• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.292-298
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• 2000

For scrutinizing the changes of aggregated bacteria in Lake Paldang, the FISH method was applied by using the rhodamine labeled probes, and total bacteria, chloropyll a concentrations and nutrients concentrations were measured. The aggregates were collected with sediment traps. The T-N, T-P, chlorophyll a concentrations of aggregates were higher 5-15 times, 81-140 and 49-66 times than water samples, respectively. Also, the bacterial numbers of aggregates were 200 times higher than those of water smaples. The ratios of each groups of water sample were 2.1-7.4% for $\alpha$-group, 4.5-8.3% for $\beta$-group, 2.1-7.4% for $\gamma$-group, 2.1-6.1% for Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group and 0.1-2.5% for 'other'group, respectively. While, in aggregates, the ratios of $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, $\gamma$- and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium groups were very small and most abundant group was 'other' bacteria. With these results, the aggregated bacteria in Lake Paldang had a particular group composition of bacteria.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.105-116
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• 2007

Objectives : Mahuang (Ephedra sinica), well known as an herbal medicine in the East and West, contains a relatively high percentage of ephedrine known as sympathomimetic alkaloid. We investigated the effects of Mahuang on sympathetic nervous system with heart rate variety (HRV). Time and frequency domain analysis of HRV is a noninvasive technique capable of providing information on autonomic modulation of the sinus node. Methods : We investigated 57 healthy volunteers consisting of 37 subjects in the Mahuang group and 20 subjects in the placebo group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The 37 subjects in the Mahuang group took 3 Mahuang capsules (1 capsule equivalent to 2g herb Mahuang) twice a day at 10 a.m. and 2 p.,., while the 20 subjects in the placebo group took 3 placebo-capsules filled with glutinous rice powder at the same times. Mahuang medicine and placebo medicine were made into opaque capsules. We measured HRV at 3 p.m. 1 or 2 days before medication and at 3 p.m. after medication. Results : Mean-RR and SDNN of the Mahuang group significantly decreased compared with that of the placebo group, but the heart rate of the Mahuang group significantly increased compared with the placebo. HRV-Index, RMSSD and SDSD of the Mahuang group significantly decreased compared with that of the placebo group, but PNN50 of the Mahuang group significantly increased compared with placebo. Ln(TP), Ln(VLF), Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) of the Mahuang group significantly decreased compared with those of the placebo group. There were no significant differences in normalized LF, normalized HF and LF/HF ratio between the Mahuang and placebo groups. Conclusion : The results suggest that Mahuang in healthy adults tends to reduce the autonomic nervous system within the normal range.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1347-1354
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• 2006

The aims of this study were to establish a simple and effective method for isolating male germline stem cells (GSCs), and to test the possibility of using these cells as a new approach for male infertility treatment. Testes obtained from neonatal and adult mice were manually decapsulated. GSCs were collected from seminiferous tubules by a two-step enzyme digestion method and plated on gelatin-coated dishes. Over 5-7 days of culture, GSCs obtained from neonates and adults gave rise to large multicellular colonies that were subsequently grown for 10 passages. During in vitro proliferation, oct-4 and two immunological markers (Integrin ${\beta}1,\;{\alpha}6$) for GSCs were highly expressed in the cell colonies. During another culture period of 6 weeks to differentiate to later stage germ cells, the expression of oct-4 mRNA decreased in GSCs and Sertoli cells encapsulated with calcium alginate, but the expression of c-kit and testis-specific histone protein 2B(TH2B) mRNA as well as the localization of c-kit protein was increased. Expression of transition protein (TP-l) and localization of peanut agglutinin were not seen until 3 weeks after culturing, and appeared by 6 weeks of culture. The putative spermatids derived from GSCs supported embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage with normal chromosomal ploidy after chemical activation. Thus, GSCs isolated from neonatal and adult mouse testes were able to be maintained and proliferated in our simple culture conditions. These GSCs have the potential to differentiate into haploid germ cells during another long-term culture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2005

