• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.17
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• pp.29-54
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• 2003

The objectives of this study are to develop more practical and efficient model concerned with airport charge, especially with aircraft landing charge. This study utilizes average pricing and marginal pricing theory as well as cost accounting theory. The average pricing method is useful to make total costs recovery possible in uncongested situation where the marginal costs are too low to recover the total costs of service. The utilization of cost accounting theory with marginal cost pricing theory would improve the practical applicability of the model. In addition, it is necessary to apply cost accounting information in order to estimate more exact cost for the service of landing and take-off of each aircraft type.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to examine whether a health care model that provides comprehensive medical services based on population groups to members of the medical cooperative is applicable as a policy alternative in terms of medical use and cost. Methods: Data were derived from National Health Insurance claim data in 2019. We compared the medical volume and expenses of patients who visited social cooperative-type medical clinics with other patients, control group who visited other clinics in a local area. Results: The average number of visit days was 25.3 days in social cooperative-type medical clinics, more than 24.2 days in the control group (p=.004). However, the average medical cost per visit was KRW 46 thousand in social cooperative-type medical clinics, which was significantly lower than KRW 51 thousand in the control group (p<.001), and the total medical cost was also KRW 16.1 billion in social cooperative-type medical clinics and KRW 16.9 billion in the control group. Conclusion: We identified that a population-based health care model might change patients' behaviors to health care services and decrease total medical cost. Further population based experiment is needed to develop alternative healthcare model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 2015

Recently, research on the smart grid that combines ICT(Information & Communication technology) to the power system has been actively progressed. If the occupancy of the EV(Electric vehicle) is increased. the V2G(Vehicle to grid) system is available which constitutes the micro-grid through battery of EV. V2G system performs load leveling and efficient energy consumption by battery operation considering load condition. But, if the battery is used only depending on the electricity rates, it doses not consider the life of the battery. The ACC(Achievable cycle) and the total transferable energy of battery varies corresponding to the selected DOD(Depth of discharge). In this paper, the optimal DOD selection method of V2G system considering battery wear cost and average driving distance of EV. Also, the total revenue prediction of various nation is presented considering the actual electricity costs per hour.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.353-366
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• 2021

Objectives: An appropriate level of cost support is being proposed to maximize the participation rate. In addition, as the amount of support is highly concentrated at the level of the limit under the current level of supports, the level of cost support is low when the actual level of cost of measuring the working environment exceeds the limit. This paper describes the adjustment of an appropriate cost support rate. Methods: First, this paper analyzes the current cost support status using data from the KOSHA. Second, an alternative for adjusting the cost support rate is presented in consideration of the incentive aspect. Third, we present simulation results for the average cost support rate, the impact of each alternative on finance, and more. Fourth, the most desirable adjustment method is presented after comparing and analyzing the results of various alternatives. Results: In this paper, we present a new scale model. This model is a mixture of flat-rate, fixed rate, and subside cap. It is expected that the new model will not only facilitate participation in businesses with low measurement costs, but also have the effect of controlling measurement costs for institutions that incur greater costs. It is also expected that setting a cap will have the effect of considering government finances and inducing excessively costly institutions to reduce costs. Thus, the new model is likely to be superior to others. If the fourth plan is applied to new businesses and the fifth plan is applied to sustainable businesses, the average cost support rates will be 87.68 percent and 65.18 percent, respectively, and the needed finances will be 2.5 billion won, 18.8 billion won, and 21.3 billion won in total. Conclusions: It seems most desirable to introduce a new model that combines flat-rate, fixed-rate, and subsidy cap systems and achieve an appropriate cost support rate through this model.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.850-862
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• 2007

This study was carried out to survey the actual conditions of wastewater treatment facilities to obtain basic data for the management of wastewater from industrial complexes in Chungcheongnam-do province. Wastewater production flow per site area by watersheds was $49.2m^3/km^2/d$ for Sapgyoho, $8.1m^3/km^2/d$ for Anseongcheon, $5.7m^3/km^2/d$ for Seohae, and $2.9m^3/km^2/d$ for Geumgang. Sapgyoho showed 75% of the total production flow, which was the highest value, Geumgang showed 4% of total flow, which was the lowest value. Average total extra rate as production flow/capacity flow in the wastewater treatment facilities for industrial complex is 49%. Considering by watersheds, the extra rates of Seohae, Geumgang, Anseongcheon, and Sapgyoho, are 73%, 65%, 62%, and 33% respectively. This means that the design of capacity flow in wastewater treatment facilities was too large. Effluent concentration of wastewater treatment facilities did not exceed discharge limit mostly. The removal efficiency rate for water quality item was 90% in BOD, 70% in COD, 80% in SS, 30 to 80% in TN, and 20 to 90% in TP, so the organic removal was good, but the nutrient removal was low and interval of variation was high. The removal efficiency rate of the agricultural was industrial complexes is lower than the national and local complexes. The construction cost of the wastewater treatment facilities in Chungcheongnam-do was $1,756Won\;per\;m^3$, treatment cost was $189Won\;per\;m^3$, and they were about two times and 1.2 times higher than the nation-wide cost, respectively. The treatment cost consists of 39% for man power, 21% for chemical, 16% for power, 11% for sludge treatment, and 13% for others.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 1995

