• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.853-856
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• 2023

This study assesses the palatability of regular canine diets and seven types of black soldier fly-based canine diets when fed to dogs. Sixteen dogs of two types were included in this study: 8 poodles (average weight 2.7 kg ± 0.5) and 8 bichons frises(average weight 2.0 kg ± 0.5). For intake and first choice, two-bowl tests, adhering to standards of canine palatability, were conducted every two days for a total of 14 days by comparing between the control and each treatment. Data, including total intake and total first choice were collected and accumulated for a total of 58 days. This encompassed 14 days of data on comparison between control and treatments, and 44 days of data on comparison among treatment groups (e.g., T1 vs T2) of black soldier fly-based canine diets. Significance differences in canine palatability was observed in treatments (p<0.05), except for the control and T2 results. Among the two-bowl tests, T1 and T2 exhibited the lowest intake and first choices. In particular, the palatability of canine diets ranked in the order T6 > T3 > T7 > T4 > T5 compared to each control. The total intake demonstrated in the following ranking: T6 > T3 > T7 > T5 > Control > T4 > T2 > T1. The total first choice was highest for T6, followed by T3, T7, T5, T4, Control, T2, and T1. In conclusion, insect diets with higher protein content such as T6, T3, and T7 representing as black soldier fly-based canine diets exhibit higher intake and first choice preferences in canines.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2015

In this paper, we introduce how to change the reaction rate as mol concentration when we scan enhanced MRI with GBCA(Gadolinium Based Contrast Agent), Also show the changing patterns depending on diverse MRI sequences which are made by different physical principle. For this study, we made MRI phantom ourselves. We mixed 500 mmol Gadoteridol with Saline in each 28 different containers from 500 to 0 mmol. After that, MR phantom was scanned by physically different MRI sequences which are T1 SE, T2 FLAIR, T1 FLAIR, 3D FLASH, T1 3D SPACE and 3D SPCIR in 1.5T bore. The results were as follows : *T1 Spin echo's Total SI(Signal Intensity) was 15608.7, Max peak was 1352.6 in 1 mmol. *T2 FLAIR's Total SI was 9106.4, Max peak was 0.4 1721.6 in 1 mmol. *T1 FLAIR's Total SI was 20972.5, Max peak was 1604.9 in 1 mmol. *3D FLASH's Total SI was 20924.0, Max peak was 1425.7 in 40 mmol. *3D SPACE 1mm's Total SI was 6399.0, Max peak was 528.3 in 3 mmol. *3D SPACE 5mm's Total SI was 6276.5, Max peak was 514.6 in 2 mmol. *3D SPCIR's Total SI was 1778.8, Max peak was 383.8 in 0.4 mmol. In most sequences, High signal intensity was shown in diluted lower concentration rather than high concentration, And also graph's max peak and pattern had difference value according to the each different sequence. Through this paper which have quantitative result of GBCA's reaction rate depending on sequence, We expect that practical enhanced MR protocol can be performed in clinical field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.657-666
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of caprylic acid(CA)-cyclodextrin (CD) complex on in vitro fermentation characteristics, total gas and methane production. Experiment was done with six treatment groups; 1) no CA-CD complex(control), 2) CA 20 mg(T1), 3) CD 830 mg(T2), 4) CA-CD complex 425 mg(T3), CA-CD complex 850mg(T4), CA-CD complex 1,700 mg(T5). Ruminal pH, ammonia and total VFA concentrations of T2, T3, T4 and T5 were lower(P<0.05) than those of control and T1 for the 12h incubation. The increase in molar percentage of propionate was observed in T4 and T5 compared with control and T2 for the 8h incubation(P<0.05), however, the ratio of acetate to propionate was unchanged in all treatments. Total gas of T1 was lower than that of control, but T2, T3, T4 and T5 were higher compared with control for 12h incubation(P<0.05). If the methane ratio (as %) to total gas for all treatments was compared, T3, T4 and T5(CA-CD supplemented groups) averaged 2.7% whereas control, T1 and T2 showed 3.4, 2.8 and 5.1%, respectively. Therefore, according to these results, it might be concluded that supplementation of CA-CD complex could reduce methane production without disrupting ruminal fermentation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.469-472
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• 2003

