• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권spc호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2022

In this study, the TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) contamination and microbial ecological characteristics in petroleum-contaminated site were investigated through the correlation among the vertical TPH contamination distribution of the site, the geochemical characteristics, and the indigenous microbial ecology. The high TPH concentration showed in the vicinity of 3~4 m or less which is thought to be affected by vertical movement due to the impervious clay layer. In addition, the TPH concentration was found to have a positive correlation with Fe²⁺, TOC concentration, and the number of petroleum-degrading bacteria, and a negative correlation with the microbial community diversity. The microbial community according to the vertical distribution of TPH showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level were dominant in this study area as a whole, and they competed with each other. In particular, it was confirmed that the difference in the microbial community was different due to the difference in the degree of vertical TPH contamination. In addition, the genera Acidovorax, Leptolinea, Rugoshibacter, and Smithella appeared dominant in the samples in which TPH was detected, which is considered to be the microorganisms involved in the degradation of TPH in this study area. It is expected that this study can be used as an important data to understand the contamination characteristics and biogeochemical and microbial characteristics of these TPH-contaminated sites.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2024

This study aimed to compare the quality of smoked fish products processed with liquid smoke with and without pre-cooking when stored at room temperature (25℃) for 0, 2, 4, and 6 days. The observations included moisture content, water holding capacity, color, and total plate and mold counts. The treated samples were also analyzed for polyhydroxyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at day 0. The study found that the pre-cooked products had a lower moisture content (55.1%) than the control (59.9%) during storage. Additionally, the pre-cooked product had a higher water holding capacity than the control. The TPC value indicates that the pre-cooked product meets the Indonesian standard for smoked fish up to the 2nd day of storage, whereas the control product only meets the standard on day 0. However, the total mold of the control products meets the Indonesian standard until the 2nd day of storage, while the pre-cooked products only meet the standard on day 0. The pre-cooked product had a higher lightness value (L^*) than the control. The analysis of polyhydroxy aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) showed that the pre-cooking process did not affect the concentration of PAH.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2015

Biocatalytic degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soil by hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide is an effective soil remediation method. This study used a laboratory soil reactor experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonspecific biocatalytic reaction with hemoglobin and H₂O₂ for treating TPH-contaminated soil. We also quantified changes in the soil microbial community using real-time PCR analysis during the experimental treatment. The results show that the measured rate constant for the reaction with added hemoglobin was 0.051/day, about 3.5 times higher than the constant for the reaction with only H₂O₂ (0.014/day). After four weeks of treatment, 76% of the initial soil TPH concentration was removed with hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide treatment. The removal of initial soil TPH concentration was 26% when only hydrogen peroxide was used. The soil microbial community, based on 16S rRNA gene copy number, was higher (7.1 × 10⁶ copy number/g of bacteria, and 7.4 × 10⁵ copy number/g of Archaea, respectively) in the hemoglobin catalyzed treatment. Our results show that TPH treatment in contaminated soil using hemoglobin catalyzed oxidation led to the enhanced removal effectiveness and was non-toxic to the native soil microbial community in the initial soil.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2003

디젤유로 오염된 토양으로부터 분리한 디젤 분해 우수 균주를 HS 균주로 명명하고, 각 균주의 디젤유 분해능과 특성을 조사하였다. 분리된 HS균주의 동정결과 HSI 균주는 Acinetobacter sp. HS2, HS3 균주는Pseudomonas sp.로 동정되었다. 최소배지에서 디젤유2%, pH 7.0,$25^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 200 rpm의 조건으로 5일간 배양한 결과 HSI 균주는 88% 이상의 높은 분해효율을 나타내었다. 소수성과 유화능의 측정 결과 HSI 균주가 가장 높은 소수성을 나타내었고, 유화능은 HS3 균주가 가장 높게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 토대로 액체 배양시 분해효율이 가장 높은 HSI 균주를 선택하여 토양배양을 실시한 결과 30일이 경과된 후 80%이상의 디젤유 분해효율을 나타내었고, 디젤유 분해효율은 미생물 활성과 비례하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 신규 분리된 디젤유 분해균주는 높은 디젤유 분해능과 토양 생존능으로 실제 유류오염 환경에 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2011

To measure the traffic pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions, a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) was designed. The equipment of the mini-van provides gas phase measurements of CO, NOx, $CO_2$, THC (Total hydrocarbon) and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and a condensation particle counter (CPC). The inlet sampling port above the bumper enables the chasing of different type of vehicles. This paper introduces the technical details of the MEL and presents data from the car chasing experiment of diesel bus equipped with aftertreatment system. The dilution ratio was calculated by the ratio of ambient NOx and tail-pipe NOx. Most particles from the diesel bus were counted under 300 nm and the peak concentration of the particles was located between 30 and 60 nm. The total PM number emission from diesel bus equipped with DPF was 10 orders of magnitude lower compared to those emitted from base diesel bus. And the total PM number emission from diesel bus equipped with SCR was comparable to the particle emission from base diesel bus.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.54-72
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• 2018

