• 임상간호연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a simulation-based High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy training program based on NLN/ISF to identify the effect on knowledge, clinical performance, and educational satisfaction compared to a group who had traditional High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy training after applying it to clinical nurses. Methods: 31 experimental groups and 33 control groups were conducted from August 2019 to September 2019 for inexperienced nurses over 4 months to 5 years with no experience using high-flow oxygen therapy. Educational programs were developed in scenarios according to Airvo2 and Optiflow, such as facilitator, participant, educational condition, design, characteristics, and educational outcomes. The education application was conducted in advanced for knowledge and clinical performance ability after watching therapy video. Since then, a total of 90 minutes have been conducted for respiratory failure theory training, airvo2 and optiflow simulation training, and debriefing. After applying the education, the medical institution measured nurses' knowledge, clinical performance, and education satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Both knowledge and educational satisfaction were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=-14.09, p<.001), (t=-12.99, p<.001). The clinical performance for both use of Optiflow and Airvo2 were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=-11.39, p<.001), (t=-11.38, p<.001). Conclusion: Results showed that the simulation-based High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy training was effective with the experimental group having increased scores for every area of this study.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2008

Purpose: Botulinum toxin type A(BoTA) can block the release of vasoconstriction cotransmitters as well as acetylcholine in nerve terminal. The authors observed that BoTA increases flap survival by preventing sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels. Methods: 10 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control(n=5), and BoTA group(n=5). $3{\times}10cm$ sized random pattern cutaneous flaps were elevated on the dorsal side in both groups. In BoTA group, BoTA was injected into the flap via intradermal to subdermal route, 7 days before the flap elevation. Flap survival rates (survival area/total area) were measured 7 days after the elevation. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in proximal, middle and distal compartments of the flap using laser Doppler flowmetry initially, preoperatively, at immediate postoperation, and 7 days after flap elevation, respectively. Histological examination was performed 7 days after the flap elevation. The number and shape of the vessels were evaluated under microscope. Results: Mean flap survival was $53.18{\pm}6.58%$ in control group and $93.79{\pm}6.06%$ in BoTA group, displaying statistically significant difference(p=0.0008, p<0.05). In the control group, blood flow to the middle and distal compartments of the flap decreased significantly immediately after flap elevation. In the BoTA group, blood flow to the middle compartment did not decrease(p=0.002) and slightly decreased in the distal compartment(p=0.001). Cutaneous blood flow was significantly higher in all compartments of the flap in BoTA group than in control group, 7 days after the flap elevation. In histopathologic examination, greater number of vessels were noted in the BoTA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin A can increase the survival of the random pattern cutaneous flap in rats by preventing the sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.951-960
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• 2007

Window interface to Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (WinHSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to the upstream of Nam-Han river watershed to examine its applicability for loading estimates in watershed scale and to evaluate non-point source control scenarios using BMPRAC in WinHSPF. The WinHSPF model was calibrated and verified for water flow using Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT, 3 stations, 2003~2005) and water qualities using Ministry of Environment (MOE, 5 station, 2000~2006). Water flow and water quality simulation results were also satisfactory over the total simulation period. But outliers were occurred in the time series data of TN and TP at some regions and periods. Therefore, it required more profit calibration process for more various parameters. As a result, all the study was performed within the expectation considering the complexity of the watershed, pollutant sources and land uses intermixed in the watershed. The estimated pollutant load for annual average about $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P respectively. Nonpoint source loading had a great portion of total pollutant loading, about 86.5~95.2%. In WinHSPF, BMPRAC was applied to evaluate non-point source control scenarios (constructed wetland, wet detention ponds and infiltration basins). All the scenarios showed efficiency of non-point source removal. Overall, the HSPF model is adequate for simulating watersheds characteristics, and its application is recommended for watershed management and evaluation of best management practices.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2001년도 학술대회지
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

