• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed data of 2,019 postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2011 and were free of cardiovascular disease history. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Waist circumference was used to measure obesity. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight<1 standard deviation below the gender-specific means for healthy young adults. The estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk was calculated by Pooled Cohort Equation. Subjects were classified as non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity based on status of waist circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 16.3% (n=317) and 18.3% (n=369), respectively. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk in the sarcopenic obesity group was higher ($3.82{\pm}0.22%$) than the normal group ($2.73{\pm}0.09%$) and sarcopenia group ($3.17{\pm}0.22%$) (p < 0.000). The odd ratios (ORs) for the ${\geq}7.5%$ 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk were significantly higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (OR 3.609, 95% CI: 2.030-6.417) compared to the sarcopenia group (OR 2.799, 95% CI: 1.463-5.352) (p for trend < 0.000) after adjusting for independent variables (i.e., exercise, period of menopausal, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) score, income, education level, calorie intake, %fat intake and hormonal replacement therapy). Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity appear to be associated with higher risk factors predicting the 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. These findings imply that maintaining normal weight and muscle mass may be important for cardiovascular disease risk prevention in postmenopausal women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) of gynecological cancer survivors and normal women. Methods: This study compared the anthropometric indices, dietary behavior, nutritional intake, and DQI-I in women with previous history of breast or uterine cancer [Gynecological cancer survivors group (GCSG, n=126)] and normal women [Normal control group (NCG, n=7,011)] using the 2013~2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results: Body mass index and waist circumference were lower in the GCSG compared the NCG. The frequency of skipping breakfast and eating out was higher in the NCG compared to GCSG. Energy and fat intake were significantly higher in the NCG than in the GCSG, whereas intake of all minerals and vitamins (excluding thiamine), and dietary fiber intake were higher in GCSG. It was observed that the fatty acid intake of the GCSG was significantly lower than that of the NCG. The diet quality evaluation using DQI-I results showed that GCSG was higher in the "within-group" diet variety and adequacy of vegetable group than the NCG, whereas the intake level of the fruit group was higher in NCG. Besides, protein, calcium, and vitamin C intake were higher in the GCSG than in the NCG. The GCSG showed higher levels of total fat and saturated fat moderation than the NCG, whereas cholesterol moderation showed the opposite results. The results of DQI-I comparison according to the cancer survival years showed that the overall score and scores related to diet adequacy and balance were higher in the below 5-year group, whereas the over 5-year group scored higher in terms of moderation of diet. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that a chronic disease based management approach is needed in cancer survivors. The study provides important data which can help in the preparation of guidelines for long-term lifestyle and diet management, in these patients.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 유아기 위험상황에서 자신의 신체를 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 안전보건 능력의 중요성이 강조되고 있지만 유아안전보건지식 측정에 대한 타당화된 검사도구의 부족으로, 유아의 안전보건지식 측정할 수 있는 도구 개발 필요성에 대한 근거를 마련하고자 하는 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 교육전문가 및 유아교육전문가의 의견을 수렴하여 만 3~5세의 유아 안전보건지식 측정에 적합한 구성요인을 추출하였다. 이를 기초로 개발된 측정문항은 3-5세 유아 186명을 대상으로 설문조사하여 문항구성의 적합도와 내용의 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 문항반응분포시 0.8이하값은 삭제하였고, 상관도 r<.40이하의 문항도 삭제하였고, 신뢰도검사에서 .70이상으로 나타났다. 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐 총 3영역 23개 문항으로 개발되었다. 최종문항에 대한 안전보건지식 총점과 상관도는 .80이상으로 나타나 유의미한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 유아안전보건지식 측정도구는 문항변별도, 문항신뢰도인 문항내적 일치도, 내용타당도는 적절한 것으로 확인되어 유아안전보건지식 측정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것이며 추후 더욱 타당화된 검증을 위하여 유아안전보건교육 프로그램 실시후 안전보건지식 향상의 효과를 검증하는 후속연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Background: Osteoporosis is a common disease that occurs comorbidly in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). However, the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with ACOS has not widely been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis and its relationship with the clinical parameters of patients with asthma, COPD, and ACOS. