• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2016

Background: Shipbuilding involves intensive welding activities, and welders are exposed to a variety of metal fumes, including manganese, that may be associated with neurological impairments. This study aimed to characterize total and size-fractionated manganese exposure resulting from welding operations in shipbuilding work areas. Methods: In this study, we characterized manganese-containing particulates with an emphasis on total mass (n = 86, closed-face 37-mm cassette samplers) and particle size-selective mass concentrations (n = 86, 8-stage cascade impactor samplers), particle size distributions, and a comparison of exposure levels determined using personal cassette and impactor samplers. Results: Our results suggest that 67.4% of all samples were above the current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists manganese threshold limit value of $100{\mu}g/m^3$ as inhalable mass. Furthermore, most of the particles containing manganese in the welding process were of the size of respirable particulates, and 90.7% of all samples exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value of $20{\mu}g/m^3$ for respirable manganese. Conclusion: The concentrations measured with the two sampler types (cassette: total mass; impactor: inhalable mass) were significantly correlated (r = 0.964, p < 0.001), but the total concentration obtained using cassette samplers was lower than the inhalable concentration of impactor samplers.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-30
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• 2003

We all human beings, should be reached the terminal of life in the world. There is the only difference between that comes suddenly or slowly. Persons who should be come the terminal stage suddenly due to disease, especially, malignancy, are Hospice patients. Hospice work is the work of all of us because anyone, anywhere, whenever can be suffered in terminal stage. The characters of Hospice-care are total care of wholistic human beings, comprehensive total assessment of the life and the team work composed of diverse team-members, for example, doctors, nurses, social workers, physical therapists, psychologists, ministers & volunteers. The care manager of the total care(the coordinator of Hospice care), should be worked systemically and, rationally. The comprehensive assessment concept should be entered to the infra-consultant of terminal care-program. The care manager should be have the ability of comprehensive assessment for terminal patients. It will also help standardization of Hospice, and application of medical insurance and social security.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2021

Dentists and dental hygienists are major collaborators, as expressed by the concept of "Four-handed dentistry." Dentists are guaranteed their legal duties and rights in accordance with the Medical Act, whereas dental hygienists are currently stipulated in the scope of their legal duties under the Act on Medical Technicians. However, there is a difference between the actual work and the legal work performed by dental hygienists; therefore, the work is dependent on many legal controversies and authoritative interpretations. The purpose of this study is, first, to develop a reliable questionnaire tool regarding the actual work performed by dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics, and second, to examine the awareness of the appropriateness of legal work based on the developed questionnaire. The target subjects of the survey were dental hygienists and dentists, and the dental hygienists were those who worked in dental hospitals and clinics as license reporters of the Korean Dental Hygienists Association. A total of 1,294 dental hygienists and 39 dentists were included in the final analysis. In the dental hygienist group, 19 items received the response "appropriate for legal work" in over 90% of cases, accounting for 25% of the total 76 items. In addition, in a total of 31 items, more than 80% of the responses were appropriate for legal work. Among them, the highest was 'Scailing' (97.7%), followed by "Extraoral-Panorama" (97.1%). In the dentist group, 10 out of 76 items showed over 90% adequacy for legal work, and among them, "instrument cleaning and sterilization" was the highest at 100%. It was followed by "Intraoral radiography," "Scailing," and "Toothpick method, TPM" with 97.4%. In the case of dentists, 28 out of a total of 76 items showed an appropriateness of more than 80% for legal work. This study comprehensively investigated the actual work of dental hygienists in line with timely and appropriate social issues and provided reliable statistics in evidence-based dentistry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the current status of the possession of measurement and analytical instruments among work environment monitoring organizations that have been designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MoEL) in Korea. Methods: Data for measurement and analytical instruments were gathered by inspectors who had been assigned by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) and MoEL during the evaluation program for designated work environment monitoring service providers in 2012. Data for 11 monitoring instruments and nine analytical instruments were collected from 108 organizations. Basic data such as the type of service provides and the size of employment were also recorded by the inspector. Results: The total number of personal air samplers including high and low flow rates operated in Korea was 5,418, with average of 50.2. Average operation number of noise dosimeters was 35.0, while 3,780 dosimeters were used in 108 work environment monitoring organizations. There were 10,488 monitoring instruments in total. All service providers possessed at least one AAS and GC in their analytical laboratory. Total number of HPLC/MS was five, followed by ICP/MS of seven, with an average of 0.07. Conclusions: Based on the data, domestic work environment monitoring service providers possessed relatively reasonable measurement and analytical instruments. Nearly all instruments had been imported from advanced countries such as USA, UK and Japan. Periodic gathering of data on these instruments may help maintain good workplace monitoring results and the health of workers at the sites.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 1994

