• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.203-215
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study deals with first traffic violations occurred by novice drivers, which may be associated with traffic accidents. The objective of this study is to identify what kinds of drivers' characteristics influence on duration till the first traffic violation. METHODS : For the study, Survival Analysis and Cox proportional hazard model, that are usually used in the medical field, were employed. Survival Analysis was conducted to investigate whether there exist differences in survival duration by each covariate, whereas Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify significant factors that affect survival duration till novice drivers violate traffic regulations for the first time after getting a driver license. RESULTS : The results of Survival Analysis indicate that female, age (less than 21), low-frequency examinee of written exam, and non-crash involved drivers have longer duration till the first violation compared to male, greater than 21 years old, high-frequency examinee of written exam, and crash involved drivers, respectively. For the Cox proportional hazard model, license class 1 acquisitor was found to increase the survival duration till the first traffic violation was made, while male, age of 21-24, age of 25-34, age of 45-54, and crash involved drivers were more likely to reduce the survival duration. CONCLUSIONS : Absolutely, traffic violation is closely related to traffic accidents and all of the drivers should keep the traffic regulations to enhance highway safety. The results of this study might provide some insights to construct safe road environments by controlling the factors that reduce the traffic violation duration of novice drivers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) are also essential to the efficiency of airports and the airline industry. With the increasing volume of traffic, managing flights is a complex and sometimes very stressful job. ATC is using radar and other technology to track planes 'en route' between airports and keep in touch with pilots. Alternatively, ATCs are liaising with the planes on approach. However, ATC's working condition is getting more stressful, as the volume of air traffic increases. Thus this paper tried to research cognitive emotional regulation, job satisfaction, and job involvement and organizational committment of ATCs under the stressful work condition, taking care of safety of a couple of hundreds passengers per plane. Using CERQ survey sheet (Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire), it was found out that positive thinking and acceptance of self-blame have a significant impact on job satisfaction, work absorption and organizational Loyalty.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

Exceptive clause of ambulance stated in Road Traffic Laws of ambulance car accidents is not properly applied and emergency staffs who transfer over 85% of emergency cases are to be forced to start out to the emergency field with unstable conditions which they may be punished on the criminal and civil laws. Hereby this study makes the following suggestions to activate the duties of transferring emergency cases by emergency staffs, promote their morale and diminish the victim of emergency staffs due to traffic accidents. 1) It is prescribed that ambulance car drivers should be protected legally by applying the exceptive clauses thoroughly regulated in special case clauses because ambulance cars are used for the purpose of saving the human life. 2) On the traffic accidents occurred during the transfer of emergency cases, the special insurance system is created for treating the ambulance car accidents, not to bind the emergency staff's mistake to traffic law and the victims are compensated by the nation on the basis of insurance system and emergency staffs have the systematic security. 3) On the road over six lanes, emergency lane is set on the center and ambulance car should be used as the exclusive lane. 4) Ambulance car drivers must have the habit of transferring emergency cases rapidly within the range of legal operation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.699-704
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• 2010

Recently, the navigation risk is increasing significantly with growing of vessels' volume and propelling marine facilities, water bridges and port development etc. As a result, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs enacted a new law called MSA(Maritime Safety Audit) as a comprehensive maritime traffic safety management scheme in order to ensure safety improvements from the early planning stage to post managing of the development which affect the maritime traffic environment. MSA as a tool for improving maritime traffic safety is a formal safety diagnosis assessment in the existing or future ship's fairway by an independent audit institute. It examines the potential hazards of maritime traffic safety about the port development, if necessary, and is to ensure the implementation of appropriate safety measures. The primary purpose of MSA is to identify potential risk elements affecting safe navigation. This paper is aimed to introduce the backgrounds, the necessity and efficiency of MSA and also to describe some technical standards and diagnostic procedures.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of air traffic controller's leadership characteristics and hazardous attitudes on the team effectiveness. The effectiveness make use of team efficacy and team commitment. Leadership characteristics and hazardous attitudes make use of the contents of a CRM manual. The study showed following results. 1) Leadership characteristics has a positive influence on the team effectiveness. 2) Hazardous attitudes has a partially bad influence on the team effectiveness. This study was conducted under the auspice of civil and military ATC facilies and by participation of devoting ATC controller's.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.200-203
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• 2010

The obstructive factors of the smoothly running traffic are street improvement, major commercial buildings like department stores, the large markets, the stadiums, the concert buildings, a lot of steady cars for using parking lot. The accident of cost many lives and traffic congestion from these factors cause the result that it enables to pay the enormous expenditure socially and financially. For solving these problems, Japan adopts the Traffic Flagger System in 1972. This task has the effects of improving traffic flow in the traffic jam and mitigating risk of car accidents as leading pedestrians and vehicles thereby the task carries into effect in the area where the accident took place. Moreover, this security task is rapid growth after adopting and 59.6%(5,317) of the whole security company 8,924 in Japan based on December 2009 registered as the traffic leading security business. While South Korea is demanded of the measures about obstructive factors of the smoothly running traffic, it represents the limitation of the system and the safety management. Thus the current study suggests the we will analyze South Korea's actual condition and then discuss the law and education system for a realizable plan reached the public-Private cooperation for adopting Japan's Traffic Leading Security System.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.12
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• pp.246-274
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• 2000