Physicochemical properties of hydroxypropylated rice starches were investigated. Swelling power of hydroxypropylated rice starch increased at relatively lower temperature than native rice starch. Solubility of hydroxypropylated rice starch was lower (1.9-13.4%) than that of native rice starch (2.2-13.8%), and increased with increasing amount of propylene oxide. Pasting temperature ($66.2-70.8^{\circ}C$) and peak viscosity (2,843-3,395cp) of hydroxypropylated rice starch were lower than those of native starch ($71.6^{\circ}C,\;3,976\;cp$) and decreased with increasing amount of propylene oxide, regardless of reaction time. DSC thermal transitions of hydroxypropylated rice starches shifted toward lower temperature. Amylopectin-melting enthalpy of hydroxypropylated rice starch decreased (11.8-9.8J/g) with increasing amount of propylene oxide and was lower than that of native starch (11.9 J/g). These results indicate hydroxypropylation lowered swelling power and gelatinization temperatures of rice starch, because internal bonds of rice starch molecules were sterically weaken by substituted hydroxypropyl groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.624-637
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• 2020

High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their health related benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provide important baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. To this end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originally obtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in an experimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit (WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape in longitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, grooving distribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and the lycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diverse morphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rind were found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while the United States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay (URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72 ㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer, respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- and orange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detected between lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a future breeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvement of the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

In a distribution of digital image, there is a serious problem that is a distribution of the altered image by a forger. For the problem solution, this paper proposes a median filtering (MF) image forensic decision algorithm using a feature vector according to the pixel value's gradients. In the proposed algorithm, AR (Autoregressive) coefficients are computed from pixel value' gradients of original image then 1th~6th order coefficients to be six feature vector. And the reconstructed image is produced by the solution of Poisson's equation with the gradients. From the difference image between original and its reconstructed image, four feature vector (Average value, Max. value and the coordinate i,j of Max. value) is extracted. Subsequently, Two kinds of the feature vector combined to 10 Dim. feature vector that is used in the learning of a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification for MF (Median Filtering) detector of the altered image. On the proposed algorithm of the median filtering detection, compare to MFR (Median Filter Residual) scheme that had the same 10 Dim. feature vectors, the performance is excellent at Unaltered, Averaging filtering ($3{\times}3$) and JPEG (QF=90) images, and less at Gaussian filtering ($3{\times}3$) image. However, in the measured performances of all items, AUC (Area Under Curve) by the sensitivity and 1-specificity is approached to 1. Thus, it is confirmed that the grade evaluation of the proposed algorithm is 'Excellent (A)'.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.557-569
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify factors related to subjective happiness Index and by analyzing students, health behavior, smart phone addiction, suicidal Ideation, and in order to develop appropriate measure tp prevent suicide among university students. Methods: From November 19, 2012 until December 14, 2012, 300 college students from one of the iniversities located at K city were surveyed. Data were analyzed using with SPSS window 18.0. Results: The mean score for college students' subjective happiness Index was 4.58 on a scale of 7. There were significant differences on the Subjective happiness Index for the following areas: sex, parental survival & living and household monthly income. There was a negative correlation among the subjective happiness Index, smart phone addiction, suicidal Ideation. Conclusion: Results indicate that factors influencing Subjective happiness are smart phone addiction, suicidal ideation. We suggest that need to establish policies providing family support, smartphone addiction prevention program suicide prevention program to improve a level of happiness.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.691-703
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• 2003

In this paper, a new and integrated approach easily used to calculate the pollutant loads from agricultural watersheds is suggested. Basic concepts of this empirical tool are based on the hypotheses that variations in event mean concentrations(EMCs) of the pollutants from a given agricultural watershed during rainstorms are only due to the rainfall pattern. This assumption would be feasible to agricultural watersheds whose land uses does not change during the cultivation period overlapped by rainy season and also in which point-sources of the pollutants are rare. Therefore, if EMC data sets through extensive sampling from various rural areas are available, it is possible to establish relationships between EMCs, shapes and land uses of the watersheds, and rainfall events. For this purpose, fifty one sets of EMC values were obtained from nine different watersheds, and those data were used to develop predictive tools for the EMCs of 55, COD, TN and TP in rainfall runoff. The results of the statistical tests for those formulas show that they are not only fairly good in predicting actual EMC values of some parameters, but also useful in terms of calculating pollutant loads on any time-spans such as the day of rainfall event or weekly, monthly, and yearly. Their applicability was briefly demonstrated and discussed. Also, the unit loads calculated from EMCs based on different land uses and real rainfall data over one of the watershed used for this study. were provided, and they are compared with other well-known unit loads.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2019

