• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제32회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.75-78
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• 2006

Disposal of highly toxic wastes like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is very difficult. These substances create a growing mountain of problematic waste that has to be disposed properly. Conventional technologies that are based on common burning(rotary kiln, ${\sim}1100^{\circ}C$) and plasma technology(${\sim}10000^{\circ}C$) do not satisfy important conditions. for example, complete combustion of the toxic waste and the price of waste disposal. The combustor like a rocket engine is operated at relatively high pressure(${\sim}15$ bar) and relatively high temperature(>$3000^{\circ}C$) that are ideal for the complete destruction of extremely toxic substances. In this study, test compound($_o-DCB$) was dissolved in kerosine with a concentration of 10%. Pure gas oxygen was used as an oxidant. Analysis showed that the destruction efficiency achieved for ${o}-DCB$ was 99.9999% or better. The results show that a combustor based on liquid propllant rocket technology is a validated tool for the disposal of highly toxic waste, and a good alternative technology when applied to the destruction of extremely toxic wastes.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 오염토양, 지하수 정화사례
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• pp.81-93
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• 2003

USACE has developed guidance, training, procedures and and support to ensure that hazardous and toxic waste sites are assessed and remediated appropriately

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.144-155
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• 1998

This research aims to perceive the present state of science experimental education practiced in middle school and also to improve the laboratorial environment. Accordingly, this study surveyed 297 middle school science teachers in Seoul to examine the risks and accidents occurred during lab sessions, the conditions of chemical waste disposal, and whether or not teacher's manual clearly states cautions on toxic chemicals. About 70%(69.6%) of science teachers were highly concerned about risks and toxicity of chemicals used in classes, 59.9% experienced actual accidents, and 83.2% were anxiety of incidents caused by chemicals. Besides, 55.2% of science teachers answered that they have little knowledge about caring noxious chemicals used in lab sessions. So it turns out that they need more specific education on handling toxic chemicals. More than one third(36.7%) answered that they disposed of chemical waste water without any special care or kept it in the lab after experiments. The number of chemicals as well used in middle school curriculum is increasing as grades gets higher toxic chemicals. However, there are few teachers' manual covering how to handle noxious chemicals. Therefore, in middle school curriculum the number of poisonous chemicals should be minimized as much as possible, and in case the toxic chemicals have to be used, teacher's guide book should state precautions on handling chemicals in detail. Also government should make it obligatory on schools to instate ventilator for chemical waste, or to transport the waste to proper disposal systems.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-137
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to introduce the definitions and classification methods of wastes in international agreements and legislations, examine the concept of wastes and their classification systems in Korea, and finally analyze and compare the concept of wastes in different countries for finding better solutions and suggestions. The study summarizes the concept of wastes as introduced in the Basel Convention, OECD, EU, US, and UK. First, each of the member countries adapt to the same concepts of wastes as defined in their international agreements; second, the intention of the wastes holder and the conditions of the wastes are considered at the same time when defining the concepts. Upon close examination of the classification of wastes systems as introduced in the Basel Convention, OECD, EU, US, and UK, the wastes are classified into toxic and non-toxic wastes according to the existence of poisonous substances. Therefore, it is classified as a toxic waste when any toxic substance on its list is included in the waste, while others are considered as a non-toxic waste if they don't contain poisonous substances. Secondly, in the UK, the matter of toxic or non-toxic wastes are classified, not according to the existence of the poisonous substances, but based on the generation of sources. In Korea, the concepts of wastes are divided into the two categories - a concept as defined in actual legislations and a concept in its translation. The Korean classification of the wastes include Wastes Management Act, amended in 1995, which stipulates that toxic substances should be managed in a special way as the designated wastes. It appears that the Act utilizes the classification method that classifies the wastes according to the existence of poisonous substance. Korea's concepts of wastes should be changed after recognition of the concepts in international agreement (Basel Convention, EU) and other foreign laws(US, UK) that consider subjective and objective standards at the same time when they define the concepts. Also, the development of technology in recycling and reuse of the wastes can remove the current absolute notion of the wastes so that it also should not be passed over. Also, because a classification structure of wastes has a close relationship with a disposal structure, its classification system should be fixed gradually to come up with the development of wastes disposal technology and its policy.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 해마다 수 십만 개씩 발생되는 폐타이어의 열적 처리 방법인 건류 소각 처리 방법에서 발생되는 이차 오염 물질을 정량하여 폐타이어의 안전한 최종 처리 방법까지 고찰하였다. 건류-소각처리 방법에서 발생되는 배기 가스에서 이차 독성 오염 물질을 화학 평형 모델을 응용하여 예측하였고 실질적인 잔류 물질인 건류재와 소각재에서 유기성 독성 물질과 중금속을 정량하였다. 건류재에서는 폐타이어의 불완전 연소에 따른 유기성 이차 오염 물질이 다량 포함되어 있는 반면에 소각재에서는 납과 카드뮴과 같은 중금속 화합물의 함량이 높았다. 건류재 및 소각재의 안전한 최종 매립을 위하여는 서로 다른 전처리 방법이 요구된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

