• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.612-619
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• 2004

A competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cdELISA) was developed for selective and rapid detection of a glycopeptide antibiotic, teicoplanin (TP). TP was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for use as an immunogen. Repeated subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mg of the conjugate was effective in generating specific polyclonal antibody (PAb) toward TP in rabbits, as determined by cdELISA. TP-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (TP-HRP) was used as an enzyme marker. The cdELISA was developed based on a competition reaction between TP-BSA PAb and TP-HRP conjugate. The TP-BSA PAb was highly sensitive (detection limit, 0.3 ng/ml and specific toward teicoplanin, showing no cross-reactivity to other glycopeptide antibiotics including vancomycin. There were good correlations ($r^2$=0.84 and 0.76, respectively) between cdELISA and microbiological assay, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The cdELISA system developed in this work is expected to be useful not only for selective and rapid monitoring of TP but also for study of TP pharmacokinetics.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2019

To develop Taraxacum platycarpum extract (TP)-loaded particles for tablet dosage form, various TP-loaded particles composed of TP, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), silicon dioxide, ethanol, and water are prepared using a spray-drying method and fluid-bed-drying method. Their physical properties are evaluated using angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, hardness, disintegrant time, and scanning electron microscopy. Optimal TP-loaded particles improve flowability and compressibility. Furthermore, 2% silicon dioxide gives increased flowability and compressibility. The formula of TP-loaded fluid-bed-drying particles at a TP/MCC/silicon-dioxide amount of 5/5/0.2 improves the angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, hardness, and disintegrant time as compared with the TP-loaded spray-drying particles. The TP-loaded fluid-bed-drying particles considerably improve flowability and compressibility ($35.10^{\circ}$ vs. $40.3^{\circ}$, 0.97 vs. 1.17, and 18.97% vs. 28.97% for the angle of repose, Hausner ratio, and Carr's index, respectively), hardness (11.34 vs. 4.7 KP), and disintegrant time (7.4 vs. 10.4 min) as compared with the TP-loaded spray-drying particles. Thus, the results suggest that these fluid-bed-drying particles with MCC and silicon dioxide can be used as powerful particles to improve the flowability and compressibility of the TP.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.52-55
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• 2004

Digital communication networks have become a core technology in advanced building automation systems. BACnet(${\underline{B}}uilding$ ${\underline{A}}utomation$ and ${\underline{C}}ontrol$ ${\underline{net}}works$) is a standard data communication protocol designed specifically for building automation and control systems. BACnet adopts Master-Slave/Token-Passing (MS/TP) protocol as one of its field level networks. In this study, we introduce a method of implementing bandwidth allocation scheme in the MS/TP protocol. The bandwidth allocation scheme improves the capability of real-time communication of the original MS/TP protocol. The bandwidth allocation scheme introduced in this paper can be easily implemented in the existing MS/TP protocol with a slight modification. In this study, we actually developed the hardware and firmware of MS/TP module in which bandwidth allocation scheme is implemented.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

Ocean currents estimated from sea height anomalies derived from inter-calibrated TP/ERS are compared with daily mean currents measured with satellite-tracked drifters. The correlation coefficient between the geostrophic current from TP/ERS and surface current at 15 m depth from drifter tracks was found to be about 0.5. Due to the limitation of satellite ground tracks, small scale eddies less than 80 km are poorly resolved from TP/ERS. One of the interesting results of this study is that coastal currents along the eastern coast of Korea were well reproduced from sea height anomalies when the coastal currents were developed in association with eddies near the South Korean coast. The eddy kinetic energy (EKE) estimated from drifters, TP/ERS, and a numerical model are also compared. The EKE estimated from drifters was about 22 % higher than EKE calculated from TP/ERS. The pattern of low EKE level in the northern basin and high EKE level in the southern East Sea is shown in the EKE estimates derived from both the drifters and TP/ERS.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2000

The relationship between areal total phosphorus(TP) and areal hydraulic loading was identified and used as defining the trophic state of the reservoir. And three simple, conceptual TP models were tested against the measured in-reservoir TP concentration. The analyses were based on water quality data measured in the Ki Heung reservoir for two years. The results showed that Ki Heung reservoir has undergone eutrophic state, and Dillon's and Vollenweider's TP models were in close agreement with the measured annual mean TP concentration. However, the OECD's model understimated the measured annual mean TP concentration in the Ki Heung reservor. A discussion is given for the hypothetical application of TP loading plot which might be useful for establishing the TP control program in the resavoirs/lakes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1593-1598
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• 2005

These studies were carried out to investigate the possibility for utilization of waste articles and the production of function characteristics Pork by feeding unshiu orange byproducts. The samples consisted of the pork not fed with unshiu orange byproduct (TP-0), the pork fed with 3$\%$ and 5$\%$ unshiu orange byproduct during growing and finishing period, respectively (TP-1), and the pork fed with 6$\%$ and 10$\%$ unshiu orange byproduct growing and finishing period, respectively (TP-2). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were not significantly different among samples. It was found that TP-1 had the highest calorie. The cholesterol content was lowest in TP-2 (p < 0.05). It was found that TP-2 had the lowest Na among minerals. Vitamin $B_{1}$ and $B_{2}$ were not significantly different among samples. The total amino acid contents of TP-0, TP-1 and TP-2 were 18.86$\%$, 20.03$\%$ and 20.44$\%$, respectively. Total free amino acid and saturated fatty acid vs. unsaturated fatty acid of Pork loins were not significantly different mong samples. The sensory scores were not influenced by feeding of unshiu orange byproduct.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2017

