• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2013

The traditional village forests in Korea such as Dangsan forests and Bibo forests form unique cultural landscape and they are national cultural assets with histories of more than several hundred years. It is important to have sustainable right to enjoy cultural heritage as well as maintaining its authenticity. Cultural assets are meaningful only when they are managed to succeed to next generations. Dangsan forests and Bibo forests need to be named properly and recognized by society as a precious cultural heritage for many generations to come in order to claim the value as traditional cultural landscapes in Korea. The traditional village forest in Dangin-ri, Wando-gun was composed of a Dangsan forest and five Bibo forests. Although this traditional village forest is large in size, it was not on the report of Cultural Heritage Administration(2005) investigated for 'Village forest of island region in Jeollanam-do'. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the traditional village forest in Dangin-ri to grant correct name and to enhance its value. In this study the characteristics of a Dangsan forest and five Bibo forests were investigated from 2006 to 2013 for physical features such as size, shape, location, tree species composition, and diameter at breast height(DBH), as well as cultural aspects and tradition. Currently the naming and designation of natural monuments by the cultural heritage administration(CHA) is based on the rule enacted in 1934. Many Dangsan forests were named as evergreen forests. This type of names does not represent the meaning of traditional village forest. It was suggested that this traditional village forest is to be named as 'Dangsan Forest and Bibo Forests at Dangin-ri, Wando-gun'. This traditional village forest needs to reclaim authenticity and rebuild its original appearance by restoration of the disturbed areas, especially in Bibo forest I.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-164
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• 2013

This article purposes to make a GIS database of South Korea rural village forest. So we first tried to collect data of their geographic coordinates or location from the many references on the rural village forest. As the result, we collected locations of the 634 forests. Boundaries of the 462 forests could be made by using their satellite imagery. Finally we implemented GIS database of the 462 traditional rural village forest in South Korea. Furthermore we surveyed 100 forests out of them. They were analyzed in the view of location, area, wood species, cultural assets and activities of inhabitants. These data can be used in the rural village planning and I look forward this database is helpful to preserve existing traditional rural village groves as a lasting legacy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2012

This study's objective is to inform people of the value and identity and to understand the cultural landscape characteristics of coastal village forest, which have not been studied in-depth in previous studies. This study was conducted by selecting 10 village forest sites in the southern coast of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea and the present state of forests were investigated through bibliographical and on-the-spot survey, as well as interviews with local villagers. The following points(characteristics of traditional culture, practical characteristics, scenic characteristics) are the important factors for analyzing cultural landscape characteristics of coastal village forest verified through the study. First, The coastal village forest in the village commons is mental space for the local community affected by folk belief rather than confucian backgrounds. Second, The coastal village forest is a reasonable space contriving economic efficiency and solving the real problems facing the coastal village. Third, The coastal village forest identities should be understood the land use around village and behind mountain from the sea of wide range rather than confined to just a forest consisting of trees. This study's significance is to make the basic data and to enhance the value of the coastal village forest unnoticed. In addition, the subjects of the study should be extended to the east and west coastal village forests and subsequent research should be conducted to notification the characteristics and differences of each coastal village forest.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.347-359
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• 2016

Landscape characteristics and the culture of the sacred Dangsan forests located at Mulgeon village, Eunjeom village and Daejipo village in Mulgeon-ri, Namhae-gun were investigated. The potential of Dangsan forests for agricultural heritage, linked with paddy fields, has been discussed. Dangsan forest is a traditional village forest and a representative cultural heritage with a history of more than several hundred years. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea evaluates that the agricultural heritage is a new means and will provide a potential for the development of rural areas. The Dangsan forests were located in the neighborhood of paddy fields. The Dangsan forests are to be related to paddy fields in order to get attention as an agricultural heritage. Especially, the Dangsan forest of Mulgeon village was designated as Natural Monument ＃150 with the name, Windbreak forest of Mulgeon-ri, Namhae. It was suggested that the national monument to rename as Dangsan forest of Mulgeon village, Namhae. The size of this forest was measured to be 735 m in length and 31 m in width. Mulgeon-ri will be better recognized as a candidate place of agricultural heritage with three Dangsan forests associated with paddy fields.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