The rice bran has been known to contain tocopherols and tocotrienols carrying antioxidant and cholesterol-lowing activities. The content of 8 isomers of vitamin E : $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\gamma\textrm{-}$, $\delta\textrm{-}$tocoperols (T) and tocotrienols ($\textrm{T}_3$) were extracted from 18 major rice varieties and quantified with an HPLC. Tested varieties exhibited T, $\textrm{T}_3$ and total vitamin E ($\textrm{TT}_3$) contents ranging 9.1-14.8, 22.4-37.1, 34.9-46.5 mg/100g with averages of 11.1, 28.0, 39.2 mg/100g, respectively. Among tested varieties, Seojinbyeo and Hwasungbyeo showed high T contents and Andabyeo, Damakum were high in $\textrm{T}_3$, and Andabyeo and Seojinbyeo were high in total $\textrm{TT}_3$ contents. Regardless of varieties, the average 8 isomer contents (in mg/100g) were in descending order of $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$(17.9) ＞$\alpha\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$(8.8) ＞$\alpha\textrm{-}$T (7.8) ＞$\gamma\textrm{-}$T(2.6) ＞$\delta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ (0.9)＞$\beta\textrm{-}$T (0.7)＞$\beta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ (0.4)＞$\delta\textrm{-}$T (0.1). In most varieties, $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$, a strong antioxidant and anticancer compound, consisted 64% of total tocotrienol and 46% of total vitamin E in vice bran.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.2021-2026
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• 2013

Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A function $f:V{\rightarrow}\{-1,+1\}$ defined on the vertices of G is a signed total dominating function if the sum of its function values over any open neighborhood is at least one. The signed total domination number of G, ${\gamma}^s_t(G)$, is the minimum weight of a signed total dominating function of G. In this paper, we study the signed total domination number of generalized Petersen graphs P(n, 2) and prove that for any integer $n{\geq}6$, ${\gamma}^s_t(P(n,2))=2[\frac{n}{3}]+2t$, where $t{\equiv}n(mod\;3)$ and $0 {\leq}t{\leq}2$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the seeding dates on the yield and feed value in cultivating Italian rye grass on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with seeding dates of Oct. 19 (T1), Oct. 26 (T2), Nov. 2 (T3), Nov. 9 (T4), and Nov. 16 (T5) treatments. Plant length, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Crude protein, Crude fat and crude ash were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). On the other hand, NDF, ADF and Crude fiber were decreased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Total mineral contents were higher in the order of T4 > T3 > T5 > T1 > T2 (p<0.05). The total composition amino acid content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the seeding dates delayed. Total free sugar content was highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Nutrition yields (crude protein, crude fat, amino acid and free sugar) were increased significantly with early seeding dates (p<0.05). The above result indicated that it is favorable to seed soon after rice harvest to increase dry matter yield and nutrition yield of Italian ryegrass in the midlands.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 1999

