• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.4 no.3_4
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 1989

The effects of ethanol on the toxicity of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in ICR mice were examined. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The LD$\sub$50/ of 2.4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid sodium injected intraperitoneally in mice was approximately 367 mg/kg. When the animals were administered with ethanol, 2 ml/kg or 4 ml/kg the LD$\sub$50/ of 2.4-D sodium were decreased to 338 mg/kg or 32 mg/kg, respectively. 2. In the acute experimental group, spontaneous motor activity in the ANIMEX system exhibited dose-dependent decrease in mice administered with 2.4-D sodium and ethanol. 3. However, in subacute experimental group, spontaneous motor activity in the ANIMEX system exhibited dose-dependent increase in mice treated with ethanol.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 1987

Protective effect of scoparone against the acetaminophen inducible hepatic toxicity in mice was investigated. Scoparone (5mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 5 days. Scoparone pretreatment before the administration of acetaminophen has blocked subsequent increases in liver to body weight ratio. When biological changes were measured, scoparone protects against acetaminophen inducible hepatotoxicity in mice as evidenced by the decreased formation of lipid peroxide, lowered serum transaminase activity and the decreased level of serum acetaminophen. In conjuction with the results of Huh (Arch. Pharm. Res. 10, 165(1987)), these results suggest that the most likely mechanism for the observed protective effects of scoparone against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is the induction of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.33 no.2 s.129
• /
• pp.151-155
• /
• 2002

Previously, we have reported that the butanol fraction of the head of Panax ginseng had significant gastroprotective activity on gastritis and gastric ulcer models of rats. Considering the safety of the fraction for development of new anti-ulcerative agent or food supplement, general pharmacological study was carried on. The fraction was revealed that have no influence on spontaneous activity, phenobarbital-induced sleeping time, rotarod test, body temperature, gastro-intestinal motility, respiration and blood pressure. The fraction showed weak analgesic action in writhing syndrome and did not show any sign of acute toxicity in mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 1991

This study was attempted to examine the acute toxicity and the effect of Sopunghwalhul-Tang water extract(SHTE) on analgesic action in mice, anti- inflammatory action in rats and blood pressure in rabbits. The results were as follows; SHTE showed 10% mortality at 2,000mg/kg(p.o.), had significant analgesic activity in the pain caused by 0.7% acetic acid and was shown to have significant anti-inflammatory activity in the edema-induced by 5% acetic acid at 450mg/kg. SHTE given into a ear vein of rabbits produced a dose-related vasodepressur responses. SHTE-induced hypotension was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, but was not affected by chlorisondamine, phentolamine, propranolol, and dephenhydramine.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.677-683
• /
• 1999

Gamdutang aqua-acupuncture solution (GAS), Gamdutang water-extracted solution (GWS) and Dae-Gamdutang aqua-acupuncture solution (DGAS) were prepared and tested for antitumor activities. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of 5 $\times$ and 10$\times$ of GAS resulted in more than 70% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7 and A549. GAS at concentrations of 5$\times$ and 10$\times$ revealed more than 60% inhibition in HeLa. GWS showed more than 50% inhibition of growth with EATC and HeLa at concentrations of 5$\times$ and 10$\times$, respectively. Toxicity assay with GWS in Hepa1c1c7 and A549 revealed that more than 80% inhibition of growth at the concentration of 5$\times$ and 10$\times$. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepa1c1c7, A549, HeLa with GAS.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.417-420
• /
• 2015

We investigated the relationship between viability and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activity in D-shaped and umbo larvae of the surf clam Spisula sachalinensis after treatment with vitrification solution (VS) or freezing. In a toxicity assay, VS1, containing 5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was very harmful to D-shaped and umbo larvae. However, VS2, containing 5 M ethylene glycol (EG), was not harmful to either larval stage. Although VS2 had a promising toxicity test outcome, none of the larvae survived vitrification. After immersion into VSs and freezing, IGF-1R ${\beta}$-subunits were detected in all larvae; however, tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular ${\beta}$-subunits was detected only in the control and live groups. These results suggest that activation of IGF-1R may influence surf clam larvae viability.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 1984

A ginseng preparation (GP) consisting of ginseng ex., lycium fructus ex., four kinds of vitamines and caffein was evaluated for acute toxicity and general pharmacology. Average lethal doses $(LD_{50})$ of GP in male mice were 2,988mg/kg (i.p.) and more than 3g/kg (p.o.). In dosage of 300 and 900mg/kg (p.o.) showed no analgesic activity in both tests of the writhing method induced by acetic acid and of tail pressure method and no effect on the pentetrazole-induced convulsion. However, it appeared to have a hypothermic action only in dose of 900mg/kg. The duration of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital sodium in mice was shortened by GP, being probably due to caffein. GP Produced no marked contraction of isolated ileum and uterus in high concentrations of up to $1{\pm}10^{-3}g/ml$. These results suggested that GP did not show any considerable central nervous depressant activity and exhibited very weak actue toxicity in mice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2011

Synthesis of N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines and 6-substituted-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines by the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide followed by the reaction with o-phenylene diamine/ethylene diamine are reported. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and $^1H$ NMR spectral studies. The potent antibacterial and entomological (antifeedant, acaricidal, contact toxicity and stomach toxicity) activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1388-1396
• /
• 2013

This study used an S-180 cell-injected mouse model to evaluate the antitumor effects of the acute and subacute toxicity of Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract intravenously administrated in ICR mice. When administered intravenously (31.3-250 mg/kg body weight), Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract significantly inhibited the growth of the solid tumor cell. The antitumor activity of Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract increased in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (250 mg/kg body weight) was highly effective, reducing tumor formation by 42.7% compared with the control group. In the acute toxicity test, $LD_{50}$ of the Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract showed 632.84 mg/kg (♂) and 814.48 mg/kg (♀) after intravenous administration. In addition, liver and spleen weight were increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the subacute toxicity test, the mice were intravenously administered over the course of 28 days. The $LD_{50}$ of the Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract showed 355.41 mg/kg (♂) and 383.53 mg/kg (♀) after intravenous administration. The liver and spleen weight also increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the case of the group that received more than 125 mg/kg of intravenous administration, exercise capacity, such as jumping ability and agility, were significantly increased. These results suggest that Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract can be regarded as a potent enhancer of the innate immune response, and it can be considered as a new natural product with low toxicity that may be used as a candidate for antitumor action.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 1994

Low molecular weight molecules and high molecular weight substances were found to have anti-tumor and immuno-modulating activity. Previously polysaccharides have been received much attention because of adhesives, food additives or animal foods (Whistler et al., 1976). In effort of developing new anti-tumor substances with low toxicity, numerous polysaccharides from yeast, algae, bacteria, higher plants and especially fungi have been investigated for anti-tumor and immuno-modulating activities. Thus the high molecular weight molecule was reported to have anti-tumor activity through host mediated immunity. In this brief article, attention will be paid to polysaccharides which is especially fungal origin.