• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1D
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

The estimation of total travel time on highway link for a day or year is the most important process for the feasibility analysis of highway or railway. Most of current guidelines for feasibility studies have been based on the time-traffic volume relationship from the BPR, and the traffic volumes have been determined by the application of the design hour factor to the annual average daily traffic volume. Both of the BPR function and the application of the design hour volume may result in the over-estimation of travel time due to the fact that the traffic volume on the large portion of highway links in Korea are close to the capacities. This study proposed a new way which is based on the distribution of hourly volumes for a year. It could be closer to the real situation, and provide more reasonable estimation. This methodology was validated for the national highways, but may be applicable for any type of highway with the AADT.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2003

Earlier efforts on optical access concentrated on the design of PONs for the collection and distribution portion of the access network. The PON architecture is very simple but it requires a MAC protocol for control of upstream traffic. The MAC protocol must support QoS (Quality of Service) administration function by various traffic class, efficient dynamic bandwidth assignment function, CDV (Ceil Delay Variation) minimization function etc. This paper proposes a dynamic bandwidth assignment algorithm of the MAC protocol for a broadband access network using an Ethernet Passive Optical Network supporting various traffic class. We compare our proposed with MDRR algorithm using simulation, and confirmed that our proposed Request-Counter algorithm produces shorter average cell delay.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2004

Differentiated services network (DiffServ) aims to provide the same service to a group of connections that have similar Quality of Service requirements. One of the essential function to realize DiffServ is the traffic conditioning mechanism. The paper proposes the enhanced traffic conditioning mechanism which can assure the reserved rates of TCP and UDP flows and support fair distribution of excess bandwidth. The simulation results show that the new mechanism is rather insensitive of the effect of UDP against TCP throughput, and performs better both in terms of throughput assurance and fair distribution of excess bandwidth in case of well-provisioned and over-provisioned network environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

As a preliminary study of enter or leaving traffic patterns of the Korea main port, port Management Information System (Port-MIS) data was used to check the volume of vessels entering and leaving the port of Busan, and three consecutive days from each seasons were selected for study. Selected 12-day General Information Center on Maritime Safety & Security (GICOMS) data was also used to analyze the traffic pattern in the main traffic lane of Busan port for dangerous goods carrier. Also, the distance between dangerous goods carriers and Oryukdo breakwater of east breakwater in the main traffic lane was analyzed. Collision probability was estimated using the cumulative probability distribution function of the normal distribution for the maritime traffic safety audit scheme based on the assumption that a ship's trajectory has a normal distribution for a section of the route. However, in case of entry or leaving thorough the Oryukdo breakwater and entry thorough the east breakwater, ship's sailing trajectories were revealed not to follow a normal distribution via regularity testing using a KS-test and SW-test. Especially in the north port, the tendency of the right side of the ship to pass was remarkable. It is desirable to develop a traffic model suitable for the characteristics of the port rather than to apply general traffic theories, and to apply this model to a maritime traffic safety diagnosis, so further research is needed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5D
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• pp.821-829
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• 2006

Traffic load comprise primary input to pavement design causing pavement damage. therefore it should be proceeded suitable traffic load distribution modeling for pavement design and analysis. Traffic load have been represented by equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) which convert mixed traffic stream into one value for design purposes. But there are some limit to apply ESALs to other roads because it is empirical value developed as part of the original AASHO(American Association of State Highway Officials) road test. There have been many efforts to solve these problems. Several leading country have implemented M-E(Mechanistic-Empirical) design procedures based on mechanical concept. As a result, they established traffic load quantification method using load distribution model known as Axle Load Spectra. This paper details Axle Load Spectra and presents axle load distribution model based on normal mixture distribution function using truck load data collected by WIM system installed in national highway. Axle load spectra and axle load distribution model presented in this paper could be useful for basic data when making traffic load quantification plan for pavement design, overweight vehicle permit plan and pavement maintenance cost plan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Objectives To evaluate the treatment effect of Bee-venom Acupuncture on Neck Pain by Traffic Accidents, which is well known for anti-inflammatory effect and function of activating immune system. Methods We investigated 33 cases of patients with Neck Pain by Traffic Accidents by soft tissue injury. One group was treated by Bee-venom Acupuncture therapy, the other group was treated by General Acupuncture therapy . We evaluated the treatment effect of each group by Treatment Days & Number of Times, Distribution of Clinical evaluation grade, Visual Analog Scale before and after Treatment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-323
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• 2009

