• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.427-429
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• 1995

In this paper, the effect of alkaline oxides on the humidity sensitivity of $V_2O_5$(2mol%)-doped $TiO_2$(98mol%) was investigated as functions of $Li_2CO_3$, $K_2CO_3$, additives (x= 0.0 mol%, 1mol%, 2mol%, 5mol%, 10mol%). 1. The porosity and total intrusion volume of sample containing 1, 2, 5mol% $K_2O$ was increased, and then those of 10mol% $K_2O$ was reduced again. 2. The humidity sensitivity of samples containing 1, 2, 5, 10mol% $K_2O$ were good generally. Especially the sample containing 5mol% $K_2O$ were the better. 3. the stability of the humidity sensitivity of samples containing $K_2O$ at low and high temperatures is very good.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the influence of using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) on the properties of pervious concrete (PC). The natural aggregate (NA) was replaced by RCA and RAP in the PC with replacement levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% by the total weight of NA, respectively. In addition to incorporating RAP and RCA in the same mixes with replacement levels of: (1) 20% RAP and 80% RCA; (2) 60% RAP and 40% RCA; and (3) 80% RAP and 20% RCA. Water permeability, thermal conductivity, density, porosity, void content, and compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were studied in this paper. The results showed that using RCA, RAP, and (RAP-RCA) enhanced the properties of PC in general and improved the mechanical properties significantly in particular. The optimum mix was reported to be the 60% RAP and 40% RCA. Accordingly, the RAP has the potential to be used in PC in order to reduce the negative impact of RAP on the human health and environment.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 2020

In this research, the buckling analysis of sandwich beam with composite reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) in two face sheets is investigated. Three type various porosity patterns including uniform, symmetric and asymmetric are considered through the thickness direction of the core. Also, the top and bottom face sheets layers are considered composite reinforced by GPLs/CNTs based on Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model and extended mixture rule, respectively. Based on various shear deformation theories such as Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko and Reddy beam theories, the governing equations of equilibrium using minimum total potential energy are obtained. It is seen that the critical buckling load decreases with an increase in the porous coefficient, because the stiffness of sandwich beam reduces. Also, it is shown that the critical buckling load for asymmetric distribution is lower than the other cases. It can see that the effect of graphene platelets on the critical buckling load is higher than carbon nanotubes. Moreover, it is seen that the difference between carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets for Reddy and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories is most and least, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.209-212
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• 2001

수중에서 물과 공기 다공을 갖는 다공성 매질의 주파수 및 다공율 변화에 따른 음향특성을 고찰하였다. 다공성 매질로서 원통형 다공을 인위적으로 균일하게 배열한 판형 루사이트 (Lucite)를 사용하였다. 수중에서 음파를 다공성 매질의 원통형 다공의 축 방향과 평행하게 입사하였을 때, 빠른 파 (fast wave)는 다공 내의 매질에 영향을 받지 않으나, 느린 파 (slow wave) 및 원통형 다공을 전파하는 비평면 고차 정상 모드 파 (nonplanar higher normal mode wave)는 다공 내의 매질에 크게 영향을 받는다. 3MHz부터 4MHz까지의 주파수 영역에서 전체 파 (total wave), 빠른 파 및 느린 파의 음속 및 음압투과계수를 주파수 및 물과 공기 다공율 변화에 따라 측정하였다. 비강체 다공성 매질에서의 음파 전파특성에 대한 MBA (modified Biot-Attenborough) 모델의 이론 결과와 실험결과를 비교, 분석하였다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 1999

The pumping test analysis on 28 pumping test data in Duksan hot-spring area was performed using the fractal model, the leaky fractal model, and the steady-state dual-porosity fractal model. The fractional flow dimension 1.9 or 2.0 was determined in the central put of the hot spring and the fractional flow dimension 1.5-1.7 in the marginal area. For the flow dimension 2.0, the correlation between the transmissivity and the productivity index by the aquifer loss was much better than that between the transmissivity and the specific yield by the total drawdown. On the other hand, for the flow dimension 1.9, the correlation between the generalized transmissivity and the productivity index was very similar to that between the generalized transmissivity and the specific yield.

