• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-CP) or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDM-CP). Methods: Forty-eight human participants were divided into two groups: an experimental (T2DM-CP) group (group I, n=24) comprising chronic periodontitis patients with random blood sugar ${\geq}200mg/dL$ and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and control (NDM-CP) group (group II, n=24) of those with chronic periodontitis and random blood sugar <200 without T2DM for the study. All subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) including complete SRP and subgingival debridement. Periodontal health parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), GCF volume (GCF vol), GCF-CRP, random blood glucose (RBS), glycated hemoglobin, and systemic inflammatory markers, serum CRP, total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil count (Neutr) and lymphocyte count (Lymph), were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after SRP. Results: NSPT resulted in statistically significant improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum as well as GCF of both groups I and II. The mean improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum and GCF was greater in group I than group II after NSPT. There was nonsignificant increase in GCF-CRP, TLC, Lymph, and RBS, and a significant increase in Neutr and Serum CRP in group II at 1 month. The Serum CRP level of 20 out of 24 group II patients had also increased at 1 month. Conclusions: The CRP levels in both GCF and serum were higher in T2DM-CP patients than in NDM-CP patients. Although there was a significant improvement in both the groups, greater improvement was observed in both GCF and serum samples of T2DM-CP patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.215-217
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• 2016

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent form of leukemia in Europe and North America, and it mainly affects older individuals. Many approaches are implemented in the management of CLL from a watch and wait (W&W) strategy to chemotherapeutic regimens. We here reviewed our clinical practice for the relevance of the W&W strategy in Lebanese CLL patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 patients with CLL diagnosed in four institutions in Lebanon, between 1992 and 2013, were selected and their files were reviewed. Characteristics of these patients were noted including age, sex, RAI and Binet scores, CBC values, presence of hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, performance of bone marrow biopsy or peripheral blood flux cytometry for diagnosis, adoption of W&W strategy, different chemotherapeutic regimens and the indications for treatment. Results: Some 38 patients (40%) diagnosed with CLL were women and 57 (60%) were men with a mean age of 65.1 years [36-89]. Of the total, 50.5%, 17.2%, 14%, 7.5% and 10.8% had an RAI score at diagnosis of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, while 65.6%, 17.2% and 17.2% had Binet scores of I, II and III. The mean lymphocyte count at diagnosis was $39885/mm^3$ [1596-290000], the mean hemoglobin level was 12.7 g/dl [6.2-17] and the mean platelet count was $191255/mm^3$ [14000-458000]. While 26.3% of patients with CLL had splenomegaly, only 7.4% had hepatomegaly. Some 33.7% had undergone a bone marrow biopsy, 66.3% flow cytometry of circulating blood and 5.3% a lymph node biopsy. Overall, the W&W was adopted in 62.4% (58) of patients with a mean duration of 37.7 months [3-216]. The W&W was used in 82.6%, 73.3%, 46.2%, 14.3% and 0% of patients having RAI scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and, it was used in 80%, 46.7% and 6.25% with Binet scores of I, II and III. The most frequent indication for treatment was anemia and thrombocytopenia, accounting for 32.7% of cases. The most frequently used chemotherapeutical regimens were chlorambucil until the end of the last century and flufarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab during the last decade. Conclusions: This retrospective review of CLL clinical practice showed an important implementation of the W&W strategy with a long duration, especially in early stage cases with low RAI or Binet scores.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has facilitated an improvement in acupuncture treatment. In this study, we stimulated Shaochong (HT9), Dadun (LR1), Shaohai (HT3), and Yingu (KI10) acupoints with pulsed laser diodes 532 nm [green laser] and 658 nm [red laser] in rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact control; MCAO control without LLLT; LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (RR); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (GG); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and red laser at HT3·KI10 (GR); and LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and green laser at HT3·KI10 (RG). We evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, and complete blood count changes. Compared to the MCAO control group, the RG group showed a significant decrease in Bax and cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

