• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1989

Experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum season for mulberry graftages harvesting before the period of natural leaf fall in autumn. Harvesting season was examined at 10 days intervals from September 30 to November 20, 1985 and 1986, at nine sites in eight provinces. The results were : 1. Diameter of graftages increased until October 30. 2. Early harvest of graftages decreased survived rate, number of shoots, and total shoot length the next spring. The October 30 harvest yielded the best growth the following spring. 3. Harvests after October 20 allowed for good survial of mulberry shoots and sprouting the following spring. 4. Total N and P in plants increased with late harvests, K decreased, and Ca content was not affected by harvest date. 5. Total N, P, and Ca were higher in stem cortex than root bark, while K appeared to be equally distributed between root and shoot bark.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.441-445
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of variouis organic substrates on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng seedlings in a shaded plastic house. In the investigation of optimal substrate, the eight substrate were formulated by adjusting blending rate of peatmoss, perlite, coir dust(coco peat), and vermiculite. Then, the changes in physico chemical properties of root substrates as well as their influences on the growth characteristics and yield were determined at six months after sowing. The elevation of the blending rate of peatmoss from 50% to 70% with decrease in the rate of inorganic component (mixture of perlite and vermiculite) from 50 to 30% resulted in the increase in container capacities and decrease in total porosities and air-filled capacities. The concentrations of $NH_4-N$, $P_2O_5$ and K increased as the incorporation rate of castor seed meal, phosphate ore, and langbenite, respectively, were elevated during the root medium formulations. The PPV-1 and PPV-4 substrates produced high stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and root length among eight substrate. Root fresh weight was heaviest in PPV-4 compound nursery media. The results of this experiment will be utilized in the new substrate application for ginseng organic culture in shaded vinyl house.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 2006

The marketability of soybean sprout mainly depends on shape such as hypocotyl thickness and presence of lateral root formation, etc. To clarify the effects of agitating culture box on growth and shape of soybean sprouts, different agitation frequency (0, 3, 5 times day-1) and duration (0, 1, 2, 3 days) were applied during sprout cultivation. More frequent and longer agitation resulted in less lateral root formation and shorter hypocotyl length, while total lengths were not affected by agitation due to agitation-induced root length increment. Agitation also increased the diameter of hypocotyl's hook pin, but not the middle part. Unlike morphological characteristics, the growth of sprouts as measured by fresh and dry weight of cotyledon, hypocotyl, root were not affected by agitation. In conclusion, it is very likely that agitating culture box during sprout cultivation may alter the shape of soybean sprouts without affecting growth of sprouts.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2001

Species and races of root-knot nematodes in greenhouses in southern Korea were investigated and a simple identification scheme was provided. Among 23 populations of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 was 59%, M. incognita race 1 was 23%, and an unknown race of M. incognita was 18%. Total length of M. arenaria juveniles was 411㎛(306-503㎛) and that of M. incognita was 384㎛(312-488㎛); however, the ranges of two species were overlapped and could not be used to distinguish the two species. Excretory pore in female head was a consistent character to differentiate M. arenaria and M. incognita.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

This study was conducted to distribution characteristic of root diameter class between natural and planted stands of one-age class in Pinus densiflora for. eracta in Gangwon. Root development presented that 0.5-2.0 mm diameter class was large part in total root number and length but 0.5-2.0 mm diameter class have a low distribution in each stand. Below 5.0 mm diameter class between natural and planted stands observed outstanding natural stand more than planted stand, but reverse over 5.0 mm diameter class. Root development depending on soil level of vertical and horizontal was presented various natural stand more than planted stand because root distribution of planted stand was concentrated low soil level in 10 cm of soil depth and 20 cm of soil horizontal layer. We can understand that the root distribution presented different between natural and planted stand, therefore this result can used as a basic information for correct of outplanting.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

