• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.688-695
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• 2013

This article is focused to examine the influence of relationship between additional costs and repurchase in the outbound package tourists regard to the role of the personal service and brand. It is analysed that the additional costs don't have an effect on the repurchase. And also there is no relationship between repurchase and personal service for the tourists. However the role of the brand plays a mediated effect in repurchase in the outbound markets. Nonetheless the manager and contact employee of travel agents have an attention to the personal service quality and brand as well.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.4301-4319
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• 2017

Adopting mobile chargers (MC) in rechargeable wireless sensors network (R-WSN) to recharge sensors can increase network efficiency (e.g., reduce MC travel distance per tour, reduce MC effort, and prolong WSN lifetime). In this study, we propose a mechanism to split the sensing field into partitions that may be equally spaced but differ in distance to the base station. Moreover, we focus on minimizing the MC effort by providing a new charging mechanism called the sector-based charging schedule (SBCS), which works to dispatch the MC in charging trips to the sector that sends many charging requests and suggesting an efficient sensor-charging algorithm. Specifically, we first utilize the high ability of the BS to divide the R-WSN field into sectors then it select the cluster head for each sector to reduce the intra-node communication. Second, we formulate the charging productivity as NP-hard problem and then conduct experimental simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism. An extensive comparison is performed with other mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate that the SBCS mechanism can prolong the lifetime of R-WSNs by increasing the charging productivity about 20% and reducing the MC effort by about 30%.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2013

The team orienteering problem (TOP) or the multiple tour maximum collection problem can be considered as a generic model that can be applied to a number of challenging applications in logistics, tourism, and other fields. This problem is generally defined as the problem of determining P paths, in which the traveling time of each path is limited by $T_{max}$ that maximizes the total collected score. In the TOP, a set of N vertices i is given, each with a score $S_i$. The starting point (vertex 1) and the end point (vertex N) of all paths are fixed. The time $t_{ij}$ needed to travel from vertex i to j is known for all vertices. Some exact and heuristics approaches had been proposed in the past for solving the TOP. This paper proposes a new solution methodology for solving the TOP using the particle swarm optimization, especially by proposing a solution representation and its decoding method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is then evaluated using several benchmark datasets for the TOP. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm using specific settings is capable of finding good solution for the corresponding TOP instance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.421-428
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• 2019

This study includes services that require six professional guides - health care, exhibition performance, restaurant, shopping, business and daily life - as well as a trip-based tour, along with solving existing problems that may occur on domestic and overseas trips, and proposes services that connect users with proven professional guides. As a result of previous research, the most needed services among overseas travel were air tickets, accommodation, transportation, and guides, but as Korea enters an aging society, professional guide services are expected to increase daily demand. Based on this, the service technology, user scenarios and brand development were presented. This Service Proposal provides users with a personalized guide to knowledge or experience that they have not previously known, providing them with a wealth of experience. In addition, guides can help develop new fields of expertise and help improve professional guides' capabilities. Finally, the platform service is meaningful in that it enables the creation of jobs by enabling everyone to engage in economic activities, as it allows users to provide services through their own capabilities while at the same time being convenient for them.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2018

The tourism industry is now changing to smart tourism, which maximizes tourists' overall tourism experience with the use of advanced mobile technologies and emphasizes the utilization of tourism information. Despite the quantitative expansion of the tourism industry, there is a lack of academic and practical discussion on tourism safety. Especially, in the context of walking tourism, tourists are more likely to be exposed to natural or social disasters and emergencies. Therefore, it is necessary to build a system that can provide walking tourists with safety information not only on dangerous factors which are anticipated to be confronted during a walking trip in advance but also on specific dangers in real time. Under the circumstances, this study seeks to identify the types of tourism safety information that can be offered by using publicly available open data, drawing on the safety information framework on the walking tourism that is presented in Choi et al. (2017)'s study. More specifically, this study focuses on the use of open data which is provided by the Korean government. Furthermore, this study verifies the types of safety information that are most urgently needed in walking travel situations. Specifically, this study aims to derive the importance and priority of each type of safety information for a walking trip by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. For this, we collected 35 questionnaires from walking tour operators (practitioners) and walking tourists. The main results are as follows. First, natural disaster information is the most important factor in the top-level factor of safety information for walking tourists, followed by social disaster, life safety, and exhibition (security crisis) information. Second, information on natural disasters, environmental pollution, and weather is considered to be important at the sub-level factor. Lastly, the noteworthy result of this study is that the importance of each type of safety information varies depending on the walking tour operators (practitioners) and the walking tourists. That is, there is a recognition difference between the operator (practitioner) and the user in the importance and priority of the safety information of the walking trip. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies and services reflecting the opinions of potential users when providing safety information so that the most importantly recognized information can be provided first.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2017

