• 제목/요약/키워드: Total estimation

검색결과 2,461건 처리시간 0.035초

A Method to Estimate the Burnup Using Initial Enrichment, Cooling Time, Total Neutron Source Intensity and Gamma Source Activities in Spent Fuels

  • Sohee Cha;Kwangheon Park;Mun-Oh Kim;Jae-Hun Ko;Jin-Hyun Sung
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.303-313
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    • 2023
  • Spent fuels (SFs) are stored in a storage pool after discharge from nuclear power plants. They can be transferred to for the further processes such as dry storage sites, processing plants, or disposal sites. One of important measures of SF is the burnup. Since the radioactivity of SF is strongly dependent on its burnup, the burnup of SF should be well estimated for the safe management, storage, and final disposal. Published papers about the methodology for the burnup estimation from the known activities of important radioactive sources are somewhat rare. In this study, we analyzed the dependency of the burnup on the important radiation source activities using ORIGEN-ARP, and suggested simple correlations that relate the burnup and the important source activities directly. A burnup estimation equation is suggested for PWR fuels relating burnup with total neutron source intensity (TNSI), initial enrichment, and cooling time. And three burnup estimation equations for major gamma sources, 137Cs, 134Cs, and 154Eu are also suggested.

수질오염총량관리 계획수립의 개선방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Improvement Scheme of the Total Water Pollution Load Management Plan)

  • 김영일;이상진
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.977-981
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    • 2006
  • In order to improve water quality in drinking water sources, Ministry of Environment (MOE) was implemented total water pollution load management (TWPLM) in all the major river basins. From the experience of the application of TWPLM, we could find some problems relating the target watershed, standard operating procedure (SOP) of establishment and implementation plan, water quality and flow rate, design flow, water quality model, margin of safety (MOS), and estimation of wasteload were found. The authors were reviewed ongoing TWPLM and presented the improvement schemes for a successful TWPLM. For the application of these suggestions, further detailed studies should be done to implement TWPLM in the future.

Experimental and numerical approaches for AC loss estimation in high $T_{c}$ superconductors

  • Amemiya, Naoyuki
    • 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2004
  • It is important to estimate the total AC loss which is the total energy, or power, dissipated in the superconductor in the simultaneous application of AC transport current and an AC external magnetic field. Experimental and numerical works on AC loss estimation of high $T_c$ superconductors in the author's group are reviewed. The method and the set-up for total AC loss measurements are described. The experimental results for a twisted Bi-2223 multifilamentary tape and a Y-123 mm conductor are given. A general theory for numerical electromagnetic field analysis of superconductor by the finite element method is explained. The numerical results for twisted Bi-2223 multifilamentary tapes and a rectangular superconductor simulating coated conductors are presented.

Estimation of Total Precipitable Water in East Asia Using the MODIS Satellite Data

  • Park, Seon-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제19권E4호
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2003
  • In this study. the amounts of the total precipitable water (TPW) in both global and regional scale are estimated from the MODIS instrument, which is on-board the EOS satellites, Terra and Aqua. The estimation is made from the five near-infrared spectral bands, using a technique employing ratios of water- vapor absorbing channels centered at 0.905, 0.936, 0.940 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with atmospheric window channels at 0.865 and 1.240 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Through analyses of monthly and eight-days mean TPW, one can monitor characteristics of seasonal variations as well as amount and distribution (i.e., water resources) of TPW at both global and local regions. Long-term monitoring of TPW is essential to understand the regional variations of water resources in East Asia.

병원 피난에 관한 연구 : Part II (A Study on Evacuation of Patients in Hospitals : Part II)

  • 김응식;이정수;박성민;유희권
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.28-36
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 병원 피난 시간 평가를 위하여 변수를 확립하고 이를 측정하였으며 얻어진 데이터를 사용하여 종합병원의 병동 별 피난시간을 예측할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 제시된 알고리즘은 다른 병원에도 적용이 용이하게 하였다. 이를 위하여 4개의 종합병원에 협조를 구하여 피난 실험을 함으로써 병원이라는 특수한 환경 하에서 피난에 영향을 미치는 변수를 산정하고 이를 측정하였으며 나아가 전체 피난시간을 평가할 수 있는 알고리즘을 확립하였다.

항공기 개념설계를 위한 전체항력 예측에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Total Drag Estimation for the Aircraft Conceptual Design)

  • 김상진;전권수;이재우
    • 한국군사과학기술학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.70-82
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    • 1999
  • During the aircraft conceptual design stage, rapid aerodynamic analyses over various configurations are required. Hence, empirical and analytical methods play important roles in predicting the aero-dynamic characteristics. In this study, total drag estimation method based on empirical and analytical approaches is developed. By comparing with the results of the wind tunnel experiment and existing prediction methods, it is demonstrated that the developed method is accurate and useful in predicting total drag for the whole Mach number range.

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A Windowed-Total-Variation Regularization Constraint Model for Blind Image Restoration

  • Liu, Ganghua;Tian, Wei;Luo, Yushun;Zou, Juncheng;Tang, Shu
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.48-58
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    • 2022
  • Blind restoration for motion-blurred images is always the research hotspot, and the key for the blind restoration is the accurate blur kernel (BK) estimation. Therefore, to achieve high-quality blind image restoration, this thesis presents a novel windowed-total-variation method. The proposed method is based on the spatial scale of edges but not amplitude, and the proposed method thus can extract useful image edges for accurate BK estimation, and then recover high-quality clear images. A large number of experiments prove the superiority.

