• 제목/요약/키워드: Total culturable bacteria

검색결과 30건 처리시간 0.026초

배양가능한 피부세균의 분리 및 동정 (Isolation and identification of culturable bacteria from human skin)

  • 배영민
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.1698-1705
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    • 2020
  • 나이가 20-25세인 남녀 성인들 20명(남성 5명, 여성 15명)의 엄지손가락 표면에 상재하는 세균을 채취하고 Luria-Bertani agar에서 배양하였다. 배양된 세균들의 16S rDNA를 polymerase chain reaction을 통하여 증폭하고, 그 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 염기서열을 genbank의 자료들과 비교하여 세균들을 동정한 결과, 총 14종의 세균들이 확인되었다. 개인별로는 평균 2.5종의 배양 가능한 세균들을 손의 피부에 보유하는 것으로 확인되었다. 확인된 세균 중에서는 Staphylococcus 종들이 가장 널리 존재하고 있었으며, 다음으로는 Micrococcus luteus이었다. Staphylococcus 종들의 경우에는 그 분포에 있어서 성별에 따른 차이가 적었으나, Micrococcus luteus의 경우에는 남자보다 여자에게서 훨씬 더 많이 분리되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 피부 질환에 대한 연구, 피부질환에 대한 치료제 개발, 피부에 사용하는 화장품개발 등의 분야에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Genomic DNA Extracted from Ancient Antarctic Glacier Ice for Molecular Analyses on the Indigenous Microbial Communities

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Bidle, Kay;Falkowski, Paul;Marchant, David
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.205-214
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    • 2005
  • From ancient Antarctic glacier ice, we extracted total genomic DNA that was suitable for prokaryotic 16S rDNA gene cloning and sequencing, and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and end-sequencing. The ice samples were from the Dry Valley region. Age dating by $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ analysis on the volcanic ashes deposited in situ indicated the ice samples are minimum 100,000-300,000 yr (sample DLE) and 8 million years (sample EME) old. Further assay proved the ice survived freeze-thaw cycles or other re-working processes. EME, which was from a small lobe of the basal Taylor glacier, is the oldest known ice on Earth. Microorganisms, preserved frozen in glacier ice and isolated from the rest of the world over a geological time scale, can provide valuable data or insight for the diversity, distribution, survival strategy, and evolutionary relationships to the extant relatives. From the 16S gene cloning study, we detected no PCR amplicons with Archaea-specific primers, however we found many phylotypes belonging to Bacteria divisions, such as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria $({\alpha},\;{\beta},\;and\;{\gamma})$, Firmicutes, and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroid$. BAC cloning and sequencing revealed protein codings highly identical to phenylacetic acid degradation protein paaA, chromosome segregation ATPases, or cold shock protein B of present day bacteria. Throughput sequencing of the BAC clones is underway. Viable and culturable cells were recovered from the DLE sample, and characterized by their 16S rDNA sequences. Further investigation on the survivorship and functional genes from the past should help unveil the evolution of life on Earth, or elsewhere, if any.

A Waterborne Outbreak and Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Drinking Water of an Older High-Rise Apartment Complex in Seoul

  • Cho, Eun-Joo;Yang, Jin-Young;Lee, Eun-Sook;Kim, Se-Chul;Cha, So-Yang;Kim, Sung-Tek;Lee, Man-Ho;Han, Sun-Hee;Park, Young-Sang
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.461-466
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    • 2013
  • From May to June 2012, a waterborne outbreak of 124 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred in the plumbing system of an older high-rise apartment complex in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The residents of this apartment complex had symptoms of watery diarrhea and vomiting. Tap water samples in the apartment complex and its adjacent buildings were collected and tested for 57 parameters under the Korean Drinking Water Standards and for additional 11 microbiological parameters. The microbiological parameters included total colony counts, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus, fecal streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, total culturable virus, and Norovirus. While the tap water samples of the adjacent buildings complied with the Korean Drinking Water Standards for all parameters, fecal bacteria and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the tap water samples of the outbreak apartment complex. It turned out that the agent of the disease was Cryptosporidium parvum. The drinking water was polluted with sewage from a septic tank in the apartment complex. To remove C. parvum oocysts, we conducted physical processes of cleaning the water storage tanks, flushing the indoor pipes, and replacing old pipes with new ones. Finally we restored the clean drinking water to the apartment complex after identification of no oocysts.