This study reviewed standard operation procedures for fractionation and analytical methods of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in north america and european countries to aid proper establishment of risk assessment protocols associated with TPH exposure in Korea. In current, the TPH fraction methods established by Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) are most frequently employed worldwide. Both methods were developed on the basis of direct exposure of TPH from soil, although the method by TPHCWG also took into account the mobility of TPH. Volatile and extractable fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed either separately or together. TPH fractionation methods were evaluated based on conservative toxicity values considering the uncertainty of risk assessment in light of current standard protocol for analyzing soil contaminants in Korea, and it was concluded that the method developed by MassDEP is more appropriate.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.157-181
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• 2020

하천, 호소 및 해양항만의 퇴적물은 수계로 배출된 오염물질의 종착점이면서 동시에 지속적으로 오염물질을 수계로 배출하는 오염원(source)으로 작용한다. 지금까지 오염퇴적물은 육상매립 또는 해양투기해왔던 것이 현실이었다. 하지만 육상매립은 고 비용, 해양투기는 런던협약으로 인해 전면 금지되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대상부지인 왕궁축산단지의 오염퇴적토를 대상으로 토양정화방법을 적용하여 연구하였다. 토양정화방법은 해외 적용사례와 국내 처리 가능한 적용기술을 선별하여 전처리, 퇴비화, 토양세척, 동전기, 열탈착을 적용하였다. 오염특성파악을 위한 대상 부지 조사결과 수질은 용존산소(Disolved Oxigen, DO), 부유물질(Suspended Solid, SS), 화학적산소요구량(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD), 총질소(Total Nitrogen, TN), 총인(Total Phosphorus, TP) 이 방류수 수질기준을 초과하였고 특히 SS, COD, TN, TP는 기준을 수십 배에서 수백 배 초과하였다. 토양은 돼지사료의 성장을 촉진하는 구리, 아연의 농도가 높게 나타났으며, 카드뮴이 토양환경보전법 기준치 1지역을 상회하였다. 전처리기술은 하이드로사이클론을 활용하여 입도분리를 실시하였으며, 미세토양이 80% 이상 분리되어 선별효율이 높게 나타났다. 퇴비화는 유기물 및 석유계 총 탄화수소(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, TPH) 오염토양을 대상으로 실시하였으며, TPH는 우려기준 이내로 처리되었고, 유기물의 경우 대장균이 높게 분석되어 70℃에서 퇴비화 최적조건을 적용하여 비료규격을 만족하였으나 비료규격에 비하여는 유기물함량이 낮게 분석되었다. 토양세척은 연속추출시험결과 Cd는 미세토에서 5단계인 잔류성(Residual)물질이 확연하게 존재하였고 Cu 및 Zn은 오염분리가 쉬운 이온교환성(1단계), 탄산염(2단계), 철/망간산화물(3단계)의 함량이 대부분을 차지했다. 산용출과 다단세척을 단계별로 적용결과 염산, 1.0M, 1:3, 200rpm, 60min이 최적 세척인자로 분석되었으며 다단세척실험결과 오염 퇴적토는 대부분 1단에서 토양환경보전법 우려기준을 만족하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 적용성 시험결과 중금속오염이 높은 오염토는 전처리 후 토양세척을 적용하여 처리토를 골재로 활용하고, 유기물 및 유류 오염토는 퇴비화를 적용하여 오염물질과 대장균을 사멸한 후 부숙토로 사용하는 것이 효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the coke oven emissions (COE) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon levels in coke manu-facturing industry, secondary lead smelting industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry. 1. There were no significant difference between the means of personal samples and area samples by the types of industry(p>0.05). The levels of airborne total particulates of the secondary lead smelting industry was the highest($2.30mg/m^3$), and those of the coke manu-facturing industry and glass bottle manu facturing industry were $1.95mg/m^3$ and $1.37mg/m^3$. The concentration of COE was the highest in the glass bottle manufacturing industry($0.79mg/m^3$), and in order of $0.19mg/m^3$ in the coke manufacturing industry and $0.06mg/m^3$ in the secondary lead smelting industry. COE/total particulates(%) was highest in the glass bottle manufacturing industry(58.1%) and in order of 10.3% in the coke manufacturing industry and 3.1% in secondary lead smelting industry. There were significant differences in the total particle concentration and COE by the types of industry(p<0.05). 2. The levels of airborne total particulates was the highest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry($2.30{\pm}0.72mg/m^3$), and the lowest at the smelting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry ($0.99{\pm}1.22mg/m^3$) Concentration of COE was the highest at the casting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry ($1.09{\pm}1.15mg/m^3$), the lowest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry ($0.06{\pm}0.03mg/m^3$). The COE/total particulates(%) was the highest at the casting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry($65.9{\pm}20.5%$), and the lowest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting indusry($3.1{\pm}2.7%$). 3. There were positive correlations between level of The airborne total particulates and concentration of COE in coke manufacturing industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry (p<0.05), but negative correlation in secondary lead smelting industry. 4. The numbers of case and rates that over the Threshold Limit Values(TLVs) were 24 (77.4%)cases in glass bottle manufacture, 14(23.7%) cases in the coke manufacturing industry and no one case in secondary lead smelting industry. Total numbers of case and rates that over TLVs were 38( 35.5%) cases. 5. The limit of detection(LOD) for PAH was $10{\mu}g/ml$ in standard sample. All PAH levels of the cokes manufacturing industry and the secondary lead smelting industry and the glass bottle manufacturing industry were trace or not to detect.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 1986