There are among the most relevant toxic emissions from incinerators such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Induction of cytochrome P4501A1 catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) activity in mammalian cell culture(EROD bioassay) is thought to be a selective and sensitive parameter used for the quantification of dioxin-like components. In this study, the toxic emissions from several school waste incinerators were evaluated by determination of CYPIA catalytic activity and cytotoxicity using cell culture microbioassay. The incinerator residue and soil samples were collected from the schools located in Kyunggi province from April to June 1999. The samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hours. In order to clean-up, concentrated crude extracts were applied to basic alumina column. The EROD activities of extracts in the H4IIE cells were from 1.91$\pm$0.32 ng-TEQ/g to 24.54$\pm$3.48 ng-TEQ/g of biochemical-TEQ value. In soil samples, CYP1A catalytic activity was 0.09~0.64 ng-TEQ/g. EROD bioassay, seems to be a useful short-term bioassay when information about the biological response of complex environmental samples is needed. Although further study is needed, these results indicate that the potent toxic emissions are produced from school waste semi-incinerators.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 지반 보강재로 폐타이어를 사용함에 있어서 환경적인 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 시험은 12개의 침출수 발생장치 속에 모래와 타이어조각들을 섞은 후 세 가지 조건의 용액을 각각 순환시킨 침출수에 대하여 화학적분석과 생물학적 독성영향을 조사하였다. 연구결과, 검출된 모든 금속원소의 오염농도는 우리나라 먹는물 수질기준치보다 훨씬 낮았고, 철을 제외한 모든 금속원소의 농도가 시간이 지남에 따라 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 선행된 시험과 비교한 결과 노출되는 금속의 비표면적이 클수록 즉, 타이어칩, 타이어조각, 전체타이어의 순서로 오염물질의 농도가 크게 검출되었다. 형광성 박테리아를 이용한 독성검사의 결과에서는 독성이 발견되는 경향을 보이지 않아 폐타이어에서 나오는 침출수가 유기체에 유해한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

This study was conducted to analyze the priority of environmental problems in Korea by investigating the environmental professionals' perception. The delphi technique was applied to identify their risk perception towards some specific items related with pollution. A standardized questionnaire on environmental problems and their priorities was used to 74 subjects. In the questionnaire, the environmental problems were divided into the general ones,9 items, and the specific ones,30 items. Also, the perception was associated with two points of view which were the risk on general human health or ecosystem, and on the present situation in Korea. The priority of risk from general environmental problems on human health or ecosystem was analyzed in the order of 'water pollution', 'air pollution', 'soil contamination', 'waste', 'toxic chemical pollutants', 'food contamination', 'ocean contamination', 'odor pollution', and 'noise pollution'. The priority of risk on the present situation in Korea was analyzed in the order of 'water pollution','air pollution','waste','toxic chemical pollutants','food contamination','soil contamination','ocean contamination','odor pollution', and 'noise pollution'. And these priorities were significantly related with the characteristics of respondents such as sex, age, and major concerned area. However, for the first five priorities of risk from the specific environmental problems on human health or ecosystem, the environmental professionals agreed with 'automotive vehicle exhaust', 'domestic and industrial source pollutants to surface water', '$CO_2$nd g1oba1 warming effect','toxic air pollutant' and 'industrial source air pollution'. The priorities of risk on the present situation in Korea were similar to these results.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2004

Recently, waste plastic recycling technology is transforming from Incineration system to pyrolysis gasification system which can derive the resources from environmental waste and charge no more environmental burden to nature. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of derived product of pyrolysis gasifications system for recycling of waste plastic by a single oral dose in Sprague-Dawley Rats. In order to evaluate the hepatotoxic effects of derived product of pyrolysis gasification system, activities of serum transaminase were measured in rats. No related changes in survivals, clinical signs and the ratio of the liver to body weights of rats were monitored. The results showed that the single oral administration of material of pyrolysis system for recycling of waste plastic did not induce any toxic effect at orally single dose level of 0 and 100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg body weight in rats. We could not find out any significant tocxicity induced by single oral administrate of material of pyrolysis system for recycling of waste plastic.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1133-1137
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• 2002

폐콘크리트 미분말과 고로 슬래그를 사용하여 유해 산업폐기물 고화용 시멘트를 제조한 후 수화성상과 압축강도를 평가하고 이 시멘트를 COREX 슬러지에 첨가하여 고화처리 하였다. 폐콘크리트 미분말과 슬래그 미분말을 1:1로 하고 여기에 포틀랜드 시멘트와 반수석고를 각각 10% 첨가하여 만든 고화용 시멘트로 사용 가능한 강도를 발현하고 있었다. 이 시멘트로 COREX 슬러지를 고화한 경우에 7일에서 140 kgf/$cm^2$을 상회하는 강도를 보여 폐슬러지를 고화시켜 안정화하는데 응용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.