Foreign tourists who are visiting Korea urban tourism destination have been continuedly growing and more various tourism products and service are requested to fit those foreign tourists' needs and wants. Accordingly, tourism contents and its satisfaction in urban tourism destination have been developing to provide more valuable products and service to tourists. This study was conducted to segment foreign tourists based on 4 different tourism urban destination contents, including destination facility contents, leisure entertainment contents, shopping contents, accommodation contents. Cluster analysis provided four different groups based on the mean score of urban tourism destination contents. MANOVA was conducted to identify whether ot not there are differences among the segmented groups in terms of travel performances and destination loyalty, Chi-square analysis were also conducted to see if there are differences among the segmented groups based on demographic informations. Theoretical and practical implication were discussed in the conclusion section. The results of this study would be helpful for tourism products planners and developers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.39-50
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to substantiate the relationship between on-the-job training (OJT) characteristic factors and OJT outcomes and the moderating effect of the tie strength between a trainer and a trainee on the relationship. OJT characteristic factors were composed of a unit of work to be learned, trainee's motivation, trainer's ability, OJT design, and OJT support. OJT outcomes included job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the research. The tie strength means a sense of intimacy with a trainer. All of the OJT characteristic factors, OJT outcomes, and the tie strength were defined operationally as the perceived ones by a trainee. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the data of 302 employees in a domestic travel agency as early career for seven years or less. The main methods for the analysis were multiple linear regression analysis and moderating effect analysis. The whole process of the data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 for windows. Results - The results of the study are as follows: First, every five element of OJT, including unit of work to be learned, trainee's motivation, trainer's ability, OJT design, and OJT support, showed positive influence on OJT outcomes - job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Second, the tie strength between a trainer and a trainee was positively related with OJT outcomes. Finally, the strength of ties between the trainer and the trainee was found positively to moderate the relationship of a unit of work to be learned, OJT design, or OJT support, with OJT outcomes. However, the moderating effect of the tie strength was not significant statistically between the trainee's motivation or the trainer's ability, and OJT outcomes. Conclusion - In the study, it was demonstrated that every OJT characteristic factors have a positive contribution to job satisfaction and organizational commitment for early career employees. In addition, the study showed the need to pay attention to improve the quality of relationships between trainers and trainees, in order to increase the impact of a unit of work to be learned, OJT design, and OJT support. These findings suggest the implications in the three factors as external factors that constitute OJT. The three factors are made by HRD practitioners who are involved in design and operation of the program as well as their interventions to improve the quality of the relationship between trainers and trainees. On the other hand, it was demonstrated in the research that trainee's motivation and trainer's ability, regardless of their tie strength, have a direct impact on OJT outcomes by itself. Moreover, the trainee's motivation and trainer's ability are intrinsic characteristics, rather than external factors that constitute OJT. Therefore, they are unlikely to be changed by HRD practitioners' interventions. In conclusion, it was argued in the research that the trainee's motivation and trainer's ability should be a consideration in selecting and matching partners in OJT participants before starting OJT.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.15-29
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• 2013

