• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of firefighters' job stress and emotional labor on their turnover intention, and analyze the main factors impacting turnover intention in this context. Methods: Based on a descriptive survey study design, we administered a structured questionnaire among 231 firefighters at one fire station in G metropolitan city from November 13 to 27, 2020. Results: Regarding job stress, participants showed differences based on marital status (p<.05), health status (p<.001), total service period (p<.05), and assignment (p<.05). For emotional labor, a significantly higher rate was observed for female than male firefighters (p<.05), with differences also observed in age (p<.001), health status (p<.001), total service period (p<.05), rank (p<.001), and assignment (p<.05). Further, for turnover intention, significant differences were noted with respect to age (p<.001), education (p<.01), health status (p<.001), total service period (p<.01), work unit (p<.05), rank (p<.001), and assignment (p<.05). A significant correlation was found between job stress and emotional labor and turnover intention. Regarding the factors affecting turnover intention, significant differences were noted based on education, rank, job stress, and emotional labor; the explanatory power was 53.9% (F=13.806, p<.001). Conclusion: Tailored support programs must be developed to ease firefighters' job stress and reduce their emotional labor to facilitate effective manpower management and reduce firefighters' turnover intention.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical changes during the aerobic composting of swine manure mixed with bulking agent, sawdust(v/v, 1:1), in a full-scale composting plant using rectangular escalator-aginated bed composting system. Physical and chemical properties were analyzed on the samples which were collected at 5, 15, and 25 day of composting, curing and final step. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Moisture and K2O content, and pH of final step were higher than those of 5th day of composting (p＜0.05). 2. Ammonium nitrogen, total organic corbon and organic matter content, and electrical conductivity(EC) were significantly decreased (p＜0.05) but nitrate nitrogen, ash and P2O5 content increased(p＜0.05) throughout the aerobic composting process. 3. Total organic carbon per total nitrogen(C/N) and total organic matter per total nitrogen(OM/N) ratio were significantly decreased throughout the aerobic composting process(p＜0.05). 4. Physical and chemical properties of swine manure were varied by aerobic fermentation using rectangular escalor-aginated bed composting system.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2003

본 연구는 지금까지 제시된 여러 가지 간이 영양 진단 방법들 중 test strip과 chlorophyll meter를 이용하여 오이의 영양상태를 신속하게 파악하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 시행하였다. 본 실험에서는 양액에 공급하는 N, P, K 수준을 달리하여 오이를 재배하면서 생육시기별로 specific color difference sensor value (SCDSV), 엽병의 즙액 내 $NO_3$, $PO_4$, K의 함량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 양액 중 N, P, K의 농도변화에 따른 엽병 중 $NO_3$, $PO_4$, K 함량 변화가 엽 내 total-N, P, K 함량의 변화보다 더 민감하였다. Test strip을 이용하여 구한 오이 엽병 즙액 내 $NO_3$, $PO_4$, K 함량은 엽 내 total-N, P, K의 농도와 고도의 일차상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 지금까지 여러 연구를 통해 확립된 오이의 엽 내 total-N, P, K의 적정함량을 회귀식에 대입하여 즙액 $NO_3$, $PO_4$, K의 적정함량을 계산하였다. 오이 즙액의 적정 $NO_3$, $PO_4$, K 범위는 각각 5.4-9.1, 0.2-0.5, $3.1-4.8g\;L^{-1}$였다. Chlorophyll meter를 이용하여 측정한 SCDSV는 엽 내 total-N와 높은 상관관계를 나타내었으며 기존에 연구된 오이의 엽 내 total-N 함량을 회귀식에 대입하여 계산한 결과 적정 SCDSV는 39.5-49.0이었다. 본 연구 결과 test strip과 chlorophyll meter는 오이의 신속한 영양 진단에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.834-839
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• 2002

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium picolinatec (CrP) supplementation on the glucose and lipid metabolism of rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet fir 110 days and further treated with CrP or placebos for 6 weeks. The effect of CrP supplementation on body weight, blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels was examined. The results suggested that body weight gain was not significantly different between the control and the CrP supplemented group. Plasma glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the CrP treated group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). The total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the livers of the CrP treated group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation of chromium picolinate ran reduce triglyceride and glucose concentrations in the blood and total lipid and total cholesterol levels in the liver.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1101-1107
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• 2013

In this study, total mercury and methyl mercury in whole blood of Korean was analyzed so as to investigate the correlation between total mercury (T-Hg) and methyl mercury (Me-Hg). 4000 whole blood samples were divided in four groups, according to T-Hg concentration in percentile: group I (p25-p50), group II (p50-p75), group III (p75-p95) and group IV (p95-p100). 100 samples were randomly selected from the each group, and Me-Hg concentration was measured. T-Hg concentration in whole blood was analyzed using a Direct Mercury Analyzer-80 and obtained limit of detection (LOD) was $0.2{\mu}gL^{-1}$. Me-Hg concentration was analyzed with ethylate derivatization using headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and obtained LOD of methyl mercury was $0.5{\mu}gL^{-1}$. The geometric means of T-Hg and Me-Hg were $6.35{\mu}gL^{-1}$ and $4.44{\mu}gL^{-1}$, respectively, and 71.91% of T-Hg was presented as Me-Hg.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2019

