• Title/Summary/Keyword: Total estimation

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A Study on the Improvement Scheme of the Total Water Pollution Load Management Plan (수질오염총량관리 계획수립의 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Il;Yi, Sang-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.977-981
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    • 2006
  • In order to improve water quality in drinking water sources, Ministry of Environment (MOE) was implemented total water pollution load management (TWPLM) in all the major river basins. From the experience of the application of TWPLM, we could find some problems relating the target watershed, standard operating procedure (SOP) of establishment and implementation plan, water quality and flow rate, design flow, water quality model, margin of safety (MOS), and estimation of wasteload were found. The authors were reviewed ongoing TWPLM and presented the improvement schemes for a successful TWPLM. For the application of these suggestions, further detailed studies should be done to implement TWPLM in the future.

Experimental and numerical approaches for AC loss estimation in high $T_{c}$ superconductors

  • Amemiya, Naoyuki
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2004
  • It is important to estimate the total AC loss which is the total energy, or power, dissipated in the superconductor in the simultaneous application of AC transport current and an AC external magnetic field. Experimental and numerical works on AC loss estimation of high $T_c$ superconductors in the author's group are reviewed. The method and the set-up for total AC loss measurements are described. The experimental results for a twisted Bi-2223 multifilamentary tape and a Y-123 mm conductor are given. A general theory for numerical electromagnetic field analysis of superconductor by the finite element method is explained. The numerical results for twisted Bi-2223 multifilamentary tapes and a rectangular superconductor simulating coated conductors are presented.

Estimation of Total Precipitable Water in East Asia Using the MODIS Satellite Data

  • Park, Seon-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.19 no.E4
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2003
  • In this study. the amounts of the total precipitable water (TPW) in both global and regional scale are estimated from the MODIS instrument, which is on-board the EOS satellites, Terra and Aqua. The estimation is made from the five near-infrared spectral bands, using a technique employing ratios of water- vapor absorbing channels centered at 0.905, 0.936, 0.940 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with atmospheric window channels at 0.865 and 1.240 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Through analyses of monthly and eight-days mean TPW, one can monitor characteristics of seasonal variations as well as amount and distribution (i.e., water resources) of TPW at both global and local regions. Long-term monitoring of TPW is essential to understand the regional variations of water resources in East Asia.

A Study on Evacuation of Patients in Hospitals : Part II (병원 피난에 관한 연구 : Part II)

  • Kim Eung-Sik;Lee Jeong-Su;Park Seong-Min;You Hee-Kwon
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.19 no.3 s.59
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    • pp.28-36
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    • 2005
  • The goal of this study is establishment of egress parameters and algorithm for estimation of total egress time in hospitals. Therefore, egress parameters should be measured and analyzed via the experiment at many hospitals. In this study, 4 general hospitals were experimented and egress parameters were measured, the comparison between experimental results and estimated total egress time were carried out. The algorithm for estimation of total egress time can be applied to other hospitals.

A Study on the Total Drag Estimation for the Aircraft Conceptual Design (항공기 개념설계를 위한 전체항력 예측에 관한 연구)

  • 김상진;전권수;이재우
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.70-82
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    • 1999
  • During the aircraft conceptual design stage, rapid aerodynamic analyses over various configurations are required. Hence, empirical and analytical methods play important roles in predicting the aero-dynamic characteristics. In this study, total drag estimation method based on empirical and analytical approaches is developed. By comparing with the results of the wind tunnel experiment and existing prediction methods, it is demonstrated that the developed method is accurate and useful in predicting total drag for the whole Mach number range.

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A Windowed-Total-Variation Regularization Constraint Model for Blind Image Restoration

  • Liu, Ganghua;Tian, Wei;Luo, Yushun;Zou, Juncheng;Tang, Shu
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.48-58
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    • 2022
  • Blind restoration for motion-blurred images is always the research hotspot, and the key for the blind restoration is the accurate blur kernel (BK) estimation. Therefore, to achieve high-quality blind image restoration, this thesis presents a novel windowed-total-variation method. The proposed method is based on the spatial scale of edges but not amplitude, and the proposed method thus can extract useful image edges for accurate BK estimation, and then recover high-quality clear images. A large number of experiments prove the superiority.

An Analysis of Long-Term Bed Elevation Changes to Estimate Total Scour Depth at Bridge Site (교량에서의 총세굴깊이 산정을 위한 장기하상변동분석)

  • Lee, Jae-Su
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.721-729
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    • 1997
  • Total scour depth at a bridge is comprised of three components: long-term changes, contraction scour and local scour. Therefore, the analysis of long-term bed elevation changes is very important in the estimation of total scour depth at bridge sites. In this research, long-term bed elevation changes at the Namhan River Bridge are analysed using CHARIMA and HEC-6 models. The results show that, for 5-year steady normal stream flow, the bed elevation is aggreded by 45cm for CHARIMA model but degraded by 5cm for HEC-6 model. For 5-year unsteady flow, the bed elevation is changed greatly and it has a great influence on the estimation of total scour depth. Therefore, to make a proper estimation of total scour depth, not only contraction scour and local scour, but also long-term bed elevation changes should be estimated precisely.

