• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

This paper presents the induced mathematical modeling equations for evaluating the operation stability with automatic transmission of heavy duty vehicle. This theoretical approach indicates that linearized governing equations of system can be converted into eigen-value problems. if the eigen-value has positive number, we can predict the engine operating point locates an unstable operating region. To be a stable state, the unstable operating point diverges toward a stable point which is able to maintain uniform velocity. Based on the previous theoretical analysis, we carry out dynamic simulation to show the behavior of engine operating point and torque converter in transient state. As a result of the dynamic simulation, the suggested theoretical method is found to be reasonable for evaluating the operation stability of a torque converter. In addition, the numerical results explain the engine stops and fluctuating phenomenon in reality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.353-364
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• 1998

This paper describes the design processes and evaluation results of a small-sized six-axis force/torque sensor. The new six-axis force/torque sensor including S-type structure has been developed using a parallel plate structure as a basic sensing element. In order tominimize coupling errors, the location of strain gages has been determined based on the finite element analysis and the connections of strain gages have been made such that the bridge circuit with 4 strain gages becomes balanced. Several design modifications result in a similar strain sensitivity for six-axis forces and moments, and the reduced coupling errors of 2.6% FS between each forces and moments. Calibration test results show that the six-axis load cell developed which has light weight of 135g and the maximum capacities of 196 N in forces and 19.6 N.m in moments is estimated to be within 7.1% FS in coupling error.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

This paper describes the evaluation of a force-reflecting interface with ultrasonic motors(USMs). The force-reflecting interface allows a human to feel object within virtual environment. To effectively display the mechanical impedance of the human hand we need a haptic device with specific characteristics, such as low inertia, almost zero friction and very high stiffness. USMs have attracted considerable attention as the actuator satisfied these conditions. USMs combine features such as high driving torque at low rotational speed, high holding torque and fast response therefore we studied two degree of freedom force-reflecting haptic system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.277-283
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• 2020

In a concentric magnetic gear, which replaces the teeth of a mechanical gear with a permanent magnet, the polar ratio of the magnet that determines the reduction ratio affects the behavior of the magnetic gear dramatically. This study analyzed the density of transmission torque, the efficiency of torque considering the solid loss, and the torque quality, including the cogging characteristics using finite element analysis. When the pole number on the driving side was changed from two to five, it was confirmed that there was an optimal pole ratio, in which the transmission torque was maximized. Because eddy current generation density is proportional to the magnetic field, the transmission efficiency also shows a similar tendency to the transmission torque density, and the efficiency is more than 95% at a low gear ratio. The cogging characteristics due to the interaction of the permanent magnets with the limited number of poles are inversely proportional to the least common multiple between the number of magnets on the drive side and the number of modulator teeth. A test model was built for the transmission torque evaluation.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

A bearing is a mechanical component that transmits rotation and supports loads. According to the type of rotating mechanism, bearings are categorized into ball bearings and tapered roller bearings. Tapered roller bearings have higher load-bearing capabilities than ball bearings. They are used in applications where high loads need to be supported, such as wheel bearings for commercial vehicles and trucks, aircraft and high-speed trains, and heavy-duty spindles for heavy machinery. In recent times, the demand for reducing the driving friction torque in automobiles has been increasing owing to the CO₂ emission regulations and fuel efficiency requirements. Accordingly, the research on the driving friction torque of bearings has become more essential. Researchers have conducted various studies on the lubrication, friction, and contact in tapered roller bearings. Although researchers have conducted numerous studies on the friction in the lips and on roller misalignment and skew, studies considering the influence of roller shape, specifically roller shape errors including lips, are few. This study investigates the driving friction torque of tapered roller bearings considering roller geometric uncertainties. Initially, the study calculates the driving friction torque of tapered roller bearings when subjected to axial loads and compares it with experimental results. Additionally, it performs Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the influence of roller geometric uncertainties (i.e., the effects of roller geometric deviations) on the driving friction torque of the bearings. It then analyzes the results of these simulations.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.605-607
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• 2000

Although Equvalent Magnetic Circuit (EMC) method. Using lumped parameter and numerical analysis method are widely used for electric machine analysis. these are neither always accurate enough nor sometimes available to easily use. Moreover three dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) is inherently unsuitable for electric machine performance evaluation due to its poor computational efficiency, such as too long calculation time and difficulty in modeling for analysis. In this paper, Nonlinear Equivalent Magnetic Circuit (NEMC) method in combination with 2D-FEM is proposed to analyze the electric machine requiring 3D-FEM, and this method applys to torque evaluation for rotary actuator of Electro Magnetic Electronic Controller Power Steering (EM-ECPS).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2011

Analysis of load on major parts of the tractor power drive line is critical for efficient and optimum design of a tractor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate severeness of the tractor PTO driving axle during rotary tillage operation. First, S-N (stress vs. number of cycle) curve of a PTO driving gear was obtained through the fatigue life test using a PTO dynamometer. Second, PTO severeness was evaluated during rotary tillage operation. Torque measurement system was constructed with strain-gauge sensors to measure torque of a PTO axle, an I/O interface to acquire the sensor signals, and an embedded system to calculate severeness. The severeness of PTO was analyzed using measured torque data during rotary tillage. In the PTO gear life fatigue test, breakage time and bending stress of the gear were measured by tooth widths and torque change during the fatigue life test. The S-N curve showed a good linear relationship between bending stress and number of cycle (life) with a coefficient of determination of 0.97. For PTO severenss evaluation, rotary tillage operations were conducted at two PTO rotational speeds (level-1, level-2) under different paddy and upland field sites with different soil conditions. Results of averaged relative severeness for PTO level-1 and PTO level-2 were 1.96 and 3.34, respectively, at paddy field sites, and they were 1.36 and 2.51, respectively, at upland field sites. The results showed that the PTO driving axle experienced more severe load during rotary tillage at paddy fields than at upland sites, and relative severeness was greater at the higher PTO rotational speed under all of the soil conditions.

• 전기의세계
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 1975

The solid-iron rotor induction motor is the squirral cage type induction motor with its rotor core consisting of solid iron in stead of a laminated core. The specific feature of this motor are that its structure is simple and firm, and therefore provides the great convenience in its operation and that its starting characteristic are excellent. this study is aimedto derive the equation for theroretical evaluation of the speed-torque characteristics of the motor by use of maxwell's equation. Through the series of test on the speed-torque characteristics of this motor which is experimentally constructed, we have proved the feasibility of the equaiton which is derived theoretically to calculate the torque of the motor. In addition we have obtained its general charastristics experimentally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1429-1433
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• 2004

Recently, a dangerous event occurred at the field industry and mechanical system. At developed by SUNGGOK corp. a R-L clutches of a small and high capacity serves safety device from a variety environment of mechanical system, it permits transmission of driving torque form input to output shaft in both directions of rotation, but restrains any feedback torque of the driven load from rotating the output shaft in either direction. This study was carried out to demonstrate through finite element methode and durability estimation for safety of the R-L clutches without sliding during the engagement process. As results, we organized about endurance test methode when applied rated torque.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2018

In this study, we proposed three analysis methods to calculate the flatness of torque-angle sensors (TAS). We introduced two statistical and one geometrical methods in evaluating the precision of the flat plane in the axis direction for TAS. To verified the results, we fabricated TAS and a reference sample using a injection molding machine, mold, polyester as a raw material. We measured ($x_i$, $y_i$) position using 3D contact automated system and applied three analysis methods developed for TAS and a reference sample to see the feasibility. While each analysis method has its own pros and cons, the analysis using the shortest optimal distance was the most precise technique for the flatness evaluation of TAS components.