Pine barks are important biomass resources because they are utilised in the production of pine wood and rosins. However, no chemical study has been conducted on the hydrophilic status of pine barks in Indonesia. This aim of this study is to explore the hydrophilic extracts of the barks from six Pinus species (P. elliotii, P. caribeae, P. oocarpa, P. merkusii P. montezumae, and P. insularis). The hydrophilics of pine barks were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of polyphenol contents in the ethanol extracts obtained from the barks of six Pinus species was determined using the tannin-formaldehyde method, Folin-Cioucalteu assay, and vanillin-HCl assay. The ethanol and hot water soluble extractives derived from inner barks were higher in quantity when compared to those derived from the outer bark samples. The polyphenol measurement showed that the highest value of total phenol content was derived from the outer bark of P. montezumae whereas those of the total phenol and tannin- formaldehyde contents were derived from the inner and outer barks of P. oocarpa. GC-MS analysis revealed that nitrogenous compounds are dominant constituents in the inner and outer barks of the six species, followed by sugars and monophenolics, respectively.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of Mycorrhiza (Glomus intradics) and Rhizobium inoculation on the N, P utilization and growth response of Alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) and Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in mixed sward, four treatments (non-inoculation, Control; Mycorrhiza inoculation: M; Rhizobium inoculation, R and Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium inoculation, M+R) were applied. The associated analyses were canied out on the early vegetative growth stage (DAS 56, 56 days after seeding) and on the early flowering stage (DAS 126). The decreased rate of total N and P content in soil, with advancing plant growth, was relatively higher in the M and M + R treatment than control. The content of availabie phosphorus in soil at DAS 126 increased by about 34 and 38 % in M and M+R treatment compared to control (189.2 mg PzOskg DM), while non-significant changes was observed in R treatment. Total N uptake and P uptake in the control at DAS 126 were 44.71 and 3.52 mglplant in mixed sward, respectively. About 71, 98 and 197 % of increases in total N uptake and 70, 72 and 11 1 % of increases in total P uptake were estimated in M, R and M+R treatment. Comparing to control, total dry matter yield significantly increased by 27, 33 and 53 %, and crude protein yield also by 78, 83 and 204 %, respectively, in M, R and M+R treatment. The present data indicated that mycorrhiza orland rhizobium inoculation improved N, P utilization of both alfalfa and perennial ryegrass plants, and consequently increased total yield (especially by dual inoculation, M+R). (Key words : Alfalfa, Perennial ryegrass, Mycorrhiza, Rhizobium, N and P Utilization, Growth, Yield)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.687-698
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• 1994

The effects of age and dietary fatty acid composition on lipid metabolism were investigated in Sprague-Dawley strain male rats. These animals weighing 88.6$\pm$2.2g were fed 10% dietary fat(W/W, 20% of total energy) with 0.5, 1, 2 P/S ratio and in each P/S ratio there were three different levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio ; 2, 4, 8. The experimental period was 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The results of this study were as follows. The body weight of rats increased rapidly for the first two months, then increased slowly until 7 to 8 months. After 10 months of dietary regimen their weight decreased. The weight of liver, kidney and epidydimal fat pad increased along with the body weight and then decreased in the 12 months. Plasma total lipid increased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creasing n-3 fatty acid intake in each P/S ratio resulted in lower plasma total lipid although was not statistically significant. The amount of plasma total cholesterol increased at 6 months, but decreased at 12 months. In case of 1, 12 months, increasing P/S ratio significantly plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased and hepatic cholesterol was increased, VLDL-HDL-cholesterol did not changed. The n-6/n-3 ratio did not affect any of theses. The amount of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride increased at 6 month then decreased. When the rats consumed higher amount of n-3 fatty acid in each P/S ratio, their plasma triglyceride and hepatic triglyceride increased at 1, 12months.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2008

In order to elucidate the effects of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet on serum lipid levels, 91 male collegians residing in the Seoul area were recruited. The vegetarians did not smoke tobacco nor drink alcohol. Their anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and blood lipid concentrations were compared to age-matched omnivorous controls. The subjects were divided into four groups. The four groups were: 1) NSNDV (n=25): Non Smoking Non Drinking Vegetarians, 2) NSNDO (n=10): Non Smoking Non Drinking Omnivores, 3) SDO (n=37): Smoking, Drinking Omnivores, 4) SDM (n=11): Smoking Drinking Meat-eaters. Total serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and hematocrit were analyzed. The results were as follows: Weight (p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01) were significantly higher in SDM than NSNDV. Dietary protein (p<0.01), iron (p<0.05) and dietary lipids (p<0.01) from animals in NSNDV were significantly lower than the results in the SDM. Interestingly enough, we noted no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average total dietary protein, dietary lipids and dietary iron, total serum cholesterol, or HDL-cholesterol. Dietary fiber intake was significantly higher in NSNDV than in SDM (p<0.05). Weight, BMI, and total cholesterol were significantly positively correlated with animal protein (p<0.05) and animal lipid (p<0.01) intake. These results showed that vegetarian collegians who haven't smoked tobacco nor drunk alcohol evidenced lower body weight, BMI, and dietary animal lipid intake, but higher dietary fiber intake, than the other three groups. Additionally, intake of animal protein (p<0.001) and intake of animal lipids (p<0.001) were significantly positively correlated with body weight, BMI, and total serum cholesterol in male collegians.