The purposes of the study were to identify the operational characteristics in employee feeding facilities, and to examine the correlations of productivity and these characteristics. A questionnaire was developed and mailed the 500 dietitians in employee feeding facilities in Seoul and Kyoungki Do. Usable questionnaires were received from 117 respondents for a response rate of 23.4％. The questionnaire was designed to determine the productivity index and to investigate the relationship between operational characteristics and productivity index. The questionnaire was contained 2 parts with a total of 16 statements. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS/PC programs. The average productivity indices of 117 facilities were 6.91 meals/hr. Total meals served/week was significantly correlated to the productivity index (r=0.441, p < 0.001). No of average servings per meal, percentage of convenience food use, average minutes for service/day, and employment in professional practice of dietitian were also positively correlated, while food cost was negatively correlated to the productivity.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2010

Purpose: This study analyzed outcomes of a Telecare case management service pilot project for Korean Medicaid Program Clients in Seoul. Outcome data for provided services and medical aid cost data were analyzed. Methods: Case management services were delivered by 10 medical aid managers. The period of the project was from July to December 2007. Results: The total number of the objects was 9714, representing 43.4% of the total medical aid clients in the area. The average number of consults was 2.58. Consults were most frequently via letter and telephone, with in- person visits being least common. Of the total, 213 cases were referred to community services, 87.8% were transacted successfully. The medical expenditure was less than that from January-June, 2007. Conclusion: Telecare service via mail or telephone allows contact with many clients in a short time which can enable the discover and monitoring of high risk clients. This can be accomplished at a cost savings to the Korean Medicaid Program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2023

Objectives: This study examined differences in health care spending and characteristics among older adults in Korea by high-cost status (persistently, transiently, and never high-cost). Methods: We identified 1 364 119 older adults using data from the Korean National Insurance Claims Database for 2017-2019. Outcomes included average annual total health care spending and high-cost status for 2017-2019. Linear regression was used to estimate differences in the outcomes while adjusting for individual-level characteristics. Results: Persistently and transiently high-cost older adults had higher health care spending than never high-cost older adults, but the difference in health care spending was greater among persistently high-cost older adults than among transiently high-cost older adults (US$20 437 vs. 5486). Despite demographic and socioeconomic differences between transiently high-cost and never high-cost older adults, the presence of comorbid conditions remained the most significant factor. However, there were no or small differences in the prevalence of comorbid conditions between persistently high-cost and transiently high-cost older adults. Rather, notable differences were observed in socioeconomic status, including disability and receipt of Medical Aid. Conclusions: Medical risk factors contribute to high health care spending to some extent, but social risk factors may be a source of persistent high-cost status among older adults in Korea.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 2019

Among the participants of the 2012 Korea Medical Panel survey, 308 people who have used emergency, hospitalization and outpatient services for cancer have been selected. The average annual direct cost per cancer patient was analyzed by adding up the patient's medical expenses, industrial copayments, and non-salary costs. The average annual direct direct cost of cancer spent by cancer patients is about 129,093,792 per male, 158,100,612 won for men and 110,482,075 for women.For those with health insurance, the total direct cost per person from cancer was 183,095,125 won and the beneficiaries were 46,241,705 won. By household income, the average annual direct direct costs per person were 112,459,971 won per patient in the household income quartile, 137,910,890 won for patients in the second quartile, 149,556,570 won in the third quartile and 112,730,461 won, quartile 5, respectively.Was 142,926,331 won.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.135-144
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• 1994

The purpose of this study compares determinants of eldery medical cost inflation with those of other age groups by analysing aggregated data with a deterministic model. The deterministic model of per capita medical cost inflation consists of increases in price, intensity of services, and medical utilization. We used a time series data($1985{\sim}1991$) from National Medical Insurance and analyzed by age groups. In total population, the average increase rates of inpatient and outpatient medical costs were respectively 9.5% and 8.8% during 6 years and the major cause of inflation was the increase in service intensity in both of inpatient and outpatient cases. But in the population of 65 years old and over, the average increase rates of inpatient and outpatient medical costs were respectively 13.8% and 14.8% and the major cause of inflation was the increase in per-capita medical utilization in both of inpatient and outpatient cases. Also, the increase in service intensity of 65 years old and over was the highest of other age groups. This pattern was similar during study periods. We concluded that the level of medical cost-inflation and the determinants in eldery was the highest-especially in per capita medical utilization, therfore, the inflation of medical costs in eldery will be higher than other age groups for the furture in Korea.