• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.146-154
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• 1994

A series of numerical calculations are performed in order to investigate the dispersion mechanism of toxic gaseous and solid pollutants in extremely short-term and short range. The calculations are carried out in an open space characterized by turbulent boundary layer. The simulation is made by the use of numerical model, in which a control-volume based finite difference method is used together with the SIMPLEC algorithm for the resolution of the pressure-velocity coupling problem. The Reynolds stresses are solved by two-equation, k-$\varepsilon$ model modified for buoyancy. The major parameters consider-ed in this study are temperature, velocity and Injection height of toxic gases, environmental conditions such as temperature and velocity of free stream air, and topographic factor. The results are presented and discussed in detail. The flow field is commonly characterized by the formation of a strong recirculation zone due to the upward motion of the hot toxic gas and ground shear stress. The driving force of the upward motion is explained by the effect of thermal buoyancy of hot gas and the difference of inlet velocity between toxic gas and free stream.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

Recently developed a variety of architectural interior decoration according hwadoeme type of toxic gases generated during fire also are becoming diversified, resulting in fatal casualties occurred in the trend is also being increased. During a fire, toxic gas that is generated varies depending on the combustible material occurs. However, all combustible materials, including carbon, incomplete combustion of carbon monoxide which is generated in the most common toxic gases can be seen as one. Accordingly, in this study of organic solids that are generated in case of fire toxic gases, and briefly discuss the characteristics of the risks and, by far the most common Co gas for measures to prevent human casualties, seolbijeok, the temperature dependence, divided into four aspects of administrative daechaekdeung explained.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.555-560
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• 1996

미생물 세포벽의 독성 물질 (내독소)을 incubator, centrifuge와 UV-Vis spectrophotometer를 이용하여 추출한 후 지방산 조성을 Gas Chromatography로 분석하였으며 독성 물질의 치사 독성과 발열 활성을 측정, 그 결과를 서로 비교하였다. 지방산 조성 분석 결과 V. vulnificus의 독성 물질 (내독소)에 대해 tetradecanoic acid가, E. coli게 대 해서는 dodecanoic acid, 그리고 S. typhimurium에 대해서는 decanoic acid가 주 지방산이었으며 이들 세 지방산이 세가지 독성 물질에서 대부분을 차지하였다 (70% 이상). 지방산 조성에서 특이한 점은 tetra-decanoic acid가 V. vulnificus에 대해 주 지방산이라는 점과 세가지 독성 물질 모두 hexadecanoic acid의 양이 매우 적다는 것이다 (2% 이하). V. vulnificus의 독성 물질의 mice 에서의 치사 독성 (LD50이 52.5 mg/kg)은 E. soli(56.5mg/kg)와 비슷하였으나 S. typhimunum (37.5mg/kg) 보다는 약하였으며 V. vulnificus의 독성 물질의 rabbit에서의 발열 활성은 E. coli보다 강하였으나 5S typhimurium 보다는 약하였다.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 및 특별심포지움
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• pp.199-199
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• 2005

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

This study was carried out to observe the impacts of a mouse's inhalation of toxic gas SO2 generated from combustion on its organs by different concentrations. As for research methods: First, after concentrations of SO2 generation from combustion had been set to three: low (10.4 ppm), middle (24.9 ppm) and high (122 ppm) through Gas Toxicity Testing Method (KS F 2271) and SO2 combustion gas was exposed to eight mice in each concentration. Five mice that were able to move based on LD50, a criterion, which sets the down time of a mouse's average behaviors to over 9 minutes, were randomly selected in each concentration, and they were set up as the subjects of the study on toxicity bio-markers. Second, tissues were taken from heart, liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland of the mice selected in each concentration and a pathological examination of them was carried out. As a result, microvascular congestion appeared in the heart, and cell necrosis, cortex congestion and tubule medulla congestion, etc. in each concentration were observed in addition to vascular congestion in liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland. Also, it was found that the higher the concentrations of SO2 exposure is, the greater, the changes in the organs get. Through this study, SO2 of various toxic gases generated from fire turned out to affect the tissues of each organ of a mouse, it is expected that the toxic gases may greatly affect human body in case of actual fire, and this study is evaluated as having a significance as a basic data on inhalation toxicity assessment of toxic substances generated in combustion.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2019