대학 구내식당 식품위생환경의 세균오염도 조사연구 (A Study on Bacterial Contamination of Cooking Environments of Food Service Operations at University)

  • 박성준;윤현선;이수진;양민지;권보미;이정훈;고광표
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.88-97
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of microbiological contamination of kitchen utensils and environments of food service operations at university located in Seoul, Korea. Methods: We collected swab samples from the surfaces of knives, chopping boards, floors, and drains, as well as drinking water and airborne bacteria samples from 20 food service operations. Three bacterial indicators and five food poisoning bacteria were measured quantitatively and qualitatively, respectively. We used selective culture media and the PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA gene for the microbiological analysis. Results: We detected bacterial indicators on knives or chopping boards in eight different food service operations and, three food service operations (I, M, and O) showed more than 3 log colony forming units $(CFU)/100cm^2$ on their knives, significantly higher than the others. The levels of bacterial indicators on the floors and drains in the cooking areas were much higher than those on the cooking utensils. S. aureus was detected on 10 floors and 8 drains. Culturable bacteria were identified in 5 drinking water samples, and food service operation B ($431.1CFU/m^3$) and C ($551.2CFU/m^3$) showed more than $400CFU/m^3$ of total airborne bacteria. Conclusions: These results suggest that some of food service operations in this study may require additional investigation to secure the microbial safety of cooking environments. In addition, further actions including hygiene education for employees and proper guidelines to maintain clean cooking environments should be prepared.

FISH법을 이용한 정수처리장 내 생물활성탄 공정의 세균군집 구조 분석 (Analysis of Bacterial Community Structure of Biological Activated Carbon Process in Drinking Water Treatment Plant Using FISH)

  • 손형식;김미아;정성윤;김영훈;손희종;박근태;김민주;유은연;이상준
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.555-564
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    • 2008
  • The bacterial community structure in biological activated carbon (BAC) process in drinking water treatment plant was investigated by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe. Samples were collected at different three points in BAC process every month for one year. They were hybridized with a probe specific for the alpha, beta, gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacteria group and Gram-positive high G+C content (HGC) group. Total numbers of bacteria in BAC process counted by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were $5.4{\times}10^{10}$ (top), $4.0{\times}10^{10}$ (middle) and $2.8{\times}10^{10}$ cells/ml (bottom). The number of the culturable bacteria was from $1.0{\times}10^7$ to $3.6{\times}10^7$ cells/ml and the culturability was about 0.05%. The faction of bacteria detectable by FISH with the probe EUB338 was about 83% of DAPI counts. Gamma and alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria were predominant in BAC process and their ratios were over 20% respectively. In top and middle, alpha, beta and gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria competed with each other and their percentages was changed according to the season. In bottom, gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria was predominant all through the year. It could be successfully observed the seasonal distribution of bacterial community in biological activated carbon process using FISH.

Long-Term Starvation Induces the Viable-but-Nonculturable Condition in Lactobacillus crispatus KLB46

  • 이석용;김주현;장정은;김승철;윤현식;소재성
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.918-922
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    • 2001
  • In a previous study, we have isolated a number of lactobacilli from Korean women, and one of them (KLB46) was identified as Lactobacillus crispatus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. For the ecological treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) cell suspension of L. crispatus KLB46 was instillated into BV patients. L. crispatus KLB46 was found to persist for several days in cell suspension with no nutrients. In this study, in order to assess the influence of starvation on physiological activity, we compared the viability and culturability of KLB46 following suspension in various buffer solutions. A pair of in situ fluorescent dye was used to assess viability (i.e. membrane integrity) and the culturability was examined by plate count assay. A rapid epifluorescence staining method using the LIVE/DEAD Bacterial Viability Kit $(BacLight^{TM})$ was applied to estimate both viable and total counts of bacteria in cell suspension. $BacLight^{TM}$ is composed of two nucleic acid-binding stains ($SYTO\;9^{TM}$ and propidium iodide). $SYTO\;9^{TM}$ penetrates all bacterial membranes and stains the cells green while propidium iodide only penetrates cells with damaged membranes, therefore the combination of the two stains produces red fluorescing cells. Optimal staining conditions for $BacLight^{TM}$ were found to be with 0.0835M $SYTO\;9^{TM}$ and 0.05M propidium iodide for 15 min incubation at room temperature in dark. When cells were microscopically examined during 140 hours of starvation, the culturability decreased markedly while the viability remained relatively constant, which suggests that large fraction of KLB46 cells became viable but non-culturable (VBNC) upon starvation.