The present study was designed to compare the nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Subjects were 58 HD patients (male/female = 29/29) and 33 CAPD patients (male/female = 23/10) undergoing dialysis treatment in Artificial Kidney Unit of Chonbuk National University Hospital. For nutritional assessment, %IBW (ideal body weight), %TSF (tricep skin fold), %MAC (mid arm circumference), %MAMC (mid arm muscle circumference), serum albumin, serum transferrin, TLC (total lymphocyte count), SGA (subjective global assessment) and estimated energy and protein intakes by 1-month food frequency method were used. Between HD and CAPD group, mean age (50 $\pm$ 12 vs. 52 $\pm$ 12 yr), dialysis durations (37 $\pm$ 36 vs. 30 $\pm$ 26 mon), dietary energy intakes (28.3 $\pm$ 9.0 vs. 28.8 $\pm$ 8.6 kcal/kg/day), dietary protein intakes (1.1 $\pm$ 0.4 vs. 1.2 $\pm$ 0.3 g/kg/day) and incidence of co-morbid conditions (69.0% vs. 69.7%) were not significantly different. Data by using SGA showed a higher incidence of malnutrition in CAPD patients (45.6%) than in HD patients (36.2%). %IBW (p < 0.001), %TSF (p < 0.001) and %MAC (p < 0.001) were higher in CAPD patients than were in HD patients. But serum albumin (p < 0.001) and transferrin (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in CAPD patients than were in HD patients. A higher incidence of malnutrition was shown in CAPD Patients than in HD Patients due to different dialysis type. A significant finding was that CAPD showed protein deficient malnutrition and HD did calorie deficient malnutrition. It suggests that an adequate dietary intake considering dialysis type prevents a prevalence of malnutrition.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of red ginseng (RG) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced side effects focusing on myelosuppression. Methods: Rats (n = 50) were divided into five groups, nave, control (ip, 5-FU injection of 150 mg/kg), and RG pre-treatment (po, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 5 days before 5-FU injection). On the $7^{th}$ day after 5-FU injection, we evaluated the effects using peripheral hematological parameters, colony-forming assay, cytokine levels and histopathological finding. Results: The peripheral white blood cell and the differential count were dramatically suppressed by 5-FU, while RG (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly improved total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts. Also, RG (100 mg/kg) pre-treatment significantly increased the number of CFU-GM colony compared with the control group. RG pre-treatment also ameliorated the histopathological damage in bone marrow, spleen, stomach and small intestine tissue. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Korean RG has preventive effects against 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal damage.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.337-349
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• 1997

The prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients is closely related to their nutritional status. It is important to develop and use of a reliable, useful and easy method of nutritional assessment scale for evaluation of nutritional status and progression of the patients. This study was initiated to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Instant Nutritional Assessment Scale(INAS) by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. One hundred HD patients entered a continuing nutritional study and followed for 1 year. The results were as follow ; 1. 24% of patients was normal to mild, 43% was moderate and 33% was severe deficit of nutritional status. 2. The mean INAS score of the patients was 8.00(S. D.=2.83), and there didn't reveal any differences in INAS score by general characteristics. The mean transferrin score was 1.98, whih was the highest of 5 nutirtional parameters of INAS. Only 7 patients had within nomal range of transferrin concentration. 3. Within one year since this study was initiated, 10 patients died. Six of them were with severe deficit and one of them was normal to mild deficit groups. The death rate in severe deficit group was higher than that of normal to mild deficit group (P=.0640). 4. Occurrence of acute complication during HD in severe deficit guoup was higher than that of normal to mild deficit group(P=.001). 5. The number of consultation to the doctor and hospital admission in severe deficit group was higher than that of normal to mild deficit group(P=.0001). 6. INAS score was significantly correlated with occurrence of acute complications during HD and the number of consultation to the doctor. In conclusion, INAS based on the levels of body mass index, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, transferrin concentration and total lymphocyte count seems to be a reliable predictive nutritional index for prognosis. So nurses are encouraged to adopt INAS in care of the chronically illed patients. Recommendations for further research was suggested.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to test the effect of a warm environment and Bujaijung-tang on immune and lipid metabolism in rats. Methods : The extract from Bujaijung-tang was made by the pharmacy department of Kyung-Hee oriental medical hospital. The animals were divided into four groups, by room or warm environment and Bujaijung-tang administration. Each group had 8 Sprague-Dawley Rats. We measured body temperature twice a week, body weight three times a week. After 3 weeks of experiment, serum lipid level, WBC, differential count, lymphocyte proliferation and immune cytokine concentration were measured. Results : 1. warm environment induced weight loss in rats. 2. warm environment induced a decrease of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol gain. 3. warm environment and Bujaijung-tang induced an increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ concentration. Conclusions : The warm environment had a hyperlipidemia modulating effect. The warm environment and Bujaijung-tang had an immune modulating effect.