience negative emotions, as compared to students without anxiety.