Recently there has been new work schedule developed in some companies which means starting the work at 7 and finishing at 4 This article studied on the effects of new work schedule on the time allocation by married couples. It was compared with the time spent by married couples in group of old work schedule. And it studied whether the change of work schedule affects the time allocation and satisfaction of couples. This survey was conducted from November to December 1993 One hundred and twenty none couples were considered to be valid sample for this study. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Couples with new work schedule did perceive changes in the time allocation. 2. The total time for transportation and market work of husbands was decreased and leisure time showed a increase when there is new work schedule. 3. Husbands with new work schedule perceived that they spent more time in the household work leisure sharing with their children and sharing with spouses than husbands with old work schedule. 4. Couples with new work schedule showed higher marital satisfaction and family life satisfaction than couples with old work schedule.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.453-466
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the general characteristics of dental technicians and their health behaviors and to analyze the related factors of their work stress and physical symptoms. Methods: The survey used structured self administered questionnaires for a survey targeting 741 members registered of the Dental Technician Association in Daegu Metropolitan City from September to October, 2009. Total of 518 replies and analyzed 490 questionnaire excluding 28 incomplete questionnaires. Results: The work stresses were higher in those who answered that they were under 30-years old, unmarried, lower in rank, or had longer work hours, lower monthly incomes or poor self-perceived health status. In addition, those who worked in a dental laboratory with poor work environment including insufficient ventilation, sand blaster with no powder collecting functions, etc., tended to experience higher work stress than others due to their work conditions. The total average of the respondents of the survey who answered that they suffered from some physical symptoms was 14.7 points. It was found that the factors affecting the score of physical symptoms include occupational features such as work hours, monthly income, etc., and physical work environment such as the presence or absence of ventilator, of dust-collectors within sand blaster, etc., and work stress, exerted significant influence. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study indicates that to lessen work stress and to ultimately alleviate physical symptoms, it is necessary to do the following: improve work environment of young unmarried women; adjust their daily working hours; ameliorate physical work environment. To improve overall physical symptoms, it is importance to establish a safe and healthy working environment.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between job stress and work-related musculo-skeletal symptoms among nurses working in general hospitals. Method: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. The participants were 438 nurses currently working in 4 general hospitals. Data were collected from Jan 2007 to Feb 2007, with Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS)-basic form, KOSHA code H-30 and a questionnaire for general characteristics. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, multiple logistic regression analyses were utilized. Result: Most participants(90.4%) complained of work-related musculo-skeletal symptoms. However, symptomatic nurses satisfying NIOSH screening criteria(symptomatic nurses) were 66.9%(293 persons). The most complained body part was back(39.5%). shoulder(37.7%), leg and foot(36.5%), wrist and hand(21.7%), neck(18.7%), and arm(9.8%). The mean of total score of occupational stress was 51.11. In multiple logistic regression analyses, age, working posture and total score of occupational stress showed significant associations with back symptoms. Exercise and total score of occupational stress were significantly related with shoulder symptoms. Hours of daily house keeping and working posture were related with leg and foot symptoms. Marital status and working posture were related with wrist and hand symptoms. Working posture only showed significant relations with neck symptom. Marital status, hours of daily house keeping, shift work, working posture, and total score of occupational stress were related with the symptoms in the arm. In conclusion, job stress of nurses might be related with work-related musculo-skeletal symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.159-177
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• 2010

This study sought to identify the solutions that private-kindergarten directors use in dealing with their work-related stress. The respondents for this study were 200 kindergarten directors in Busan, Ulsan and Gyoung-Nam province. Surveys were issued and 162 were returned and were subject to statistical analysis. The survey consisted of a total of 45 questions about work-related stress and the strategies used to cope with their work situations. The data collected data were analyzed through the SPSS 12.0 program. As a result of this study, it can be argued that, firstly, in terms of the strategies to reduce work-related stress by directors, it is best to address these issues psychologically, directly and physically. Secondly, through this process, significant differences stemming from the age of directors (p < .01) were observed, while there were no significant differences in terms of educational level and management experience in these statistics. Finally, our results indicated that as a result of confirming the differences among effective plans according to total marks of the level of job stress recognition for privatekindergarten directors, there are meaningful and significant differences in the level of job stress recognition in respect to a physical effective plan (p < .05), a negative plan (p < .01) and a direct effective plan (p < .05).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of depression among female hospital nurses and the influence of rotating shift work and quality of sleep on depression. A total of 295 nurses in Seoul were recruited and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The number of depressed nurses was 71.2%(CES-D total score ≥ 16) and factors influenced on nurses' depression were quality of sleep, rotating shift work, and work experience in nursing(1-2.9 years, more than 10 years). Based on the result of this study, nurse managers and hospital organization should use appropriate interventions to improve quality of sleep and negative effects of rotating shift work for nurses.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of the drop height on lower extremity and lower back kinematics and kinetics during drop landing with the use of raised heel insole. Furthermore we investigated the change that occurred in our body. Joint ROM, eccentric work and contribution to total work were calculated in 11 male college students performing drop landing with 8 motion analysis cameras and 1 forceplate. The result were as follows. First, the ROM and eccentric work were increased in all joints with the increase of the drop height. Second, the ankle ROM and eccentric work were decreased with the use of the insole. Third, the use of the lower back was increased as the use of the ankle decreased with the insole. Based on these results, we can infer that putting on the insole may contribute to chronic injury. We recommend not to use the insole during physical activity.