This paper discusses the qualification criteria for international hub airport and suggests the strategies for Inchon International Airport (IIA) to be the hub airport in the East Asia. Recently, many East and Southeast Asia countries have invested on large scale international airports like Chap Lak Kok airport, Pudong airport etc.. as Korea have done on IIA. IIA to be open in 2001 will face a serious competition with these airport. Being a hub airport requires geographic proximity. sufficient volume of local traffic. uncongested infrastructure, a good accessibility to surrounding industrial centers. high quality of service to the airline. In order to promote airlines to land at IIA. Korea Government need to establish Open Sky Policy to many countries and national flag carriers of Korea need to be involved in a global alliance. Developing vicinity of IIA as free trade zone will generated more local traffic which makes IIA as more attractive candidate for airlines. The Korea airspace is one of the most restricted area in the world becuase of the national security. which limits civil aircraft maneuvers. The airspace need to be re-structured to exploit the full capacity of IIA.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.371-388
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• 2016

International air transport for cargo services is a facilitator for various trade sectors and, by itself, an important service industry. Although international air cargo industry is expected to grow continuously, industry stakeholders complain about legal constraints in the industry and demand more liberalized regime. From its birth at the beginning of the 20th century, the airline industry was tightly regulated by governments with a strong tradition of protectionism. In the past few decades, however, protectionism in the airline industry has steadily declined. Indeed, the airline industry is largely in the process of liberalization. Interestingly, it has been easier to liberalize air cargo service than passenger service. Indeed, states have traditionally shown far more willingness to provide market access for foreign carriers carrying cargo than passengers. Given the impact of air cargo service in a state's wider economy and own characteristics of cargo services (i.e. air cargo traffic is inherently one-way, unlike passenger traffic, which tends to involve round trips), more liberalized approach is necessary for air cargo services. Among three approaches: bilateral, regional (block-based) and multilateral, it is desirable to adopt a multilateral treaty (a new multilateral all-cargo agreement) so as to harmonize and simplify complicated trade regulations on air cargo services.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.505-522
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• 2014

While effects of the atmospheric boundary layer flow on engineering infrastructure are more or less known, some local transient winds create difficulties for structures, traffic and human activities. Hence, further research is required to fully elucidate flow characteristics of some of those very unique local winds. In this study, important characteristics of observed vertical velocity profiles along the main wind direction for the gusty Bora wind blowing along the eastern Adriatic coast are presented. Commonly used empirical power-law and the logarithmic-law profiles are compared against unique 3-level high-frequency Bora measurements. The experimental data agree well with the power-law and logarithmic-law approximations. An interesting feature observed is a decrease in the power-law exponent and aerodynamic surface roughness length, and an increase in friction velocity with increasing Bora wind velocity. This indicates an urban-like velocity profile for smaller wind velocities and rural-like velocity profile for larger wind velocities, which is due to a stronger increase in absolute velocity at each of the heights observed as compared to the respective velocity gradient (difference in average velocity among two different heights). The trends observed are similar during both the day and night. The thermal stratification is near neutral due to a strong mechanical mixing. The differences in aerodynamic surface roughness length are negligible for different time averaging periods when using the median. For the friction velocity, the arithmetic mean proved to be independent of the time record length, while for the power-law exponent both the arithmetic mean and the median are not influenced by the time averaging period. Another issue is a large difference in aerodynamic surface roughness length when calculating using the arithmetic mean and the median. This indicates that the more robust median is a more suitable parameter to determine the aerodynamic surface roughness length than the arithmetic mean value. Variations in velocity profiles at the same site during different wind periods are interesting because, in the engineering community, it has been commonly accepted that the aerodynamic characteristics at a particular site remain the same during various wind regimes.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.689-694
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• 2014

The Korean government has introduced and enforced maritime traffic safety assessment to secure traffic safety since 2010. The maritime traffic safety assessment is needed by law to design a new port or modify an existing one. According to Korea Maritime Safety Act, in the assessment the propriety of marine traffic system consists of the safety of channel transit and berthing/unberthing maneuver, safety of mooring, and safety of marine traffic flow. The safety of channel transit and berthing/unberthing maneuver can be evaluated only by ship-handling simulation. The ship-handling simulation is carried out by sea pilots working with the port concerned. The vessel's proximity measure is an important factor to evaluate traffic safety. The proximity measure is composed of vessel's closest distance to channel boundary and probability of grounding/collision. What is more, the probability of grounding becomes important. According to central limit theorem, a sample has a normal distribution on condition that its size is more than 30. However, more than 30 simulation runs bring about the increase of assessment period and difficulty of employing sea pilots. Therefore this paper is to find out minimum sample size for evaluating vessel's proximity. First sample sets of size of 3, 5, 7, 9 etc. are selected randomly on the basis of normal distribution. And then KS test for goodness of fit and t-test for confidence interval are applied to each sample set. Finally this paper decides the minimum sample size. As a result this paper suggests the minimum sample size of 5, that is, the simulation of more than five times.