교량에서의 총세굴깊이 산정을 위한 장기하상변동분석 (An Analysis of Long-Term Bed Elevation Changes to Estimate Total Scour Depth at Bridge Site)

  • 이재수
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.721-729
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    • 1997
  • 교량지점에서의 총세굴깊이는 세가지 성분 즉, 장기하상변동, 단면축소세굴, 그리고 국부세굴로 구성된다. 그러므로 장기하상변도의 분석은 교량지점에서의 총세굴깊이를 산정하는데 있어 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CHARIMA모형과 HEC-6모형을 사용하여 남한강교 지점에서의 장기하상변동을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 5년 동안 정상류로 물이 흐를 경우 CHARIMA모형은 약 45cm의 하상고의 상승을 보여준 반면 HEC-6모형은 약 5cm정도 하상고가 저하되고 있음을 보여주었다. 5년 동안 부정류로 물이 흐를 경우 두 모형 모두 하상고가 심하게 변동됨을 보여주고 따라서 총세굴깊이 산정에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러므로 총세굴깊이를 적절하게 산정하기 위해서는 단면축소세굴과 국부세굴뿐만 아니라 장기하상변동 또한 정확히 산정해야 하겠다.

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농작물중(農作物中) 중금속오염도(重金屬汚染度)와 1일섭취량(日攝取量) 및 허용기준설정(許容基準設定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Crops Pollution with Heavy Metal)

  • 염용태;배은상;윤배중
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 1980
  • Certain heavy metals which may lead peoples to poisonous status are widely used in industry and their uses have been increasing along with rapid industrialization of this country. Such an increasement of metal uses aggravates the status of environmental pollution affecting foodstuffs which are the most important life supporting factor of animal and humanbeing. Concerning the safety measures to minimize food-borne transmission of such hazardous metals, surveillance is the backbone of them and probably more so with a potential problem such as intoxication. Theoretically, this surveillance should include the determination of levels of heavy metal toxicants in foods, the determination of food consumption patterns and typical total diet, and the estimation of total load of the metal contaminant from all sources of exposure including air, water, and occupational sources. In recent year, actually, such estimates on the total daily intake of some heavy metals from foods have been made in several developed countries and a wide variation of date by season, locality, and research method was recognized. Also in this country, this kind of research data is vitally needed to make up for the serious shortage or lack of references to estimate the total amount of heavy metal intake of the people. In this study, a modification model for estimation of the total daily intake of cadmium copper, nickel, zinc, and lead through foods was applied and concentrations of the above metals in crops cultivated in this country were measured with atomic absorption spectro photometer to get the following results. 1. Level of heavy metal concentration in crops Generally, the levels of such metals in essential crops such as rice, cucumber, radish. chinese cabbage, apple, pear, grape, and orange are similar or lower than those in Japan and other developed countries. By the way, a striking result on cadmium concentration was increasement of its concentration in rice from $0{\sim}0.035ppm$ in 1970 to 0.11ppm in this study. However, the value is still far below the. Japanese Permissible Lebel of 1.0ppm. 2. Estimation of total daily intake per capita from foods A new model for estimation was devised utilizing levels of metal concentration in foods, amount of food consumed, and other food factors. Based on the above method, the daily intake of cadmium was estimated to be $70.53{\mu}g/man/day$ in average which was as high as the Limit Value of ILO/WHO(up to $71.4{\mu}g/man/day$). Also, 3.89mg of Zinc, 1.65mg of cuppor, 0.32mg of lead were given as the total daily intake per capita by this research. 3. Efficacy of washing or skinning to decrease the amount of metals in crops After washing the crops sufficiently with commercial linear alkylate sulfonate, the concentration of heavy metals could be reduced to $50{\sim}80%$ showing decreasement rate of $20{\sim}50%$. Also, after skinning the fruits, decreasement rate of the heavy metal concentration shelved $0{\sim}50%$.

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우리나라 사회복지 자원총량 추계에 관한 연구 (An Estimation of Social Welfare Resources in Korea)

  • 김교성;김종건;안현미;김성욱
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제59권4호
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    • pp.319-346
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 한국의 사회복지자원의 총량을 체계적으로 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 사회복지자원의 개념을 정의하고, 자원의 총량을 측정하는 기본틀을 마련하였으며, 그에 기초하여 2004년의 사회복지자원총량을 추계하였다. 또한 사회복지자원의 공급주체를 정부, 기업, 시장, 제3섹터, 그리고 공동체의 5대 제도영역으로 구분하였고, 총량추계를 위해 공급자중심법과 연결매체중심법을 절충한 방법을 사용하였다. 추계 결과 2004년 한국 사회복지 자원총량은 총 147조원(약 148억달러, GDP대비 19%)로 조사되었다. 이 중 중앙과 지방정부에 의해 공급된 자원은 52조원이며, 민간영역은 총 109조원을 지출한 것으로 추계되었다. 민간영역의 자원총량을 보다 구체적으로 살펴보면, 기업이 44조원, 시장이 54.3조원, 제3섹터가 3조원, 공동체가 8.3조원이다. 우리나라 기업과 시장은 사회복지 총 지출의 66%를 상회하는 자원을 공유하고 있으며, 시장의 사회복지자원은 점진적으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다.

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