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계육에 오염된 Campylobacter 균의 불활성화 평가 (Assessment of Inactivation for Campylobacter spp. Attached on Chicken Meat)

  • 장금일;정헌상;김정호;김광엽
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.302-307
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 위생제 처리에 의해 계육에 존재하는 Campylobacter 균의 불활성화 효과를 신속하고 직접적으로 평가하고자 하였다 먼저 Campylobacter균의 계육중 오염 부위는 계육 표면의 주름진 틈 사이 및 모공 주변에 존재하였다. 그리고 TSP처리에 의한 Campylobacter균의 불활성화 효과를 in vitro 방법으로 평가한 결과, Campylobacter 균은 활성상태인 나선형에서 구형으로 형태변환이 발생하였는데, 구형으로 변환된 Campylobacter균은 배양된 배지성분이 제거된 경우 불활성화 효과가 나타내는 반면, 배지성분이 잔존한 경우 TSP처리에 의해 불활성화되지 않은 VBNC의 구형 상태로 잔존하였다. 또한 계육 표면에 오염된 Campylobacrer균을 불활성화 시키기 위해 TSP를 처리하였을 때, Campylobacter균의 모양이 구형으로 변환되었지만, TSP처리에 의해 불활성화 효과를 나타내지 않고 계육 표면에 VBNC 형태로 잔존하여 배지성분을 제거시킨 결과와 같은 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 Campylobacter균의 배지성분 내의 유기물 및 계육표면에 존재하는 유기물을 이용하여 TSP에 대한 저항력을 향상시킨 것으로 생각되며, 이는 다양한 위생제 처리에 의한 식품의 안전성을 추구하는데 있어 매우 중요한 문제점이라고 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 방법을 통해 계육에 존재하는 Campylobacter균에 대하여 위생제 처리에 의한 불활성화 효과를 직접적이면서 신속하게 평가할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

스트레스 하의 자연세균의 활성 및 생존의 발광표현형을 이용한 탐지 (Activity and Survival of the Natural Bacteria under the Stressed Conditions Detected by Bioluminescent Phenotype)

  • 박경제;윤혜영;천세진;이호자;이동훈;장덕진;이규호
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 1998
  • 자연미생물, KP964에 luxAB 유전자를 주입하여 발광기능을 부여함으로써 그들의 발광정도가 스트레스에 대한 적응, 생존 및 활성도를 나타내는 색인이 될 수 있는가, 그리고 특히 non-culturable but viable(NCBV) 상태로 존재하는 미생물의 활성에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있는가를 알아보았다. 영양결핍조건 하에서 그들의 총 세균수, 배양가능세균(colony-forming-unit; CFU)수, viable cell 수, 그리고 발광정도(relative light unit; RLU)의 변화를 조사하였다. 형광현미경으로 확인된 총 수는 변화가 없었으며, 첨가된 yeast extract에 의해 성장하는 viable cell 수는 완만하게 감소하였으나 CFU 수는 급격히 줄어들어 37일 째 이후에는 탐지한계 이하로 감소하였다. RLU의 경우, 처음 7일의 영양결핍동안 0.016%까지 감소하였으며, 그 이후에는 탐지한계수준 이하로 검출되었다. 아울러 스트레스를 받는 4시간 동안 CFU수와 RLU의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 발광 KP964 균주에게 독성유해물질, acid shock, osmotic shocks를 접촉시킨 후 시간별로 CFU와 RLU를 측정한 결과, KP964 CFU 당 RLU는 9.1-26% 까지 감소하였다. 이는 스트레스의 종류에 따라 접촉시간이 길수록 CFU 당 나오는 빛의 양이 줄어듬을 보인 것이다. 이러한 결과는 영양결핍조건 시 RLU의 감소율이 CFU의 감소율보다 더 크며 영양결핍 이외의 다른 스트레스 조건 하에서도 RLU의 감소율과 CFU의 감소율의 연관성을 찾을 수 없음을 보이므로, 발하는 빛의 정량만으로는 NCBV 상태는 물론 배양가능한 세균의 양이나 활성을 나타내지 못하는 듯 하였다. 그러나 스트레스를 받은 KP964의 활성 정도와 잠재발광능력과의 관계는 좋은 연관성을 보여주었다. 즉, p-xylene, hypo-osmotic stress, 또는 영양결핍에 노출된 세균으로부터 각 스트레스를 제거하였을 시 나타나는 발광증가 유형을 조사하였는데, 증가가 시작하기까지의 lag period는 각각 32, 26, 22분으로 나타났다. 즉 미생물에 강력한 스트레스로 작용한 경우일수록 lag time이 길고, 또한 발광의 증가율이 느리며 도달하는 최대 RLU값도 낮음이 관찰되었다. 따라서 스트레스 하의 세균으로부터 직접적인 RLU의 측정보다는 이들이 스트레스 조건으로부터 재성장 또는 소생되는 과정에서의 잠재 발광능력의 분석이 자연세균의 적응, 활성 및 생존의 정도를 나타내주었다.

