• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.506-517
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• 2015

This paper presents a 1.248 Gb/s - 2.918 Gb/s low-power receiver MIPI-DigRF M-PHY with a fully digital frequency detection loop. MIPI-DigRF M-PHY should be operated in a very short training time which is $0.01{\mu}s$ the for HS-G2B mode. Because of this short SYNC pattern, clock and data recovery (CDR) should have extremely fast locking time. Thus, the quarter rate CDR with a fully digital frequency detection loop is proposed to implement a fast phase tracking loop. Also, a low power CDR architecture, deserializer and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) are proposed to meet the low power requirement of MIPI-DigRF M-PHY. This chip is fabricated using a $0.11{\mu}m$ CMOS process, and the die area is $600{\mu}m{\times}250{\mu}m$. The power consumption of the receiver is 16 mW from the supply voltage of 1.1 V. The measured lock time of the CDR is less than 20 ns. The measured rms and peak jitter are $35.24ps_{p-p}$ and $4.25ps_{rms}$ respectively for HS-G2 mode.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.19 no.2 s.72
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• pp.125-138
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• 2006

The use of system identification approaches for damage detection has been expanded in recent years owing to the advancements in data acquisition system andinformation processing techniques. Soft computing techniques such as neural networks and genetic algorithm have been utilized increasingly for this end due to their excellent pattern recognition capability. In this study, damage detection of bridge structures using neural networks technique based on the modal properties is presented, which can effectively consider the modeling uncertainty in the analysis model from which the training patterns are to be generated. The differences or the ratios of the mode shape components between before and after damage are used as the input to the neural networks in this method, since they are found to be less sensitive to the modeling errors than the mode shapes themselves. Two numerical example analyses on a simple beam and a multi-girder bridge are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.109-136
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• 2009

This study started with concerns for corporate philanthropy that is emerging as an alternative for resource development of social work field in Korea. However, corporate philanthropy is not operating as an accomplished conception yet, but as a type of the practical discourse. Therefore corporate philanthropy is interpreted a multiplicity of meanings is used ambiguously in social work practice field. This is because theoretical reviews on the conceptual thinking of corporate philanthropy are scant and is in need of empirical inquires into conceptual perception of social workers who uses this concept as a stakeholder to corporate philanthropy. After analyzing the data using Q methodology, the result shows that social workers' major perception patterns on corporate philanthropy perspective consists of three patterns; Win-Win Partnership, Social-obligation, Strategic Materialism. These patterns are classified by the dimension of 'classical view', 'socio-economic view', 'modern view' and 'philanthrophic view'. This result will attribute to develop theories, social work practice program and social worker' training program related corporate philanthropy. And to give facilities for lucid communication among practice and theory in social work field as it materializes the explicit conception of corporate philanthropy that is understood ambiguously in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2005

The cascade-correlation (CC) learning algorithm of Fahlman and Lebiere is one of the most influential constructive algorithm in a neural network. Cascading the hidden neurons results in a network that can represent very strong nonlinearities. Although this power is in principle useful, it can be a disadvantage if such strong nonlinearity is not required to solve the problem. 3 models are presented and compared empirically. All of them are based on valiants of the cascade architecture and output neurons weights training of the CC algorithm. Empirical results indicate the followings： (1) In the pattern classification, the model that train only new hidden neuron to output layer connection weights shows the best predictive ability; (2) In the function approximation, the model that removed input-output connection and used sigmoid-linear activation function is better predictability than CasCor algorithm.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.938-949
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a robust speed-limit sign recognition system which is durable to any sign changes caused by exterior damage or color contrast due to light direction. For recognition of speed-limit sign, we apply CNN which is showing an outstanding performance in pattern recognition field. However, original CNN uses multiple hidden layers to extract features and uses fully-connected method with MLP(Multi-layer perceptron) on the result. Therefore, the major demerit of conventional CNN is to require a long time for training and testing. In this paper, we apply randomly-connected classifier instead of fully-connected classifier by combining random forest with output of 2 layers of CNN. We prove that the recognition results of CNN with random forest show best performance than recognition results of CNN with SVM (Support Vector Machine) or MLP classifier when we use eight speed-limit signs of GTSRB (German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.4 s.40
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• pp.357-373
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• 1992