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density (BMD), lung function tests, and disease status evaluations were conducted. Results: A total of 321 patients were enrolled: 138 with asthma, 46 with ACOS, and 137 with COPD. One hundred and ninety-three patients (60.1%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis (53.6% of asthma, 65.2% of ACOS, and 65.0% of COPD). Patients with ACOS showed a significantly lower BMD and T-score than did those with asthma. In addition to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), which were previously reported to be associated with BMD, BMD also had a negative correlation with the diagnosis of ACOS, as compared to a diagnosis of asthma, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and inhaled corticosteroid use (p=0.001). Among those patients with COPD and ACOS, BMD was negatively associated with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) after adjustment (p<0.001). Inhaled corticosteroid was not associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis and BMD. Conclusion: Patients with ACOS, particularly aged and lean women, should be more carefully monitored for osteoporosis as compared to patients with asthma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1985

영남대학교에 다니고 있는 남녀 대학생 5,869명(남 : 3,893, 여 : 1,976명)을 표본으로 Zung의 자가평가 우울척도를 사용하여 우울을 평가한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 우울성적의 총점은 남 : $41.3{\pm}8.66$, 여 : $45.7{\pm}8.23$으로 여대생이 유의하게 높은 성적을 보였다(P<0.001). 우울의 항목별 성적은 남녀 대학생 모두에서 혼동, 우유부단 및 정신운동지연 등의 성적이 높았고, 자살의도, 정신운동흥분, 변비 및 빈맥 등의 성적이 낮았다. 우울성적의 분포는 50점 이상의 고득점자가 남: 711명(18.2%), 여 : 655명 (33.1%)으로 여자 대학생에서 높은 율을 보였으며, 전체적으로는 남녀 총 1,366명 (23.3%)이었다. 우울성적과 관련된 사회정신의학적 요인들 중 남녀 대학생에게 공통적으로 유의한 영향을 끼친 것은 소속대학 선택과 현 소속학과에 대한 불만족(각각 P<0.001, P<0.001) 및 과거의 성취도, 현재의 만족도와 미래의 기대에 대해 비관적(각각 P<0.001, P <0.001, P<0.001)인 경우이었다. 남대생 단독으로 유의하게 영향을 마친 요인은 1학년 (P<0.001), 출신고교 소재지가 읍단위 (P<0.05), 무종교 (P<0.001), 부모가 학비부담 (P<0.001) 및 월잡비 일만원 이하 (P<0.01)인 경우이었다. 여대생 단독으로 유의하게 영향을 미친 요인은 천주교 (P<0.05) 및 형제자매가 학비를 부담하는 경우 (P<0.01)이었다. 피로, 과민성, 빈맥, 절망감, 우울감 및 불만족 등의 우울척도의 항목과 피로, 불안, 심계항진, 우려, 두려움 및 전신통증의 불안척도의 항목들이 상관계수 0.40 이상으로 서로 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 초등학생들을 영아기 영양법에 따라 모유영양군, 인공영양군, 혼합영양군으로 분류하여 영아기 영양법에 따른 식습관과 영양 섭취 상태를 비교 분석함으로써 영아기 영양법이 이후의 식사법에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 전체 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 9.7세였으며, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수는 각각 139.0 cm, 34.6 kg, $17.8kg/m^2$로 영아기 영양법에 따른 군간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 영아기 영양방법에 대해 조사한 결과 초유를 섭취한 비율은 모유영양군 97.2%, 혼합영양군 92.7%로 인공영양군의 40.9%보다 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.001), 이유 시기 및 첫 이유 식품에서 세 군간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한 식습관 조사 결과 간식을 전혀 먹지 않는다는 비율은 모유영양군 10.0%, 인공영양군 9.4%로 혼합영양군의 3.8%보다 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.05), 식사 및 외식빈도 등은 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총 식습관 점수와 에너지 및 영양소 섭취량은 영아기 영양법에 따른 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 성장기 아동에서 영아기 영양법에 따라 간식섭취 빈도, 우유 유제품 및 채소 섭취 정도 등과 같은 식습관이 다른 것으로 나타났으며, 추후 영아기 영양법에 따른 성장, 건강, 식습관 및 식사섭취상태 등에 대한 장기적인 추적조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.496-512
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the presence and severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and development of long-term glucose fluctuation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) at baseline and at least 4-year of follow-up with ${\geq}6$ measures of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were included. The severity of CAN was categorized as normal, early, or severe CAN according to the CARTs score. HbA1c variability was measured as the standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation, and adjusted SD of serial HbA1c measurements. Results: A total of 681 subjects were analyzed (294 normal, 318 early, and 69 severe CAN). The HbA1c variability index values showed a positive relationship with the severity of CAN. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that CAN was significantly associated with the risk of developing higher HbA1c variability (SD) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, mean HbA1c, heart rate, glomerular filtration rate, diabetic retinopathy, coronary artery disease, insulin use, and anti-hypertensive medication (early CAN: odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.43) (severe CAN: OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.47 to 5.56). This association was more prominent in subjects who had a longer duration of diabetes (>10 years) and lower mean HbA1c (<7%). Conclusion: CAN is an independent risk factor for future higher HbA1c variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tailored therapy for stabilizing glucose fluctuation should be emphasized in subjects with CAN.