우리나라 연안에 서식하고 있는 패류중에서 이매 견인 굴, 피조개 및 진주담치를 시료로 하여 지질조성을 비교, 검토하였다. 각시료의 총지질의 함량은 굴이 $3.5\%$, 피조개는 $1.4\%$, 진주담치는 $1.0\%$로 나타났으며, 중성지질함량은 $60.5{\sim}76.3\%$, 당지질은 $1.2{\sim}4.2\%$ 그리고 인지질은 $10.2{\sim}32.2\%$를 차지하였다. 총지질의 주요지방산은 palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid가 주성분이었고 이외에도 굴에는 docosahexaenoic acid가, 피조개와 진주담치에는 palmitic acid의 함량이 많았다. 중성지질을 구성하는 지질성분은 free sterol, 유리지방산, triglyceride, hydrocarbon & esterified sterol등이었으며, 이 가운데 triglyceride의의 함량이 가장 많았고($55.6{\sim}77.7\%$), 그 다음으로 hydrocarbon & esterified sterol, free sterol 함량이 각각 $5.7{\sim}18.8\%$ 및 $7.4{\sim}12.2\%$로서 비교적 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 중성지질의 지방산조성을 보면, 굴에서는 palmitic acid($27.8\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($14.7\%$) 및 oleic acid($10.73\%$)가, 피조게에서는 palmitic acid($36.65\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($21.9\%$) 및 palmitoleic acid($14.52\%$)가 주요지방산이었고, 진주담치에는 palmitic acid($36.65\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($16.9\%$) 및 palmitoleic acid($12.3\%$)가 주성분이었다. 당지질의 지방산조성을 보면, 굴에는 docosahexaenoic acid가 $45.51\%$로서 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 palmitic acid ($9.71\%$), eicosaenoic acid($8.77\%$)의 순으로 나타났으며, 피조개에는 palmitic acid($17.63\%$), myristic acid($21.8\%$) 및 palmitoleic acid($11.1\%$)가 주성분이었고, 진주담치에는 docosahexaenoic acid($27.33\%$), linolenic acid($13.7\%$) 및 palmitic acid($10.6\%$)가 주요지방산이었다. 굴의 인지질의 구성하는 주요지방산은 palmitic acid($34.73\%$), docosahexaenoic acid($15.24\%$) 및 eicosapentaenoic acid($13.57\%$)였고, 피조개에서는 palmitic acid($29.44\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($14.4\%$) 및 erucic acid($11.84\%$)가 주요지방산이었다. 그리고 진주담치에서는 palmitic acid가 $23.9\%$, eicosapentaenoic acid가 $10.9\%$, linoleic acid가 $7.92\%$를 차지하여 주성분을 이루고 있었다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Glass beads (GBs) were modified via plasma polymerization coatings in order to enhance the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke and activated carbons (ACs) were also utilized for comparative purposes. First, GBs and ACs were subjected to surface modification via plasma polymerization coating of acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, 1,3-diaminopropane, thiophene or dimethylphosphite with a RF plasma (13.56 MHz) generator. Next, their adsorption behavior was evaluated with a home-made 4-port smoking machine by collecting the total particulate matters (TPMs) on a Cambridge filter pad, followed by the separation of PAHs via solid phase extraction and analysis with GC/MS. Finally, the plasma polymerization coatings were analyzed by FT-IR/ATR to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, while the topology of the modified GBs and ACs were studied by FE-SEM.