Background: The quality differences in seedlings of medicinal herbs often affect the quality of medicinal parts. The establishment of the grading standard of Panax notoginseng seedlings is significant for the stable quality of medicinal parts of P. notoginseng. Methods: To establish the grading standard of P. notoginseng seedlings, a total of 36,000 P. notoginseng seedlings were collected from 30 producing areas, of which the fresh weight, root length, root diameter, bud length, bud diameter, and rootlet number were measured. The K-means clustering method was applied to grade seedlings and establish the grading standard. Results: The fresh weight and rootlet number of P. notoginseng seedlings were determined as the final indices of grading. P. notoginseng seedlings from different regions of Yunnan could be preliminarily classified into four grades: the special grade, the premium grade, the standard grade, and culled seedlings. Conclusion: The grading standard was proven to be reasonable according to the agronomic characters, emergence rate, and photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings after transplantation, and the yields and contents of active constituents of the medicinal parts from different grades of seedlings.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the possible use of volcano eruption sand at Merapi mountain area compared with clayey soil, alfisol as turfgrass growing media. Indonesia has abundant source of eruption sand and clayey soil. Native zoysiagrass (Z. matrella) was collected from Sleman district and seashore paspalum (P. vaginatum) from Solo region. The experimental plots were treated with both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Zoysiagrass and seashore paspalum can grow on the mixture of eruption volcano sand and alfisol soil. Fertilizers application increased turf color, surface coverage rate and recovery rate of turfgrass. While fertilizer treated alfisol have no effect on the length and dry weight of zoysiagrass root. Mixing of volcano eruption sand on growing media resulted in longer root length, higher shoot dry weight of zoysiagrass than in alfisol soil. Type of fertilizer affected the pH, soil organic matter, total N, available P, available K and electrical conductivity of sand and alfisol after cultivation. Similarly to zoysiagrass, the recovery of seashore paspalum was increased by application of fertilizer, even the inorganic fertilizer showed faster recovery than organic fertilizer. Surface coverage of seashore paspalum was faster than that of zoysiagrass with or without fertilizer.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine the effect by different types and concentrations of auxin on the rooting and growth of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) cuttings in the greenhouse. The NAD (1-naphthylacetamide), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), and IAA (3-indoleacetic acid) were applied with a 1 hour soaking as 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg·L-1, respectively. The non-treatment was set as the control. The cuttings of strawberry were transplanted in the strawberry seedling tray filled with coir medium on June 4, 2020. The humidification was carried out for 2 weeks. The average relative humidity, daytime temperature, and nighttime temperature inside the humidification tunnel was 63.4 ± 15%, 29.3 ± 5℃, and 16.2 ± 5℃, respectively. There was no significant difference in rooting rate on the control, IBA, and IAA treatments. However, significantly low rooting rates were observed in NAD treatments. The survival rates were significantly higher in the control and IBA with 50 mg·L-1 than in other treatments. The number of leaves was the highest in IBA with 100 mg·L-1. The root length was the longest in the control. More number of roots were counted in IAA with 100 and 150 mg·L-1. The dry weight of root was the heaviest in the control. The total root length, root surface, number of root tips, and number of root forks were significantly higher in the control. As a result, control, IAA, and IBA showed similar shoot and root growth. However, NAD showed the worst root and shoot growth. Consequently, compared with IAA and IBA, NAD was not appropriate plant growth regulator of rooting for cutting propagated strawberries.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

This study was designed to determine the effect of red LEDs during healing and acclimatization process on the survival rate and quality of grafted tomato seedlings. Red LEDs and no light (darkness) were used for treating three rootstock cultivars, which are 'B-Blocking', 'Kanbarune', 'High-power' in healing room. Results showed that survival rates of grafted seedlings in red LEDs were higher than those in no light treatment. Significant variation on survival rates of rootstock cultivars was observed in no light treatment but there was not significant variation in red LEDs treatment. Light treatment also reduced the percentage of infected plants, except for the 'Kanbarune' cultivar. Seedling quality in red LEDs was better than that in no light treatment by improving growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root. Light treatments and rootstock cultivars did not affect number of leaves, leaf chlorophyll value and T/R ratio of seedlings, but seedlings in red LEDs were significantly more compact than those in no light treatment. Moreover, the root morphology of seedlings such as total root surface area, total root length, and number of toot tips in red LEDs was also greater than that in no light treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.281-292
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• 2004

Periodontal defects of the furcation are characterized by several inherent anatomic factors that can make successful periodontal therapy difficult and results unpredictable. The severity and rate of occurrence of periodontal disease are directly related to the location of the furcation relative to the cementa-enamel junction and anatomical form of the root by limiting the accessibility and effectiveness of the periodontal instrumentation. This study investigated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiograph diagnoses of the periodontal state of mandibular molars, particularly regarding the diagnosis of furcation area periodontal defects, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction. This study examined a total of 110 teeth belonging to 33 subjects (19 male, 14 female) presenting with incipient to moderate periodontitis 4-7mmpocket depth. The alveolar bone level, length and width of the root trunk, and root separation angle were measured using the panoramic radiograph and compared to the results taken directly by retracting a full-thickness flap. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Data regarding the alveolar bone level of the mandibular first molar showed that the directly taken surgical measurements resulted in $5.1{\pm}0.9mm$ that was slightly deeper than the corresponding panoramic measurement resulted in $4.8{\pm}0.8mm$, but these differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 2. The data of the directly taken surgical measurement of the mandibular second molar $(5.1{\pm}1.1mm)$ was slightly deeper than the corresponding panoramic measurement $(4.7{\pm}1.2mm)$, but these differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 3. The measured values of the length and width of the mandibular first molar root trunks were determined to be $4.1{\pm}0.6mm$ and $7.3{\pm}0.9mm$, respectively, while the values of the mandibular second molar root trunks were determined to be $4.6{\pm}1.3mm$ and $7.6{\pm}0.9mm$ respectively. The differences between these values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). 4. The measured values of the root separation angle showed that the mandibular first molars averaged $34.5{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$, while the mandibular second molars averaged $23.0{\pm}10.0^{\circ}$. The differences between these values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01).