In this study, the landscape characteristics of the sacred Dangsan forests at Singi-ri, Namwon-si were investigated as an agricultural heritage, and the management scheme for revitalization of the village was introduced. FAO established the term of 'GIAHS' (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) for conservation of each country's farmland, unique agricultural landscape, and cultural diversity. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea evaluates that the Agricultural Heritage is a new means and potential for rural development. Dangsan forest, a traditional village forests of rural Korea is a representative 'agricultural heritage' with a history of more than several hundred years of Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forests were closely linked with paddy fields. This forest was composed of two Dangsan forests, and one Bibo forest. Especially, the Dangsan forest 2 was established on the mounding with 395m in length and 15m in width. Although, most of Dangsan forests do not have accurate records about forest establishment, this forest has retained a stone monument that illustrated the history of the forest. These aspects of Singi-ri's Dangsan forest indicated clear difference and characteristics compared to other ones. This Dangsan forest has been left alone from the public attention. The Dangsan forest at Singi-ri need to be recognized for their valuable landscape characteristics. By linking the Dangsan forest with 'Jirisan trail', the trail path will lead people to the agricultural heritage at Singi-ri. Enhancing the management scheme will contribute to revitalize the village.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.152-161
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of groves of enclosed village in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conservated. 48 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 27 groves of 48 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human use. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of complementing village groves. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavoral characteristics. Dominent species, appearing rate, height, width, density and biodiversity of upper trees were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation of each factor were analiged and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand whether the architecture of the mountain village conforms to the geography and local landscape, and become a unique scenic element. Also, the study is to grasp the status of the village landscape design elements. The methods and contents of the study were surveyed by field research with references in Biederbach community, an isolated mountain village in Southwestern Germany. The time frame for the survey research is July 2015. The contents of the study include the analysis of the village's landscape structure, architecture, and landscape design patterns. The following conclusions were reached through the above research process. First, the village landscape structure seen in the mid-distance view is the hilly scene of the alpine region, which houses the sloping terrain of Black Forest and surrounds the residential area with the grassland covered by the Black Forest. Second, the main elements of the town's landscape building are historical culture, traditional architecture, topology and nature, and artificial environmental design. Third, the landscape design utilizing the village's resources creates a sustainable community's residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 2013

This research try to review about individuals' living culture place by record to before process of transition and modify of Bugundang village's forest in Itaewon. A result is as follows. First, Itaewon Bugundang is located in highest site of center building of twon forest, it has been preserve by double fence and taboo subject. Physical element of village forest is a factor which give sanctity of Buhundang. Second, it is connecting Namsan and Yongsan Family Park as green space. Also Itaewon Bugundang isolated from the current residential area. but in the past, the main beliefs and rituals of its area are responsible for a diverse community where public service was strong. Itaewon Bugundang have played a role presenting a local taboos and social norms. Therefore, these elements of the local community have the traditional cultural values. Third, Zelkova and Kalopanax pictus need to be preserved the value by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Fourth, components of Bugundang are built by Hwajucheong, Dangjigi house, seonangdan, monument, fence, masonry and various trees. And the function and role of each of these elements remains as traditional culture. And the structural features of historic architectural properties has the value as a registered cultural properties. Fifth, due to these features, the traditional landscape of Itaewon bugundang play a role succeeding disappearing traditional culture and is worth as a potentially valuable landscape elements. This study has significance to the excavation community tradition disappearing landscape and excavation of candidate new tradition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.56-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of the village groves in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conserved. 33 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 31 of 51 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human overuse. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of village groves in Chinan-Gun region. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavioral characteristics. Principal dominant species and appearing rate, height, width, density of those, species diversity of groves were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation between each factor were analyzed and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.535-554
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the characteristics and management condition of the Singeum village's Dangsan forest, and to seek the revitalization of rural village by improving management scheme. The Dangsan forest in Singeum-ri, Goheung-gun was composed of a Dangsan forest and a Bibo forest. The Dangsan forest was designated as natural monument # 362, and named 'Evergreen forest of Bongnae-myeon, Goheung'. The Dangsan forest area has been disturbed by the building of student training center. Even the local resident couldn't enter the forest due to the fence at the forest boundary except for Dangsan ritual which used to be serviced once a year. The Bibo forest was included in a beach area, and disturbed by lack of management. The Dangsan forest did not stay in good condition with various problems, such as wrong naming as a natural monument and misuse. The driving force of the Dangsan forest maintaining the beauty for several hundred years originated from the conservation of the forest with Dangsan ritual by local residents. Today, the Dangsan forest is in danger of being vanished and not regarded any more as a holy place due to inaccessibility for Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forest in Singeum village needs to enhance its value as a traditional and cultural landscape, and improving the management scheme will contribute to revitalization of the village.