Charts for the bending moments in the closed rib orthotropic deck plate are derived, based on the method originally introduced by Pelikan and Esslinger. New charts are done for EN 1991-2 traffic load distribution schemes. The governing Huber plate equation is solved utilizing Fourier series for various bridge deck plate boundary conditions. Bending moments are given as a function of deck plate rigidities and span length between cross beams. Old diagrams according to DIN 1072, the new ones according to EN 1991-2 and FE analyses results are compared. For typical bridge orthotropic deck plates, it can be concluded that the new EN 1991-2 traffic loads produce larger mid-span bending moments when two lane schemes are used, then those of DIN 1072. For support moments, DIN 1072 gives larger values for any number of lanes, especially under span lengths of 5m. The relevant differences are up to 25%.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 1982

This paper presents a practical guidence for determining an optimal traffic control system at intersections in the urban areas in Korea. Two alternative systems, unsignalized and signalized, are considered. For analyzing the unsignalized system, two kinds of simulation model are developed ; gap acceptance model and first -in -first - out model. For the signalized system the total delay function for general arrival distribution is developed under the assumption that departure time is constant and it is used to find an optimal cycle time. Finally, the results in these two alternative systems are compared under the minimum average delay criterion and an optimal traffic control system is determined. This approach supports the decision making whether to install a traffic signal system in an intersection with given traffic flows and, if installed, determines what is the optimal cycle time and how the traffic signal phases are divided. And it also gives upper bounds of traffic flows to be passed in the unsignalized and the signalized system, which can be effectively used whenever an intersection is designed.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-147
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop intelligent vehicle parking distribution system based on LoRa network at the circumstance of traffic congestion during cultural festival in a local city. This paper proposes a parking dispatch and distribution system using a Q-learning algorithm to rapidly disperse traffics that increases suddenly because of in-bound traffics from the outside of a city in the real-time base as well as to increase parking probability in a parking lot which is widely located in a city. Design/methodology/approach The system get information on realtime-base from the sensor network of IoT (LoRa network). It will contribute to solve the sudden increase in traffic and parking bottlenecks during local cultural festival. We applied the simulation system with Queuing model to the Yudeung Festival in Jinju, Korea. We proposed a Q-learning algorithm that could change the learning policy by setting the acceptability value of each parking lot as a threshold from the Jinju highway IC (Interchange) to the 7 parking lots. LoRa Network platform supports to browse parking resource information to each vehicle in realtime. The system updates Q-table periodically using Q-learning algorithm as soon as get information from parking lots. The Queuing Theory with Poisson arrival distribution is used to get probability distribution function. The Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest distance. Findings This paper suggest a simulation test to verify the efficiency of Q-learning algorithm at the circumstance of high traffic jam in a city during local festival. As a result of the simulation, the proposed algorithm performed well even when each parking lot was somewhat saturated. When an intelligent learning system such as an O-learning algorithm is applied, it is possible to more effectively distribute the vehicle to a lot with a high parking probability when the vehicle inflow from the outside rapidly increases at a specific time, such as a local city cultural festival.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.62-62
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new technique of estimating tail of steady-state queue length distribution; Pr(Q>q), fo ATM multiplexer. Pr(Q>q) is a fundamental measure of network congestion. Assessing Pr(Q>q) properly is crucial for design and control of ATM networks. Data traffic pattern of high-speed networks is highly correlated and bursty. Estimating Pr(Q>q) is very difficult because of correlation and burstiness. We estimate entropy(rate-function) using large deviation principles and threshold bootstrap. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the performance of an existing method and our new method.