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between general characteristics and oral health behavior, oral health knowledge, and oral health literacy for adult workers. Methods: This study chose some adult workers located D City by convenience sampling method, and accepted those who understood the purpose of the study and agreed with a survey as subjects. The final study subjects were 297 except 24 with unsound questionnaires among a total of 321 questionnaires. The contents of a survey were demographic characteristics, oral health behavior, oral health knowledge, and oral literacy, and the survey was done by a self-administered questionnaire. Results: In the verbal oral health literacy distribution based on REALM standard of the subjects, a scale of 7-8, 45-60 points by score was the highest with 62.0%. In average monthly household income and oral health knowledge level of general characteristics, oral health literacy was statistically significant, and was statistically significant according to oral health literacy, monthly income of house hold, and marital status as well, and was statistically significant in oral health knowledge and oral health literacy level according to oral health behavior and in the oral health knowledge level depending on a regular checkup. And In experience existence and nonexistence of oral health education and understanding and misunderstanding of dentistry and dental health education, and main body of the decision of dental treatment, verbal oral health literacy of oral health knowledge and oral health literacy was significant. It can be seen that based on correlation among general characteristics, oral health knowledge level, verbal oral health literacy, and functional oral health literacy, there is a correlation among gender and education level, age and average monthly income, and age and marital status. Conclusions: This study presented the need for oral health literacy along with the oral health knowledge of oral health behavior affecting adult workers' oral health, and tried to establish the connection among them. Accordingly, it is thought that an improvement plan of oral health literacy for the prevention and promotion of adult workers' dental disease in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1362-1375
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition. A total of 336 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox^® T anticoccidial vaccine to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) body weight than CNT diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental period. There is no significant (p > 0.05) in average daily feed intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of concentration levels or THB alone reduced (p < 0.05) lesion score in ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had lower (p < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the oocysts per gram of feces count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that birds fed with a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB alone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 2019

Objective: This study ascertained effects of cactus pear in association with different roughage in the diet of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and performance. Methods: Eight cows with $72{\pm}11$ days of lactation were used. The experimental design was simultaneous in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as exclusive roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as exclusive roughage; Diet 4, elephant grass associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. Results: Dry matter intake (p = 0.01) was higher with sorghum silage. There were differences in dry matter intake (p = 0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), ether extract (p = 0.01), non-fibrous carbohydrates (p<0.01) and total digestible nutrients (p = 0.01) among the diets. Cactus pear in the diet reduced water intake by 44.52% (p<0.01). The nitrogen balance was 59.71% and 27.49% lower in animals treated with exclusive sorghum silage and sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in relation to diets with elephant grass and elephant grass associated with cactus pear, respectively (p<0.01). The diets did not influence the milk production (p = 0.70), 3.5% fat corrected milk production (p = 0.72) or feed efficiency (p = 0.61). Conclusion: The association of cactus pear with sorghum or elephant grass silage does not alter milk production, reduces the intake of dry matter and water and improves the digestibility of nutrients.