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A Study on the Crops Pollution with Heavy Metal (농작물중(農作物中) 중금속오염도(重金屬汚染度)와 1일섭취량(日攝取量) 및 허용기준설정(許容基準設定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Yum, Yong-Tae;Bae, Eun-Sang;Yun, Bae-Joung
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 1980
  • Certain heavy metals which may lead peoples to poisonous status are widely used in industry and their uses have been increasing along with rapid industrialization of this country. Such an increasement of metal uses aggravates the status of environmental pollution affecting foodstuffs which are the most important life supporting factor of animal and humanbeing. Concerning the safety measures to minimize food-borne transmission of such hazardous metals, surveillance is the backbone of them and probably more so with a potential problem such as intoxication. Theoretically, this surveillance should include the determination of levels of heavy metal toxicants in foods, the determination of food consumption patterns and typical total diet, and the estimation of total load of the metal contaminant from all sources of exposure including air, water, and occupational sources. In recent year, actually, such estimates on the total daily intake of some heavy metals from foods have been made in several developed countries and a wide variation of date by season, locality, and research method was recognized. Also in this country, this kind of research data is vitally needed to make up for the serious shortage or lack of references to estimate the total amount of heavy metal intake of the people. In this study, a modification model for estimation of the total daily intake of cadmium copper, nickel, zinc, and lead through foods was applied and concentrations of the above metals in crops cultivated in this country were measured with atomic absorption spectro photometer to get the following results. 1. Level of heavy metal concentration in crops Generally, the levels of such metals in essential crops such as rice, cucumber, radish. chinese cabbage, apple, pear, grape, and orange are similar or lower than those in Japan and other developed countries. By the way, a striking result on cadmium concentration was increasement of its concentration in rice from $0{\sim}0.035ppm$ in 1970 to 0.11ppm in this study. However, the value is still far below the. Japanese Permissible Lebel of 1.0ppm. 2. Estimation of total daily intake per capita from foods A new model for estimation was devised utilizing levels of metal concentration in foods, amount of food consumed, and other food factors. Based on the above method, the daily intake of cadmium was estimated to be $70.53{\mu}g/man/day$ in average which was as high as the Limit Value of ILO/WHO(up to $71.4{\mu}g/man/day$). Also, 3.89mg of Zinc, 1.65mg of cuppor, 0.32mg of lead were given as the total daily intake per capita by this research. 3. Efficacy of washing or skinning to decrease the amount of metals in crops After washing the crops sufficiently with commercial linear alkylate sulfonate, the concentration of heavy metals could be reduced to $50{\sim}80%$ showing decreasement rate of $20{\sim}50%$. Also, after skinning the fruits, decreasement rate of the heavy metal concentration shelved $0{\sim}50%$.

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An Estimation of Social Welfare Resources in Korea (우리나라 사회복지 자원총량 추계에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyo-Seong;Kim, Jong-Gun;An, Hyun-Mi;Kim, Seong-Wook
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.319-346
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    • 2007
  • The main purpose of this research is to figure out systematically the total amount of social welfare resources in Korea. For the stated purpose, this research (1) defines the concept of social welfare resource, (2) develops basic framework for measuring total amount of resources, (3) estimates total amount of social welfare resources based on the year of 2004, and (4) presents some implications of findings. Social welfare resource is defined as any valuable things, material or immaterial, that one can put into instrumental use in order to meet social needs or to resolve problems in the interaction process between human and the environment. Institutional sectors of social welfare resource consist the following 5 major areas derived from resource providers: The government, enterprise, market, the third sector (religion & welfare institutions, fundraising agencies, and NPOs), and community (families, relatives, and neighborhoods). For the estimation of the total amount of social welfare resources, this research takes advantages of both the major methods of provider centered approach and the intermediary agent centered approach. Based on the compromised method estimation, the total amount of social welfare resources in Korea in the year of 2004 is 147 trillion won (approximately, 148 billion dollars and 19% of GDP). Among them, central and local governments provide 52 trillion won. The private sector expends a total of 109 trillion won, which contains 44 trillion from enterprise, 54.3 trillion from market, 3.0 trillion from the third sector, and 8.3 trillion from the community. The enterprise and market share of welfare resources exceeds 66% of the total expenditure, and the market is expected to increase gradually in the near future.

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A Software Maintenance Cost Estimation Model based on Real Maintenance Efforts (투입노력 양에 기반한 소프트웨어 유지보수 비용산정 모형)

  • Jeong, Eun-Joo;Yoo, Cheon-Soo
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.181-196
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    • 2012
  • The cost of software maintenance occupies about two thirds in the software lifecycle. However, it is not easy to estimate the cost of software maintenance because of various viewpoints about software maintenance, unclear estimation methods, and complex procedures. Until now, the cost estimation model has used compensation factors for software characteristic and environment on the basis of program size. Especially, most of existing models use maintenance rate of total software cost as a main variable. This paper suggests the software maintenance cost estimation model that uses the result of calculating real maintenance efforts. In this paper, we classify functional maintenance and non-functional maintenance as software maintenance activity type. For functional maintenance, present function point of target software is needed to evaluate. The suggested maintenance cost evaluation model is applied to a software case in public sector. This paper discusses some differences between our model and other modes.