Shopping is considered a 'must-do' activity for most people on travel. One of the major parts of tourist shopping is the purchasing of souvenirs. Souvenirs are universally associated with tourism as a commercially produced and purchased object to remind the purchaser of the experience. Recently, Korea becomes one of the most popular destinations that many Asian tourists like to visit. Among those Asian tourists, the number of Thai tourists bound for Korea shows an incredible rapid growth. Thai people pick Korea and Seoul as their favorite country and city to visit for three consecutive years since 2009. One of the major reasons why Thais are choosing to tour Korea is the enthusiasm for Korean pop culture. That is, 'Hallyu' has influenced Thais' decision to visit Korea and purchase Korean products. The primary objective of the current research is to explore the shopping experiences of Thai tourists, specifically their souvenir shopping. It adopts a reflexive interpretive approach to bring light to the various meanings Thai tourists attach to the souvenirs they purchase in Korea. In order to accomplish the objective, the individual interviews were conducted. A total of 12 Thais who have experienced traveling in Korea participated in the study. Four themes were identified through interview text analysis. First, the research participants almost always purchase souvenirs in Korea because the souvenirs represent their identities as tourists. Especially, they purchase the souvenirs as gifts for others, including family members, friends, and colleagues. The souvenirs as gifts show love and thanks to others, and they cement the social relationship. However, purchasing souvenirs for others is more like the moral obligations which evoke the psychological stress. Secondly, the research participants feel closer to Korea while shopping souvenirs around. Thirdly, they obtain imaginative experiences and pleasure through souvenirs related to the Korean pop culture. Souvenirs provide them to visually extraordinary experiences. Lastly, souvenirs purchased in Korea act as visible status marker when they go back to Thailand. They show the socioeconomic status and lifestyles. Tourists themselves and others place special value to souvenirs that were purchased out of Thailand. The findings of this study are of both academic and practical importance. Souvenirs are among the most pervasive elements of the travel experience. However, souvenir shopping is the complicated consumer behavior within tourism both from business and social science perspectives. Along the same line, it needs strategic approaches in order to maximize the economy effects. It concludes by suggesting how further research could offer unique insights into how the souvenirs are positioned both in the context of tourism academics and industry.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 2003

This study researched the changing characteristics of Korean visitors to New Zealand after the IMF Crisis(the 1997 Korean financial collapse), through data from New Zealand Tourism Board and an internet-based survey. Since the Korean financial collapse, the Korean visitor to New Zealand has changed from an older to a younger generation. The reason for this change in age is considered clue to visiting as a family group, visiting to study English and the popularity of touring among the young adult generation. Thus the numbers of older generation travelers has decreased steeply, while an increase in younger visitors has occurred and they stay for longer and come during the school vacation period. The preferred or most popular itinerary is influenced by New Zealand's travel infrastructure, the younger travelers seeking adventure tourism, where this is located and package tours fixed itineraries. The main tour activities at attractions is visiting the tourist information centre, museums and internet cafes. These activities were popular with the younger generation and, along with New Zealand's unique scenic resources and famous activities, attracted visitors to the main tourist destinations. The average satisfaction levels of the respondents, according to the survey was 3.52 out of 5.00 criterion, this resulted from analysis of 14items and their satisfaction levels. New Zealand and Korean tourism policy makers, including travel agents and tourism development authorities, need to devise efficient tourism policy to accommodate these changing characteristics of Korean tourists, as highlighted through the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide sustainable measures for conservation and management to protect valuable natural/ecological resources, offer differentiated quality assurance services for eco-tourism products, and explore measures for eco-tourism certification/designation systems. To achieve its goals, the study discussed domestic and overseas trends and literatures that concern eco-tourism certification/designation system and investigated case studies that were presently operational. A group of experts and a group of non-experts were surveyed separatedly to investigate the awareness of the national eco-tourism certification/designation system. The results from the investigation indicate that Europe, since the late 1990s to early 2000, has actively introduced a system that establishes and operates a dedicated institution, and European members have created a cooperation framework to formulate international partnerships and develop standardized assessment benchmarks to adhere to the goals of the system, the period for certification was designated from one year to five years, and renewals were granted based on periodic monitoring and reassessment. In Korea, from early 2000, the Ministry of Culture, Sorts and Tourism and other organizations have certified product quality and assessed travel products and national park tour programs. The certification period was established to be set between one and three years, and the vast majority were not reassessed. Upon investigating the results for awareness of national eco-tourism certification/designation system, a high number of respondents agreed with the need to establish a eco-tourism certification/designation system (90% of respondents), and the respondents cited eco-tourism quality assurance, conservation of value, means to maintain established institutions, and environmental education and information as reasons for needing a certification/designation system. In Korea, a certification/designation system for the eco-tourism industry is presently in operation, but the system regulates target institutions based on their characteristics. Therefore, this study proposes its suggestions via various categories, including designated institutions, designated purpose, designated subjects, designated organization, laws, regulations, and incentives.