In this study, we have made the annual total phosphorus (TP) mass balance diagrams for I wastewater treatment plant by utilizing the data of flow rate and TP of each process and tried to choose the optimum unit process empirically for phosphorus recovery. For the applicability evaluation, we have suggested several quantitative indices of flow rate, TP concentration, TP load and SS. Based on the analyses of TP mass balance, it became clear for reducing TP load of the wastewater treatment plant that it is efficient to recover phosphorus from the side stream in which the amount of flow rate is just 1/16, but TP concentration and load are 78 and 4.8 times larger than those of the influent of the plant. After the detailed applicability evaluation for the side stream, it could be concluded that the unit process of waste activated sludge thickener supernatant or dehydration filtrate are appropriate. Meanwhile, we did fundamental experiments utilizing the dewatering filtrate with TP concentration of 141.5 mg/L. After adjusting pH 10 and $Ca^{2+}$ concentration 250, 500, 1000 mg/L, it was stirred slowly. As a result, the $PO_4-P$ and TP removal efficiencies were above 95 percent; the results of the experiment imply the applicability of phosphorus recovery process in a wastewater treatment plant strongly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.223-233
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• 2010

Spatio-temporal variations of long-term water qualities (COD, SS, $Chl-{\alpha}$, N-related nutrients (TN, TDN, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$), P-related nutrients (TP, TDP, $PO_4^{3-}$)) at two stations (St. SD, St. GG) in the Geumgang Reservoir were investigated from August 2001 to July 2008. Statistical methods such as t-test, factor analysis, and multi-regression analysis were applied to the water quality data in the reservoir as well as mass balances on TP. From the temporal comparisons of the water qualities between 2002 and 2007, average concentrations of $NH_4^+$, $PO_4^{3-}$, and TDP gradually decreased down by 60%, 24%, 52% in 2007. However, those of TP and $Chl-{\alpha}$ increased to 99% and 423% during the period. From the spatial comparisons between the two stations, St. GG showed higher concentrations for all of the N- and P-related nutrients than in St. SD, while opposite result for the $Chl-{\alpha}$. The factor analysis showed that "the seasonal variations of N- and P-related nutrients" were the two dominant factors occupying 49% of total variances of water qualities. Based on this result, multi-regression analysis executed for the two most influential parameters (TP and $Chl-{\alpha}$) focusing on the seasonal variations of these parameters: SS and $Chl-{\alpha}$ has contributed decisively to the concentrations of TP during the wet and dry season, respectively. On the other hand, COD and TP has been important for the $Chl-{\alpha}$ during the wet and dry season, respectively. From the established mass balances of TP loadings in the Geumgang Reservoir, Other Sources (60%) occupied the greatest contribution and Fluvial Input (38%) and Sediment (1%) during the wet season. However, both Fluvial Water (48%) and Other Sources (47%) supplied comparable amount of inputs and Sediment (5%) showed significantly increased input during the dry seasons. Recently especially during the dry winter seasons, migrating bird's excretion was estimated to contribute up to 8% of total TP input and 21% of Other Sources.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Automotive materials and plant modules need to be prepared for freezing parts to operate in extreme areas such as Eastern Europe, Russia, and Canada. However, the only thing that has been done for ultra-qualifying materials for extremely low operating materials is that only the effects at low temperatures are conducted at room temperature, and the effects at low temperatures are only identified at low speeds. Therefore, this study examined the low-temperature characteristics of materials by conducting comparative tests on the mechanical properties of the room at the temperature and temperature of TP304 and TP316 materials, which are the most common materials.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.613-619
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• 2014

The optic nerve often suffers regenerative failure after injury, leading to serious visual impairment such as glaucoma. The main inhibitory factors, including Nogo-A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein, exert their inhibitory effects on axonal growth through the same receptor, the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR). Oncomodulin (OM), a calcium-binding protein with a molecular weight of an ~12 kDa, which is secreted from activated macrophages, has been demonstrated to have high and specific affinity for retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and promote greater axonal regeneration than other known polypeptide growth factors. Protamine has been reported to effectively deliver small interference RNA (siRNA) into cells. Accordingly, a fusion protein of OM and truncated protamine (tp) may be used as a vehicle for the delivery of NgR siRNA into RGC for gene therapy. To test this hypothesis, we constructed OM and tp fusion protein (OM/tp) expression vectors. Using the indirect immunofluorescence labeling method, OM/tp fusion proteins were found to have a high affinity for RGC. The gel shift assay showed that the OM/tp fusion proteins retained the capacity to bind to DNA. Using OM/tp fusion proteins as a delivery tool, the siRNA of NgR was effectively transfected into cells and significantly down-regulated NgR expression levels. More importantly, OM/tp-NgR siRNA dramatically promoted axonal growth of RGC compared with the application of OM/tp recombinant protein or NgR siRNA alone in vitro. In addition, OM/tp-NgR siRNA highly elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and inhibited activation of the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA). Taken together, our data demonstrated that the recombinant OM/tp fusion proteins retained the functions of both OM and tp, and that OM/tp-NgR siRNA might potentially be used for the treatment of optic nerve injury.