휴대용 전자기기의 시장이 성장함에 따라서 Lithium Ion Battery(LIB)의 수요 또한 증가하고 있다. LIB는 다른 2차 전지에 비해 높은 효율성을 보이지만 열 폭주(Thermal runaway)로 인한 폭발/화재의 위험성이 있다. 특히나 대용량 LIB cell을 탑재한 Electric Vehicle(EV)의 경우 화재로 발생하는 대량의 독성 가스로 인한 위험성 또한 존재한다. 따라서 사고 피해를 최소화하기 위한 EV 화재로 발생하는 독성 가스의 위험성 분석이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 EV의 화재로 발생하는 독성 가스의 유동을 전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamic; CFD)을 이용하여 해석하였다. 문헌 조사 결과와 국내 EV 자료를 기반으로 시나리오를 설정하여 시나리오 발생 경과시간에 따른 독성 가스의 확산을 수치 해석하여 위험성에 대하여 분석 하였다. 이 연구는 EV 화재로 인한 독성 가스의 위험성을 분석하여 사고 발생에 의한 인명, 재산피해를 최소화하는데 의의를 가진다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1114-1118
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• 2008

In previous fire accident of railway car, the fatality was relatively high by toxic gas poisoning cause of closed space. So the necessity of quantifying toxic gas in combustion gas was recognized and then, FT-IR spectroscopy was introduced for real-time analysis of mixed gases and stimulated analysis of the concentration of several gases. Thus, in this study, absorption bands using FT-IR were obtained by each component of combustion gases for interior materials of railway car such as flooring materials and moquette seat. And then the sample spectra were compared with the spectra of NO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$ reference gases, we could obtain some identical peaks of them.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1997

본 연구는 화학장치설비중 저장탱크에서 누출된 유해독성가스인 염소의 풍하거리에 따른 10분 평균, 30분 평균 및 1시간 평균 최대 지표면 농도를 산출하여 염소가스의 법적 규제농도인 IDLH 및 ERPG-3 농도들과 비교함으로써 유해위험거리 (hazard distance) 또는 독성완충거리 (toxic buffer distance)를 정량적으로 예측하는 분산모델링 방법론을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 본 분산모델링을 위하여 누출원모델, 분산모델, 기상 및 지형자료들 이 SuperChems 모델에 입력자료로 사용되었으며, 대기의 안정도, 풍속, 표면거칠기 길이의 변화에 따른 지표면 농도의 영향이 평가되었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2015

This study is in regard to the gas detection system and gas detection method utilizing smart phone. This study includes; 1) the sensor module attached to the smart phone to detect and measure flammable gas or toxic gas; and 2) gas detection APP which is installed inside the smart phone and recognizes the user information and location information automatically by reading RFID tag indicating the user or the location to detect gas through the contact area where RFID and blue tooth reader is installed inside of the above mentioned smart phone, and then measures the combustible gas or toxic gas by operating above mentioned sensor module and obtains the data thus measured, and above mentioned smart phone is characterized by its transmission of the above mentioned user information, location information and measured data which are obtained by above mentioned gas detecting APP to operation server via communication network. With this, reliability for the location detecting gas by the user, the result of the measurement, etc. can be secured. Furthermore, this provides the effect of preventing artificial manipulation at the time of input which is associated with the identification of the user to be measured by utilizing removable sensor module and application or the mistake resulted from wrong input by the user. In addition, by transmitting the measured data from the sensor module carrying out gas detection to operation server, this provides the effect of making it possible to process the data thus collected to a specialized data for combustible gas or toxic gas.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

연기독성생성물로 인한 인명피해가 주요한 화재피해로 보고되고 있다. 화재로 인한 연기독성을 평가하기 위해 국내외의 다양한 시험이 있으며, 국내에서는 KS F 2271의 가스유해성시험으로 건축마감재료의 유해성을 평가하고 있다. 현행 가스유해성시험은 발연가스를 설치류(실험용 흰 쥐)에 노출시켜 행동시간을 측정하여 연소가스 독성을 평가한다. 본 연구에서는 가연성 고분자소재(우레탄 및 고무바닥재)를 대상으로 가스유해성시험을 수행하고 이때 발생되는 가스를 FT-IR로 정량분석하였다. 정량분석결과는 BS6853에서 규정하는 기준값과 비교하여 독성지수(R)를 산정하였다. 동물시험과 독성지수의 상대적 비교를 통해 두 시험법의 상관성을 분석하여 다양한 독성평가를 시도하고자 하였다.