• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2008

Objectives: We investigated the physical effects of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. Methods: We made cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. and measured physiological effects such as skin moisturization, blood flow, skin color, sebum secretion, skin evenness of volunteers applied the cosmetic products with meridian massage for 2 weeks. Results: Topical applications of w/o cream that 1 % Ginkgo biloba. was emulsified, showed significant improvement of blood flow, water contents and $L{\ast}$ value of the face skin. And the skin evenness, sebum contents and skin surface smoothness were improved after 2 weeks. Conclusions: The combination of cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage improved the physical properties of human skin during a treatment. Especially the meridian massage played a role of enhancing the effect of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2012

Background and Objective : Bowen's disease is a type of an in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Typical type of Bowen's disease present as a gradually growing well-dermarcated erythematous plaque with an irregular border and surface crusting or scaling. This case demonstrates that Bowen's disease which had a relapse during applying the topical imiquimod can be treated by herbal medicine. Methods : A 72-year-old man patient presented with a erythematous plaque on his right medial malleolar area. The diagnosis of Bowen's disease was based on the clinical features. The chief complaints were scales, fissures, crusts and dryness of skin, erythema plaque, hyperpigmentation, bleeding, tenderness on the lesion. He was treated with Mahaengeuigam-Tang for 77 days. The severity of Bowen's disease was evaluated by visible assessment to determine the end-point of clearance. Results : After the treatment, fissures, crusts and dryness of skin and bleeding, tenderness on the lesion were vanished. Scales and erythema plaque, hyperpigmentation of the lesion little remained. Conclusions : Mahaengeuigam-Tang can be used on the treatment of skin disease which has characteristics plaques and crusts of skin.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

Objective : Oriental medicines have been combined oriental medical theory which based on the seven modes of emotions. Notopterygium incisum (N. incisum) and Clematis manshurica (C. manshurica) have been used as an anti-rheumatic and analgesic medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, headache, cold, etc. In this study, we evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of N. incisum and C. manshurica. Method : To evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of a herbal mixture N. incisum and C. manshurica, we examined the changed ear thickness in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model after topical application of herbal mixture. In addition, the levels of markers for inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, prostaglandin $G_2$ ($PGE_2$), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by ELISA assay and Griess reagent in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Results : Our results showed that aqueous extracts of N. incisum and C. manshurica combination significantly inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by TPA. Moreover, the aqueous extracts of N. incisum and C. manshurica combination exhibited synergistic effects in down-regulating TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, $PGE_2$ level, but not NO. Conclusions : This study suggested that combined treatment of N. incisum and C. manshurica, based on seven methods in prescription compatibility, has a synergistic effect in down-regulating inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo models.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2008

This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the crude alkaloidal fraction (CAF) of methanol extract of Solanum trilobatum Linn. (Solanacea) root in animal models of inflammation. Crude alkaloidal fraction at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.01) reduced carrageenan induced rat paw volume at 3 h after carrageenan challenge as compared to control group of animals. CAF (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) and dose dependently suppressed cotton pellet induced granuloma formation. Topical application of CAF (1, 5 and 10 mg/ear) markedly inhibited multiple application of TPA in mice. CAF elicited pronounced inhibitory effects on formaldehyde and adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. These results indicate that CAF of methanol extract of the Solanum trilobatum has anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

