• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile bonds strength (${\mu}TBS$) of resin core with two adhesive systems to dentin in endodontic cavities. Materials and Methods: Flat dentinal surfaces in 40 molar endodontic cavities were treated with self-etch adhesive system, Contax (DMG) and total-etch adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) after the following surface treatments: (1) Priming only (Contax), (2) CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Contax), (3) Etching with priming (Adper Single Bond 2), (4) Etching + CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Adper Single Bond 2). Resin composite build-ups were made with LuxaCore (DMG) using a bulk method and polymerized for 40 sec. For each condition, half of specimens were submitted to ${\mu}TBS$ after 24 hr storage and half of them were submitted to thermocycling of 10,000 cycles between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ before testing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 95%. Results: CHX pre-treatment did not affect the bond strength of specimens tested at the immediate testing period, regardless of dentin surface treatments. However, after 10,000 thermocycling, all groups showed reduced bond strength. The amount of reduction was greater in groups without CHX treatments than groups with CHX treatment. These characteristics were the same in both self-etch adhesive system and total-etch adhesive system. Conclusions: 2% CHX application for 15 sec proved to alleviate the decrease of bond strength of dentin bonding systems. No significant difference was shown in ${\mu}TBS$ between total-etching system and self-etching system.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Over the past years, the adhesion of fiber posts luted with simplified adhesive systems has been a matter of great interest. The aim of this study was to assess the post retentive potential of a self-adhesive resin cement using different adhesive systems to compare the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The post spaces of 56 mandibular premolar roots were prepared and divided into 4 experimental groups and further divided into 2 subgroups according to testing time (n=7). The fiber posts (Rely X Fiber Post) were luted with a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem) and one of the following adhesive systems: no adhesive, a total-etch adhesive resin (Single Bond), a two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond) and a one-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil S3 Bond). Each root was cut horizontally, and 1.5 mm thick six root segments were prepared. Push-out tests were performed after one week or three months (0.5 mm/min). Statistical analysis were performed with three-way ANOVA (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Cervical root segments showed higher bond strength values than middle segments. Adhesive application increased the bond strength. For one week group, the total-etch adhesive resin Single Bond showed higher bond strength than the self-adhesive resin cement RelyX Unicem applied without adhesive resin at middle region. For 3 months group, the two-step self-etch adhesive resin Clearfil SE Bond showed the highest bond strength for both regions. Regarding the time considered, Clearfil SE Bond 3 months group showed higher bond strength values than one week group. CONCLUSION. Using the adhesive resins in combination with the self-adhesive resin cement improves the bond strengths. The bond strength values of two-step self-etch adhesive resin Clearfil SE Bond improved as time passes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.385-396
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• 2011

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of adhesion variables such as the priming concepts of canal wall and the curing modes of adhesives on the sealing ability of a resin-based root canal filling system. Materials and Methods: Apical microleakage of the Resilon-RealSeal systems filled with 3 different combinations of adhesion variables was compared with the conventional gutta-percha filling using a dye penetration method. Experimental groups were SEDC, Resilon (Resilon Research LLC) filling with self-etch RealSeal (SybronEndo) primer and dual-cure RealSeal sealer; NELC, Resilon filling with no etching, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE) primer application and light-curing adhesive; and TELC, Resilon filling with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer and adhesive used under total etch / wet bonding and lightcure protocols. GPCS, gutta-percha filling with conventional AH26 plus sealer, was the control group. Results: The median longitudinal dye penetration length of TELC was significantly shorter than those of GPCS and SEDC (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). In the cross-sectional microleakage scores, TELC showed significant differences from other groups at 2 to 5 mm from the apical foramen (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusions: When a resin-based root canal filling material was used, compared to the self-etching primer and the dual-cure sealer, the total etch/wet-bonding with primer and light-curing of adhesive showed improved apical sealing and was highly recommended.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.560.1-560
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• 2001