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Ginseng saponin on the cadmium which is widely distributed in the environment, results in immune system alteration. For the experiments, 125 mice of ICR strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into 5 groups a control, a cadmium alone treatment group, three Cd and saponin (10, 50, 100 mg/kg) combined treatment groups. The mice were allocated 25 to each group and observed for 8 weeks. The results of experiment are as follows: 1. Body weight growth rates during 8 weeks were as this control group 36.47%, Cd alone group 32.48%, saponin combined treatment group (10, 50, 100 mg/kg) 32.49%, 39.17%, 24.27% respectively. 2. In all groups, the relative weights of liver and kidney were increased, compared with control group. In the case of spleen, saponin combined treatment group (50, 100 mg/kg) was high to the significant level compared with a control group (p<0.05). Thymus was not. 3. On blood lymphocyte count observation, Cd alone treament group has 25.6% less than control group, and saponin combined treatment group have increasing trends. but in thymus and spleen, there was no trends like blood. 4. On antibody titer, there was no difference among groups. 5. On total serum protein, saponin (100 mg/kg) combined treatment group was high to significant level compared with control group (p<0.05), and other treatment groups have increasing trends. 6. Cd accumulation in kidney was higher than in liver, and all treatment groups were high to the very significant level compared with the control group (p<0.05), but there was no difference among groups. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the oral administration of Cd results in alteration of immune system and Ginseng saponin prevents this effect. But, Cd accumulation was not affected by saponin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.512-523
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional status, biochemical parameters, lipid and electrolytes concentrations of the enteral nutrition patients according to the duration of enteral nutrition. Eighteen neurosurgery patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at K University Hospital were subjected in this study. The duration of enteral nutrition was classified into under or over six month of period. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessments were performed. Patients' intakes of energy and protein were insufficient, from 82% to 95% of their requirements. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and mid-am muscle area (MAMA) were significantly lower in patients over six months of enteral nutrition than those in patients under six months. The subjects were malnourished as indicated by nutrition-related parameters such as hemoglobin, albumin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), tricep skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), MAMC, and MAMA. Serum chloride level of the patients eve, six months of enteral nutrition was lower (94.7 $\pm$ 3.4 mmo1/1) significantly as compared to that of patients (99.3 $\pm$ 3.5 mmol/ 1) under six months. Urinary sodium and chloride levels were lower in the longer time of enteral nutrition patients than those of shorter period of enteral nutrition patients (p < .05). While serum phospholipid level was higher in the patients over six months of enteral nutrition, other blood biochemical parameters and electrolyte concentrations did not show any differences with the duration of enteral nutrition. Neurosurgery patients in the ICU undergoing long-term enteral nutrition tube-feeding were malnourished and had a variety of metabolic complications. The duration of enteral nutrition could affect the patients' nutritional status, biochemical parameters, and electrolytes balance. The patients who require nutritional support over an extended time need the continuous follow-up care and monitoring by the nutrition support team for laboratory, clinical, and nutritional assessments.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

The present study surveyed the prevalence of natural infection of the sheep esphagus muscle with sarcocysts of Sarcocystis ovicanis and examined induction of protective immunity using UV-attenuated sporocysts. The overall prevalence of natural infection of the sheep was 95%. Infectivity of the collected sarcocysts was confirmed by shedding of sporulated oocysts after feeding infected esophageal tissues to dogs. To induce protective immunity, lambs were immunized 3 times (once a week) with $1.5{\times}10^4$ sporocysts exposed to UV-light for 30min (UV-30 group) or 60 (UV-60 group) min and then challenged with $1.5{\times}10^4$ normal sporocysts at the 3rd week post the 1st vaccination. These lambs showed high survival and less clinical signs of sarcocystosis than normal infected lambs. The attenuated sporocysts produced abnormal cysts; small in size and detached from the muscle fiber. These abnormalities were more obvious in UV-60 group than UV-30 group. Also, the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level and lymphocyte percentage were increased while the total leukocyte count was decreased in the UV-60 group compared with other groups. The high level of $IFN-{\gamma}$ may be an evidence for the induction of Th1 responses which may have protective effect against a challenge infection.