After medical insurance came into effect in Korea, health care system has undergone tremendous changes. Changing patterns of newly established clinics is one of them. To investigate changes and trends, a total of 10,184 clinics which were newly established from 1981 to 1990 were analysed. Data were obtained from the file of contracting medical facilities of the Federation of Medical Insurance Societies. The proportion of newly establishied clinics has increased gradually, so that they amount to 13% of the total medical facilities in Korea. Meanwhile, the number of newly established medium-size hospitals and general hospitals have decreased. The number of newly established clinics per 100,000 populations has increased in the all areas, but the rate of increase has decreased in the cities except in 6 major cities in 1990. The rate of increase in newly established clinics surpasses that of population increase. This study has identified the trend of young physicians' early driving into their solo medical practice than before. This indicates chance of the medical specialty training nowadays toughen due to the limited openings in residency programs. However, the sex ratio of physicians at newly established clinics has not changed. The decreasing tendency to open medical practice without beds and the increasing size of clinics are found in this study(The size has been measured in terms of medical manpower, of beds, and of medical equipment in this study). Two thirds of general practitioners have opened their clinics without beds, although such trend has been less in the case of specialists. All three indicators show increasing size, especially in the case of rural clinics. However, among them, the number of medical equipments has increased most significantly from 8.9 items in 1981 to 12.9 in 1990.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.651-656
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• 2011

Although prosthetic training was received, most of amputees mainly depend on visual feedback to use prostheses, not on cutaneous and proprioceptive sensibility. Our objective of this study was to determine if there are changes in the somatosensory sensibility of amputees compared to non-amputees using multi-channel vibration stimulation system. One transradial amputees and ten non-amputees were involved. To investigate changes of residual somatosensory sensibility at stump, we set up custom-made vibration stimulation system including eight actuators (4 medial and 4 lateral) and GUI-based acquisition system. The results showed that there was similar pattern of subjective response at most of channels among group as stimulation increases. However, amputees' subjective response at channel 8 for 238Hz vibration was more sensitive than that of healthy persons. With respect to channels, response at channel 4 (medial) corresponding region to flexor carpi ulnaris for transradial amputees was most sensitive than other channels. In addition, sensitivity of four medial channels was on average about 0.5 scale than that of four lateral channels. Somatosensory sensibility was amputee, women, and men in sensibility order.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide useful knowledge for improving indicators that represent competitiveness and educational competency of the university by deriving a new pattern or the meaningful results from the data of information disclosure of universities using statistical analysis and data mining techniques. To achieve this, a model of decision tree was made and various factors that affect education/research performance such as employment rate, the number of technology transfer and papers per full-time faculty were explored. In addition to this, the cluster analysis of universities was conducted using attributes related to evaluation of university. According to the analysis, common factors affecting higher education/research performance are following indicators ; incoming student recruitment rate, enrollment rate, and the number of students per full-time faculty. In the cluster analysis, when performed by the entire university, the size, location of the university respectively, clusters are mainly formed by well-known universities, art physical non-science and engineering religious leaders training universities, and others. The main influencing factors of this cluster are higher education/research performance indicators such as employment rate and the number of technology transfer.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.97-118
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception and demand on early childhood science education lectures. In order to verify this purpose, it was applied to 228 pre-service teachers in a 3-year early childhood teacher - training department. There were 3 grades which finish the teacher practice. The results of this study were the following. First, they reported that the educational contents and the teaching skills they acquired in their preliminary program helped them in making class leading plans and leading skills for every activity pattern. Second, pre-service teacher wanted hands on practical activity that can be directly applied in the field.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

Support vector machines have been extensively studied and utilized in pattern recognition area for years. One of interesting applications of this technique is music/speech classification for a standardized codec such as 3GPP2 selectable mode vocoder. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that improves the speech/music classification of support vector machines. While conventional support vector machine optimization techniques apply during training phase, the proposed technique can be adopted in classification phase. In this regard, the proposed approach can be developed and employed in parallel with conventional optimizations, resulting in synergistic boost in classification performance. We first analyze the impact of kernel width parameter on the classifications made by support vector machines. From this analysis, we observe that we can fine-tune outputs of support vector machines with the kernel width parameter. To make the most of this capability, we identify strong correlation among neighboring input frames, and use this correlation information as a guide to adjusting kernel width parameter. According to the experimental results, the proposed algorithm is found to have potential for improving the performance of support vector machines.