국내에서 대규모로 진행되고 있는 민간투자사업의 시행에는 많은 난제들이 산재해 있으며, 특히, 민간의 창의와 효율성을 극대화하고자 $\lceil$사회간접자본시설에 대한 민간투자법$\rfloor$ 에 명시된 총사업비 사전확정 및 사후정산 금지규정은 사업비변경과 관련하여 정부와 사업시행자간 분쟁의 요소를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 민간투자사업의 총사업비 변경에 관련된 문제점들을 파악하고, 그의 개선을 위한 총사업비변경 관리방안을 사업관리요소인 계약·조직·정보·비용·공정관리의 틀로서 접근, 분석하였다. 계약관리의 측면에서 실시협약 관련조항의 표준안을 구축하고, 조직관리의 측면에서 업무범위를 명확화한 업무플로우를 수립하고자 하였다. 아올러 정보관리의 측면에서 설계서 변경관리의 효율화를 위한 도면, 문서관리시스템(DMIS)을 제안하고, 비용·공정관리의 측면에서 실공정과 일치되는 통합 내역관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

배경: 태아심장수술이 가능하려면 심폐우회술 시 태반혈류의 유지가 가장 중요하다. 태반 혈관의 수축으로 인한 혈류 감소는 태아에 심한 저산소성 손상을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 태반혈관 수축 억제를 위한 인도메타신과 완전 척추 마취가 태반 혈류에 미치는 영향을 테스트하였다. 대상 및 방법: 제태기간 120∼150일 되는 20마리의 태아양을 정중흉골절개하에 주폐동맥과 우심방에 각각 12 G, 14∼18 F 크기의 도관을 삽관하여 30분 동안 심폐우회술을 시행하였다 어미양은 케타민 정주를 이용한 전신마취를 시행하였고 태아양에 대하여는 근육이완제만을 사용하였다. 심페우회술은 바이오펌프(Bio-pump, Bio-Medicus 회사제, 미국)와 태반을 산화기로 이용하여 시행하였다. 대조군은 태반을 산화기로 사용하여 체외순환만을 시행하였고(10마리), 실험군은 완전 척추 마취와 인도메타신을 전처치한 후 같은 방법으로 체외순환을 시행하였다 시간 경과에 따른 태아혈역학 및 동맥혈가스소견, 태반혈류 변화를 측정하였다. 결과: 태아양의 평균체중은 3.5 $\pm$ 1.3 (2.2 ∼ 5.2) kg이었다. 대조군에서는 심폐우회 시작 직후 평균 44.7 mmHg에서 14.4 mmHg로 급격한 혈압 강하가 관찰되었고 이때 측정한 혈류는 74.3∼97.0 $m\ell$/kg/min 였다. 동맥혈 가스 소견 역시 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압치가 61.9∼129.6 mmHg이었으며 체외순환 정지 후에는 심실세동으로 혈역학 측정이 불가능하였다. 실험군에서는 심폐우회 시작 직후 혈압이 30∼45.8 mmHg로 의미있게 높게 유지되었다. 태반 혈류는 78.8∼120.2 $m\ell$/kg/min로 대조군보다 높았다. 같은 시간대에 측정한 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압치는 평균 59.1∼92.3 mmHg였으며 체외순환 정지 후에는 대조군보다 덜 급격하게 심기능 저하를 보여 평균동맥압이 27.3 mmHg였다. 결론: 연구자 등은 본 연구를 통하여, 30분간 심폐우회술을 실시하면서 인도메타신 전처치와 완전 척추 마취군에서 의미있는 태반혈류개선을 관찰하였으나 임상적용이 가능한 태반혈류의 유지에는 어려움을 겪었다. 향후 태아심폐우회술과 관련된 기술적인 측면에서의 개선, 인도메타신 용량의 조절, 순환회로의 최소화, 체외순환을 위한 우회펌프의 개선 등 태아 체외순환의 수정에 관한 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
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• pp.265-268
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• 2006