In the upstream and nearby areas of the water source, there are many areas where the sewerage penetration rate is relatively low due to development restrictions. This has been continuously affecting the pollution of the water source. As a measure to prevent this, method of distributing sewage and improving existing facilities are suggested. In this study, A MWTP(Municipal Watewater Treatment Plant) using the Air-vent SBR process located at upstream of An-dong and Im-ha Dam was selected as a modeling facility. And, the retrofit method to improve the effluent from RCSTP(Rural Community Sewage Tratment Plant) was induced based on A MWTP modeling result. The model construction and verification were carried out based on the operating data for 5 years (2012 ~ 2016). As a result, it was analyzed that the water quality of the effluent during the winter could be improved through control of cycle time in Air-vent SBR process and decreasing SRT (BOD: 1.8%, COD: 54.5%, SS: 4.3%, T-N; 0.8% and T-P: 7.7%). This research suggests that result of this research can be utilized as a retrofit method to improve the effluent overall treatment efficiency of the MWTP and the RCSTP which have similar operation process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1134-1138
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• 2010

호소의 수질오염 문제를 해결하기 위해선 우선 소하천에서 강우유출에 의한 비점오염물질이 어디서 얼마나 발생하는지에 대한 정량적인 조사가 필요하다. 그러나 유역의 오염원에 대한 정량적인 조사가 이루어지려면 많은 비용과 시간 그리고 노력이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대청호 상류유역의 소하천인 안내천을 대상으로 강우유출수 조사를 실시하고, 높은 예측 정확성 때문에 세계적으로 널리 쓰이고 있는 Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment(L-THIA)을 이용하여 실측데이터와 L-THIA 모델의 결과를 비교하였다. 안내천의 유역면적은 16.5 $km^2$로 유역의 약 69.5%가 산림, 농업 및 초지지역이 25.3% 그리고 주거지역이 2.6%로 조사되었다. 수질분석을 위하여 자동수질시료채취기(ISCO sampler 6712)를 설치하여 시간단위의 시료를 채취한 뒤 수질농도를 측정하였다. 수질항목은 유기물질인 $BOD_5$, TOC, T-N, T-P 항목에 대하여 수질오염 공정시험법으로 분석하였다. WHAT 시스템을 이용하여 분리된 직접유출량은 315.5~161,835.1 $m^3$의 범위로 나타났다. 직접유출량을 이용하여 산정한 유역의 EMC 농도는 안내천 유역의 $EMC_{BOD}$는 1.0~2.4 mg/L, $EMC_{TOC}$는 1.429~5.491 mg/L, $EMC_{COD}$는 2.2~10.2 mg/L, $EMC_{TN}$은 2.906~10.864 mg/L, $EMC_{TP}$는 0.029~0.285 mg/L의 범위를 보였다. 또한 실측된 유량과 농도를 이용하여 산정한 오염부하는 안내천 유역이 $BOD_5$ 37.9~390.9 g, $COD_{Mn}$ 0.8~1,657.5 g, TOC 0.54~791.83 g, T-N 0.968~1,758.174 g, T-P 0.011~42.139 g의 범위로 나타났다. L-THIA 모델을 이용하여 직접유출량의 산정된 결과와 실측 결과를 비교 분석한 결과 결정계수와 유효지수가 0.95와 0.93으로 높게 나타나 대청호 상류유역에서 발생하는 유출량을 모의하는데 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 토지이용도와 토양도 그리고 일 강우자료만으로 구축되는 L-THIA 모델을 이용하여 대청호 상류의 소하천 유역에 대하여 비점오염원 유출특성을 해석하는 것이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.