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Microbiological Features and Bioactivity of a Fermented Manure Product (Preparation 500) Used in Biodynamic Agriculture

  • Giannattasio, Matteo;Vendramin, Elena;Fornasier, Flavio;Alberghini, Sara;Zanardo, Marina;Stellin, Fabio;Concheri, Giuseppe;Stevanato, Piergiorgio;Ertani, Andrea;Nardi, Serenella;Rizzi, Valeria;Piffanelli, Pietro;Spaccini, Riccardo;Mazzei, Pierluigi;Piccolo, Alessandro;Squartini, Andrea
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.644-651
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    • 2013
  • The fermented manure derivative known as Preparation 500 is traditionally used as a field spray in biodynamic agriculture for maintaining and increasing soil fertility. This work aimed at characterizing the product from a microbiological standpoint and at assaying its bioactive properties. The approach involved molecular taxonomical characterization of the culturable microbial community; ARISA fingerprints of the total bacteria and fungal communities; chemical elemental macronutrient analysis via a combustion analyzer; activity assays for six key enzymes; bioassays for bacterial quorum sensing and chitolipooligosaccharide production; and plant hormone-like activity. The material was found to harbor a bacterial community of $2.38{\times}10^8$ CFU/g dw dominated by Gram-positives with minor instances of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. ARISA showed a coherence of bacterial assemblages in different preparation lots of the same year in spite of geographic origin. Enzymatic activities showed elevated values of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, chitinase, and esterase. The preparation had no quorum sensing-detectable signal, and no rhizobial nod gene-inducing properties, but displayed a strong auxin-like effect on plants. Enzymatic analyses indicated a bioactive potential in the fertility and nutrient cycling contexts. The IAA activity and microbial degradation products qualify for a possible activity as soil biostimulants. Quantitative details and possible modes of action are discussed.

해수와 피조개에서 Vibrio mimicus K-1의 생존에 대한 보관온도의 영향 (Effects of Storage Temperature on the Survival of Vibrio mimicus K-1 in Seawater and Arkshell)

  • 고병호;이원동;안성기;김지희;이명숙
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 1997
  • 식중독 원인균으로 알려진 Vibrio mimicus K-1를 피조개에 feeding시켰을 때 보관온도에 따른 균수변화를 측정하여 살아있는 패류에 오염되었을 때의 저온저항성과 증식양상을 조사하였다. 보관온도에 따른 균수변화는 해수에 보관하였을 때와 피조개에 feeding하였을 때 같은 온도에서의 균수변화가 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 해수에 보관(초기균수 $3.2\times10^7\;CFU/ml$)하였을 때는 균수가 급격히 감소하여 $5^{\circ}C$에서는 보관 5일만에 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 보관 10일만에 검출이 되지 않았으나, 살아있는 피조개에 feeding시켜 보관하였을 때는 균수의 변화가 비교적 안정하여 보관 10일동안 약 $1\~1.5-log-unit$가 감소하였다. 하지만 대조군으로 $10^{\circ}C서 탈각하여 보관하였을 때는 호기성균의 완만한 증가와는 달리 V. mimicus K-1의 균수는 급격히 감소하여 보관 7일만에 검출이 되지 않아 살아있는 패류에 Vibrio가 감염되었을 경우에는 저온에서 보관하더라도 Vibrio의 균수 감소에는 별 영향을 주지않았다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 초기균수 $3.2\times10^7CFU/ml$가 보관 10일 후에는 $1.6\times10^6CFU/ml$로 균수의 변화가 안정하던 해수에서와는 달리, 피조개에 feeding시켜 보관하였을 때는 총 호기성 균수의 경우 급격히 증가하였고 V. mimicus K-1의 균수도 급격히 감소하여 보관 7일째부터는 검출이 되지 않았다.

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