The preliminary design of a deep-sea injection system for carbon dioxide ocean sequestration is performed. Common functional requirements for a deep-sea injection system of mid-depth type and lake type are determined, Liquid transport system, liquid storage system and liquid injection system are conceptually determined for the functional requirements. For liquid injection system, the control of flow rate and temperature of liquid $CO_2$ in the injection pipe is needed in the view of internal flow. The function of depressing VIV(Vortex Induced Vibration) is also required in the view of dynamic stability of the injection pipe. A case study is performed for $CO_2$ sequestration capacity of 10 million tons per year. In this study, the total number of injection ships, the flow rate of liquid $CO_2$ and the configuration of a injection pipe are designed. The static structural analysis of the injection pipe is also performed. Finally the preliminary design of a deep-sea injection system is proposed.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.635-640
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• 2004

The present paper provides the design specifications and working principle of flow controlling vortex valve which will be adopted in a Korean next generation reactor (APR1400). The vortex valve is installed inside the pressurized safety injection tank of APR1400, and it passively controls the water discharge flowrate from the tank. In the present study, the performance of the vortex valve have been evaluated throughout the repeated experiments in the full-scale test facility called VAPER(VAlve Performance Evaluation Rig). Based on the experimental results, it is confirmed that the currently developed vortex valve satisfies the major performance requirements of APR1400 plant design in view of the peak discharge flowrate, pressure loss coefficient, and total discharge duration time. To achieve the highest quality of the experimental results, a quality assurance program for vortex valve tests has been strictly applied.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 1999년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.301-308
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• 1999

The present study investigates numerically particle laden flow through compressor cascades and a rocket nozzle. Engines are affected by various particles which are suspending in the atmosphere. Especially in the case of aircraft aviating in volcanic, industrial and desert region including many particles, each components of engine system are damaged severely. That damage modes are erosion of compressor blading and rotor path components, partial or total blockage of cooling passage and engine control system degradation. Numerical prediction and experimental data, erosion rates are predicted for two materials - ceramic, soft metal - on compressor blade surface. Aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) Particles included in solid rocket propelant make ablative the rocket motor nozzle and imped the expansion processes of propulsion. By the definition of particle deposition efficiency, characteristics of particles impaction are considered quantitatively Stoke number is defined over the various particle sizes and particle trajectories are treated by Lagrangian approach. Particle stability is considered by definition of Weber number in rocket nozzle and particle breakup and evaporation is simulated in a rocket nozzle.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1977

The author performed Snyder test, estimation of salivary flow rate, salivary viscosity test, salivary buffering capacity test, M-R test, oral hygiene ability test, estimation of oral glucose clearance time and plaque reformation test in the 107 male Koreans aged form the age of 20 to 29, in order to detect and control the active cariogenic factors contributing to caries development on the individual basis. Thereafter, the data from 8 kinds of caries activity test were analysed and evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Snyder test was positive in 86.0% of total tested persons, and among those showing positive Snyder test reaction, slight caries activity was appeared in 39.1%, moderate caries activity in 23.9%, and marked caries activity in 37.0%. 2. Salivary flow rate was under the average flow amount in 53.3%. 3. Salivary buffering capacity was low in 22.4%. 5. Buffering capacity of dental plaque was high in 12.5%. 6. Oral hygiene ability was insufficient in all persons tested. 7. Oral glucose clearance time was long in 42.1%. 8. Plaque reformation rate was high in 8.4% of the 107 persons tested.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.773-783
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• 2019

A numerical analysis of a turbulent flow with a 'large-eddy breakup device(LEBU)' was performed to investigate the influence of the device on the drag of underwater vehicle using commercial CFD code, FLUENT. In the present study, the vehicle drag was decomposed to skin-friction coefficient(C_f) and pressure coefficient(C_p). The variation of the vehicle C_f and C_p were observed with changing location of the device and Reynolds number. As a result, the device decreased the vehicle C_f because it suppressed the turbulent characteristics behind the device. The larger Reynolds number, the higher reduction effect when the device was placed in front part of, and near the vehicle. On the other hand, the device increased/decreased the vehicle C_p with increasing/decreasing turbulent kinetic energy at recirculating flow region behind the vehicle. The total drag change by the device was caused by C_p rather than C_f.