Swollen and painful extremities have been treated with herbal baths in attempts to alleviate the symptoms. A popular herbal bath used in China, contains a component called 'bone-penetrating herb' which is believed to facilitate the penetration of herbal substances across the skin to the swollen site, so swollen site, so that pain and swelling will be improved. A search from the Chinese pharmacopedia revealed that 22 different herbs have been traditionally used as 'bone-penetrating herb'. Five of these herbs were available in market and were chosen for experimental studies. Standard diffusion experiments were done to identify the most effective herb among the five, in the penetration facilitation. Glechoma longituba at a concentration of 20% was found to give the best results in the facilitation of Bromophenol blue diffusion across artificial and biological membranes. When compared with one commonly used diffusion facilitator, viz. azone, azone was found to be more effective than glechoma longituba. The encouraging observations support future studies on the basic science behind the use of herbal components as topical agents to treat pain and swelling.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of external application of HC001 on atopic dermatitis. HC001, newly composed herbal medicine combinations contains 9 medicinal herbs which are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of HC001 on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. Methods : Seven-week-old BALB/c mice were sensitized with DNCB to develop atopic dermatitis. Animals were divide into three group: Normal, DNCB (Negative control group), HC001 (Experimental group, treated with DNCB and HC001). Skin sections were stained with H&E to measure the thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis, respectively. The expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ protein was measured by western blotting analysis in skin lesion. Results : Topical HC001 treatment significantly restored the skin thickening and hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis compared with DNCB-sensitized group in histopathological analyse. In addition, HC001 inhibited the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ protein increased in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that HC001 may be useful as an external application agent for atopic dermatitis based on reductions of various inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.265-282
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study was to review systemically clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods : Computerized literature searches were carried out on seven electronic databases, and hand-searching on some chinese medical journals in library of Kyung Hee Medical Center. Trial data were extracted in a standardized, predefined manner and assessed independently. Results : 1. Thirty reports of clinical trials and two reports of meta-analyses concerning herbal medicine were collected and reviewed. Among these reports three medical herbs were applied as topical medicine and others as internal medicine. 2. The western studies established NSAIDs or placebo as their control group. Five chinese reports established formulated herb pill(Ruanshnagshenjin pill) as their control group and Six did not establish a control group at all. 3. ACR was the most highly used diagnostic criteria in the western studies while the Chinese used their official criteria established by their government or the criteria of their text books. 4. 20 reports chose the Lequesne functional index, SHAQ, WOMAC OA index, AIMS, and their own unique scoring system as the criteria of analysing the effect. Others chose clinical symptoms, articular functions, and lab finding as their criteria. 5. 7 single herbs and 19 formulated herbs were studied. Among the formulated herbs, Achyranthes japonica was studied in 10 of the studies and Angelica gigantis Radix in 8, making them the most often studied herbs among the studies.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Bonogen shampoo is composed of several plant extracts which are known to be used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Bonogen shampoo on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. There were eight male and female experimental groups including distilled water(DW: negative control), a commercial shampoo[M], 3% minoxidil (MXD) and Bonogen shampoo(BNG). Dorsal skin hair of six-week-old mice was trimmed with an electric clipper carefully not to damage the skin. The next day, mice without skin scratch were selected, randomized and separated in 10 mice per group. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15 ml per mouse or dorsal skin for 21 days daily and then washed thoroughly with DW. The hair regrowth was determined photographically at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, and 21 days and histologically at day 21. No clinical signs were observed in all mice. Although body weight was slightly increased in 3% MXD group than other groups, it was not significant. Hair regrowth began to be promoted after 14 days and appeared a distinct regrowth pattern in all animals by topical treatment of test compounds at 18 days. In particular, the topical treatment of bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD for 21 days to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than DW or M shampoo. At 21 days, the hair regrowth promotion speed was in order of 3% MXD>BNG>M>DW. The bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD also promoted hair follicle elongation compared to the negative control. These results suggest that bonogen shampoo has hair growth promoting activities and may be useful for treatment of bald or alopecia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2003

Objective : This study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture ST36 on altered transmission of afferent somatosensory information caused by amyloid-${\beta}$(A-${\beta}$) that caused Alzheimer's disease. Methods : The effects of topical application of A-${\beta}$, A-${\beta}$ with ST36, aggregated A-${\beta}$(aA-${\beta}$), aA-${\beta}$ with ST36 and ST36 on the afferent sensory transmission to the neurons in the primary somatosensory(SI) cortex was observed in anesthetized rats. Quantitative determination of the effects of A-${\beta}$, A-${\beta}$ with ST36, aA-${\beta}$, aA-${\beta}$ with ST36 and ST36 was made by generating poststimulus time histogram of evoked response of individual cortical neuron by electrical stimulation of the receptive located in peripheral area(forepaw) Results : The results obtained in present study were summerized as follow : 1. Application of physiological concentrative 0.5 nM A-${\beta}$ caused afferent sensory transmission of SI cortex facilitated. 0.5 nM A-${\beta}$ with ST36 exerted much stronger effects than 0.5 nM A-${\beta}$ alone. 2. Application of $10{\mu}M$ A-${\beta}$ caused afferent sensory transmission of SI cortex unchangeable. But $10{\mu}M$ A-${\beta}$ with ST36 is facilitated at 30 min of post-drug period 3. Application of $10{\mu}M$ aA-${\beta}$ caused afferent sensory transmission of SI cortex diminished. $10{\mu}M$ aA-${\beta}$ with ST36 is diminished after 15min of post-drug period but is facilitated after 75min.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2002

Allii sativi Bulbus(garlic) have been shown to possess medicinal value, in particular, antimicrobial activity. In this study, we compared the efficacy on some pathogenic bacteria and fungus among several different extracts(water, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform) of Allii sativi Bulbus. Animal pathogenic bacteria and fungus(S. gallinarium: KCTC 2441, S. flexneri: KCTC 2361, E. cloacae: KCTC 2006, K. pneumonia: KCTC 2208, C. albicans: KCTC 1940) were used to test by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and disc diffusion. Allii sativi Bulbus were cut and mixed with water at 37℃ about 24 h and filtered, and several different solvents(hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol) were respectively added to separate the fraction of each solvent. The antimicrobial(bacteriocidal) and antifungal effect were apparently shown from water extract, hexane and ethyl acetate extract against using strains(Staphylococcus gallinarium, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter doacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans). Especially, the water extract showed the superior efficacy. And the clear zone size of water extract (11～27 mm) was greater than that of gentamycin, hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract against S. gallinarium. S. flexneri, K. pneumonia and C. albicans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of water extract appeared to around 2.0～7.5 ㎎/㎖ against S. gallinarium, S. flexneri, E. cloacae and K. pneumonia. The greater activity was shown by water extract because the MIC of water extract for C. albicans observed in very low concentration(<1.0 ㎎/㎖) compared to hexane(5.0 ㎎/㎖) and ethyl acetate(10.0 ㎎/㎖). Therefore, these results exhibited that water extract of Allii sativi Bulbus have stronger antimicrobial activity than hexane and ethyl acetate extract, and may be useful as topical medicine of superficial infections causing C. albicans as well as antifungal agents.