To evaluate the micro-shear bond strength of current adhesive systems to cervical and mid-coronal enamel. Materials and Two commercially available resin adhesives were investigated; a self-etching primer system(Clearfil SE Bond, Kyraray) and a one-bottle adhesive system(Single Bond, 3M) intended for use with the total-etch wet-bonding technique were employed. Two regions of enamel, cervical and mid-coronal regions, were chosen from the buccal surface of extracted molars and were then bonded with each adhesive system and submitted to the micro-shear bond test.(중략)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine the variability of adhesive thickness on the different site of the cavity wall when used total-etch system without filler and simplified self-etch system with filler and to evaluate the relationship between variable adhesive thickness and microtensile bond strength to the cavity wall. A class I cavity in six human molars was prepared to expose all dentinal walls. Three teeth were bonded with a filled adhesive, $Clearfil^{TM}$ SE bond ana the other three teeth were bonded with unfilled adhesives, $Scotchbond^{TM}$ Multi Purpose. Morphology and thickness of adhesive layer were examined using fluorescence microscope. Bonding agent thickness was measured at three points along the axial cavity wall edge of cavity margin (rim). halfway down each cavity wall (h1f), internal angle of the cavity (ang). After reproducing the adhesive thickness at rim, h1f and ang, micro-tensile bond strength were evaluated. For both bonding agents, adhesive thickness of ang was significantly thicker than that of rim and h1f (P <0.05). As reproduced the adhesive thickness, microtensile bond strength was increased as adhesive thickness was increased in two bonding agents. Adhesive thickness of internal angle of the cavity was significantly thicker than that of the cavity margin and the halfway cavity wall for both bonding agents. Microtensile bond strength of the thick adhesive layer at the internal angle of the cavity was higher than that of the thin adhesive layer at 1,he cavity margin and the halfway cavity in the two bonding systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.23.1-23.9
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the microshear bond strength (${\mu}SBS$) of different universal adhesive systems applied to hybrid computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative materials repaired with a composite resin. Materials and Methods: Four types of CAD-CAM hybrid block materials-Lava Ultimate (LA), Vita Enamic (VE), CeraSmart (CS), and Shofu Block HC (SH)-were used in this study, in combination with the following four adhesive protocols: 1) control: porcelain primer + total etch adhesive (CO), 2) Single Bond Universal (SB), 3) All Bond Universal (AB), and 4) Clearfil Universal Bond (CU). The ${\mu}SBS$ of the composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic) was measured and the data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The CAD-CAM block type and block-adhesive combination had significant effects on the bond strength values (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the following pairs of groups: VE/CO and VE/AB, CS/CO and CS/AB, VE/CU and CS/CU, and VE/AB and CS/AB (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ${\mu}SBS$ values were affected by hybrid block type. All tested universal adhesive treatments can be used as an alternative to the control treatment for repair, except the AB system on VE blocks (the VE/AB group). The ${\mu}SBS$ values showed variation across different adhesive treatments on different hybrid CAD-CAM block types.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.445-454
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) of different adhesive systems to calcium silicate-based materials (Biodentine and RetroMTA). Eighty cylindrical acrylic blocks, with a hole (5.0 mm diameter, 2.0 mm height) in each, were prepared. The holes were filled with Biodentine (BD) and RetroMTA (RMTA), and the specimens were divided into 2 groups. Each group was classified into 4 subgroups: Clearfil$^{TM}$ SE (CSE) ; AQ bond (AQ) ; All bond universal Self-etch (ABU-SE) ; and All bond universal Total-etch (ABU-TE). After the application of different adhesive systems, composite resin (Z350) was applied over BD and RMTA. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and the data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. The highest and lowest values of SBS were observed for BD-ABU-SE and RMTA-AQ, respectively. No significant differences were found in the SBS between ABU-TE and ABU-SE and between ABU-TE and CSE to BD and RMTA. According to the data, BD showed a higher SBS than did RMTA when BD and RMTA are compared in the same adhesive agents. Further, among all groups, composite resin with ABU-SE showed better bond strength to BD and RMTA.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2009

When we use the total-etch dentin adhesive system for composite resin restorations, gel or liquid acid etchant such as 37% phosphoric acid is commonly used. Thirty seven percentage phosphoric acid is very powerful erosive agent, and can cause severe harmful effects when it contacts with an oral mucosa and facial skin. This case describes iatrogenic chemical burn on facial skin caused by phosphoric acid which was happened during composite resin restorative procedure. Chemical burn by acid etchant can be evoked by careless handling of remnant and syringe. In order to prevent these iatrogenic injuries, we should check the complete removal of the etching agent both in intra and extra-oral environments after etching and rinsing procedure and it is necessary to use of the rubber dam or isolation instruments. If accidental burn were occurred. immediate wash with copious water. And bring the patient to the dermatologist as soon as possible.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.514-521
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of two self etch systems to human primary and permanent enamel and the effect of additional acid etching time. Exfoliated, caries free human primary molar(n=65) and permanent molar extracted (n=65) were used. prepared enamel specimens were randomly divided into 2 test groups and a control group. The control group(n=10) were treated with 35% phosphoric acid gel and Scotchbond Multi-purpose adhesive. Experimental groups(self-etching systems) were subdivided into 6 groups(each n=10) according to additional etching time(0s, 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 30s). The result were as follows : 1) The shear bond strengths of the self-etching adhesives(Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-pop) without additional etching were lower than control group(Scotch Bond Multipurpose). 2) Between the same self-etch adhesive groups, additional etched groups showed higher shear bond strength 3) There was no significant difference between primary and permanent enamel. In conclusion, bond strength of self-etch adhesives to enamel could be increased with additional etching.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.222-235
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• 2007

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the ${\mu}TBS$ (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability. Freshly extracted $3^{rd}$ molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE) Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain $1\times1mm$ sticks after 24 hours of storage at $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The ${\mu}TBS$ test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/ Duncan's test at the a < 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. 3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress. 2. SE showed the highest bond strength, but single step adhesives (PL, XE) had the lowest value both before and after thermocycling. 3 Most of adhesives showed adhesive failure. The total-etching systems were prone to adhesive failure and the single-step systems were mixed failure after thermocycling. Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/ procedure of adhesive Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.