• Carbon letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2003

Silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) powder was mixed into a reformed pitch precursor. Then, the silver-containing pitch was melt spun to form round and "C" shape fibers. A wire mesh was inserted prior to the nozzle to improve the spinnability of the silvercontaining precursor pitch. Silver particles in the carbon fibers (CFs) were detected by XRD and TEM. These tests showed that silver particles were uniformly distributed and the total amount of silver remained constant during stabilization and carbonization. Next, the silver-containing CFs were activated by steam diluted in nitrogen gas. Silver particles accelerated the activation rate, but the specific surface areas of the silver-containing ACFs were similar to those of non-silver containing ACFs at the same burn-off levels. The specific surface area of the C-shaped activated carbon fibers was larger than that of the round activated carbon fibers. The likely reason is that the surface area of a C-shaped CF is about two times larger than that of a round CF when equivalent cross-sectional areas are compared. A small amount of silver particles in the periphery of the CFs was removed during the activation, but the remainder of silver was stayed within the ACFs.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.333-346
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• 1997

Plasma spray processes for functional coatings of tubular SOFC ( Soild oxide Fuel Cell).consisting of air electrode, oxide electrolyte, an fuel electrode, are optimized by fully saturated fractional factorial testing. Material and electric characteristics of each coating are analtsed by the implementation of SEM and optical microscope for evaluating microstructure and porosity, X-ray diffraction method for investigating compositional change between raw powder and sprayed coating, and Van der Pauw method for measuring electrical conductivity. LSM ($La_{0.65}Sr_{0.35}MnO_3$air electrode and Ni-YSL fuel electrode coatings have porosities of around 23~30% sufficient for effective fuel and oxidant gas supply to electrochemical reaction interfaces and electrical conductivities of around 90 S/cm and 1000 S/cm, respectively, enough for acting as current collecting electrodes. YSZ($ZrO_2-8mol%Y_2O_3$) electrolyte film has a high ionic conductivities of 0.05~0.07 S/cm at $1000^{\circ}C$ in air atmosphere, but appears to be somewhat too porous to reduce the thickness. for enhancing the cell efficiency. A unit tubular SOFC has beem fabricated by the optimized plasma spray processes for each functional coating and the cell. Its electrochemical chracteristics are investigated by measuring voltage-current and power density with variation of operationg temperature, radio of fuel to air gas flowrates, and total gas flowrate of reactants.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

In this study, we prepared magnesium ion containing oxide films formed on the Ti-6Al-4V using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment. Ti-6Al-4V surface was treated using PEO in Mg containing electrolytes at 270V for 5 min. The phase, composition and morphology of the Mg ion containing oxide films were evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and filed-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The biocompatibility of Mg ion containing oxide films was evaluated by immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF). According to surface properties of PEO films, the optimum condition was formed when the applied was 270 V. The PEO films formed in the condition contained the properties of porosity, anatase phase, and near 1.7 Ca(Mg)/P ratio in the oxide film. Our experimental results demonstrate that Mg ion containing oxide promotes bone like apatite nucleation and growth from SBF. The phase and morphologies of bone like apatite were influenced by the Mg ion concentration.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The hybrid method of three-dimensional ion implantation and electric arc is presented as a novel plasma-ion technique that allows by means of high voltage pulsed and electric arc discharges, the bombardment of non-metallic and metallic ions then implanting upon the surface of a solid surface, especially out of metallic nature. In this study AISI/SAE 4140 samples, a tool type steel broadly used in the industry due to its acceptable physicochemical properties, were metallographically prepared then surface modified by implanting titanium and simultaneously titanium and nitrogen particles during 5 min and 10 min. The effect of the ion implantation technique over the substrate surface was analysed by characterization and electrochemical techniques. From the results, the formation of Ti micro-droplets upon the surface after the implantation treatment were observed by micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of doping particles on the implanted substrates were detected by elemental analysis. The linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic polarization and total porosity analysis demonstrated that the samples whose implantation treatment with Ti ions for 10 min, offer a better protection against the corrosion compared with non-implanted substrates and implanted at the different conditions in this study.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

This study was performed to fabricate porous titanium foam by three-dimensional layer manufacturing process, and to evaluate the porosities, compressive stress, Young's modulus and fracture pattern. Porous titanium foam was made of CP(Commercial Pure) titanium powder (${\leq}5{\mu}m$). Total porosities of titanium foam were in the range of 55-68%. Pore size distribution was $200-440{\mu}m$ for coarse pores, $50-100{\mu}m$ for intermediate pores and $5-10{\mu}m$ for fine pores. Compression elastic modulus and compression stress were decreased with increasing porosity. Young's modulus ranged from 1.04-5.62 GPa and maximum stress ranged from 20-241 MPa. Regarding the mechanical properties, 3D(Three Demensional) porous titanium fabricated layer manufacturing is a promising material for human bone replacement.