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted with 864 ISA Brown laying hens, 48 weeks old, to determine if microbial phytase $(Natuphos^{(R)})$ supplementation can reduce non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) level in laying diets. The experiment consisted of four dietary treatments: T1, control diet with 0.26% NPP (0.55% total P) wand no supplementary phytase; T2, 0.21% NPP (0.50% total P) diet with 250 U of phytase/kg of diet; T3, 0.16% NPP (0.45% total P) diet with 250 U of phytase/kg of diet; and T4, 0.11% NPP (0.40% total P) diet with 250 U of phytase/kg of diet. T3 showed the highest egg production and egg weight and the lowest feed conversion while T4 gave the lowest egg production and the highest feed conversion and mortality. Daily feed consumption ranged from 130.4 g (T4) to 132.7 g (T2). T1 and T2 were not significantly different in the production parameters. Eggshell strength, egg specific gravity, and eggshell thickness were not significantly different among treatments. However, broken egg ratio was significantly lower in T2 and T4 than in T1. Retentions of Ca, P, Mg, and Cu were greater in phytase supplemented treatments (T2, T3, and T4) than the control (T1), and those in T3 and T4 were greater than in T2. Excretions of P in phytase supplemented treatments (T2, T3, and T4) were significantly (p<0.05) smaller than in T1 but excretions of N were not significantly different among the treatments. Contents of ash in tibiae were not significantly affected by treatments, but contents of Ca, P, Mg, and Zn was increased and that of Cu decreased by phytase supplementation. It is concluded that the NPP concentration in the diet of Brown layers consuming about 130 g/d of feed can be safely lowered from 0.26% (0.55% total P) to 0.16% (0.45% total P). The excretion of P was reduced by the inclusion of 250 U phytase/kg of diet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the seeding dates and growth periods on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and feed value of corn for silage in paddy field. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of five seeding dates, 1 May (T1), 8 May (T2), 15 May (T3), 22 May (T4) and 29 May (T5). And harvesting time homologized by August 24. Therefore, growing periods were 115 days (T1), 108 days (T2), 101 days (T3), 94 days (T4) and 87 days (T5), respectively. In maturities at harvest time, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were full dent, early dent, late dough, dough and early dough stage, respectively. Plant height and numbers of root system were highest in T5 (p<0.01), but leaf length was higher in T4 than others (p<0.05). Dead leaf, tip filling degree and ear circle were higher in T1 than others (p<0.05, 0.01). Leaf width, ear height, leaf number, ear length, stem diameter, stem hardness and brix were not significantly different among the treatments. Dry matter yield and TDN yield were higher in the order of T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5 (p<0.01). Crude protein, crude ash, NDF, ADF and crude fiber were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05, 0.01). But crude fat was the highest in T1, T3 was the lowest as compared to other treatments (p<0.01). Total EAA(essential amino acids) were higher in order of T4 > T3 > T1 > T2 > T5, and total NEAA (nonessential amino acids) were higher in order of T1 > T4 > T2 > T3 > T5, and total amino acids were higher in order of T4 > T1 > T3 > T2 > T5. But no significant differences were found among the treatments. TUFA (total unsaturated fatty acid) and TSFA (total saturated fatty acid) were in order of T1 > T2 > T3 > T5 > T4 (p<0.01). Minerals were the highest in T4 (4,721.25 mg/kg), and T2 (2,970.80 mg/kg) was the lowest as compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Based on the above results, seeding dates could be recommended as early May, and harvest times is yellow ripe stage for qualitative and quantitative production of corn for silage in rice paddy field soil.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

The effects of dietary supplementation with Kalopanax pictus branch, leaves, and extracts on performance, proximate composition, pH, total phenol and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, cholesterol and fatty acid composition of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed for 5 weeks with a diet containing 5% Kalopanax pictus branch (T1), 2% Kalopanax pictus leaves (T2), and 5% Kalopanax pictus extracts (60% leaves + 40% branch) (T3). T1 and T3 resulted in much better feed conversion than T2. In proximate composition, crude fat of chicken meat was increased, but not signi-ficantly (p>0.05) in Kalopanax pictus-supplemented diets than control diet. Total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased (p<0.05) by the dietary-supplementation with Kalopanax pictus branch and leaves compared to the control diet. Total and high density lipoprotein cholesterols of treatment groups were higher than the control group, and control group low density lipoprotein cholesterolwas higher than treatment groups (p<0.05). Especially, T3 was significantly (p<0.05) more effective in improving cholesterol compared to other treatment groups. The treatment groups (especially T3) showed significantly higher total fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid compositions compare to the control group.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to learn the current perception of Total Smart Mirror Display devised with IoT, focused on Hair beauty industry. In detail, this study is to analyze domestic and foreign precedented case studies and conditions of Smart Mirror in beauty industry, and to learn, through survey, the real condition of use of Hair Smart Mirror, which is devised and applied according to the actual state of our country. First, the mean comparison for Total Smart Mirror by gender showed that Function1, Technology 2 and 3 had differences. Second, the mean comparison each by age, external design, function, marketing and technologies showed that Function 4, Marketing 1 to 3, Technology 1 and 3 had differences.